(A) the main contents of primary school health care work
1. Health care teaching
Students' learning activities are mainly carried out through the classroom. Therefore, health care in classroom teaching plays an important role in school health care. Paying attention to health problems in teaching is not only related to the growth and development of students, but also directly affects the quality of teaching.
Teaching hygiene mainly refers to students' brain hygiene and eye hygiene. The potential power of the human brain is great, but it must be used scientifically to play its role. In particular, primary school students' brains are in a mature stage, which is easy to get excited and tired. If students' brains are in a tense state that violates the laws of brain activity for a long time, they will suffer from excessive fatigue, ranging from inattention, slow thinking and dizziness to excitement inhibition, headache and insomnia, listlessness, memory loss and decreased attention, and then neurasthenia will occur, which will seriously damage students' health, make students' academic performance decline, and even fail to persist in learning. Therefore, we must prevent and overcome the phenomenon that students are overburdened in teaching.
Students should also pay full attention to eye hygiene. If students' eyesight is damaged, it will bring difficulties to their study, affect their reading effect and memory, affect their observation ability and limit their intellectual development; Far away, it will cause difficulties for students in their future work, make them unable to engage in certain professional work, limit their talents, and also be a loss to socialist construction. There are many reasons for students' poor eyesight, but one of the main reasons is that they do not pay attention to eye hygiene. For example, the reading time lasts too long, the reading and writing posture is incorrect, the light is insufficient, and the printed matter, desk and stool are not suitable. Therefore, schools should improve the illumination of classrooms when possible, equip students of different grades with different types of desks and chairs, and educate students to pay attention to eye hygiene, do not read books for a long time, do not read books in places with insufficient light, keep the distance between eyes and books 30 cm when reading and writing, and often do eye exercises.
2. Personal health care
The hygiene of students' personal diet and daily life is also an important part of school health care. Most primary school students live at home, and the key to personal hygiene lies in the family. In addition to cooperating with parents, schools should also put forward reasonable hygiene requirements and necessary guidance for students. Eat on time, wash your hands before and after meals, don't eat on the road, don't play while eating, don't be greedy, don't drink raw water, don't eat rotten fruits, and eat raw fruits to be cleaned or disinfected. In particular, pay attention to overcoming students' bad habits such as eating snacks. Students should be educated to keep their bodies clean. Wash your face and brush your teeth before going to bed and after getting up every day, cut your nails often, and take a bath often if possible. Cleanliness of the body can eliminate parasitic conditions of bacteria and prevent diseases.
3. Environmental sanitation
School is the main activity place for students. We should constantly beautify and green the campus, do a good job in the cleanliness of school equipment, and make classrooms, reading rooms, dormitories, toilets, canteens, sports grounds, workplaces and other equipment clean and hygienic. Schools should establish and improve the environmental sanitation system, which should generally be cleaned once a day and once a week.
4. Reasonable work and rest system
A reasonable work and rest system is a necessary condition to ensure students' study, work and rest rules and healthy growth. The work and rest system of school life should be based on the teaching plan, taking into account students' study, entertainment, sleep and rest, and should also be suitable for students' age characteristics. The school life work and rest system is mainly reflected in the curriculum and work and rest schedule, including the arrangement of study time in various subjects and the time regulation of extracurricular activities (physical exercise, social activities, extracurricular group activities, etc.). ), as well as the arrangement of diet, sleep and rest time.
Students must be guaranteed enough sleep time. Sleep is the basic physiological requirement to eliminate fatigue and protect health. Pupils should have about ten hours of sleep time, and students should be educated to develop good sleep habits. Such as going to bed early and getting up early, washing your face and feet before going to bed, not eating before going to bed, not reading and talking in bed, etc. Special attention should be paid to ensuring the supply of breakfast for students. Generally speaking, if students don't eat enough breakfast, it will affect their study in the third and fourth classes in the morning. According to the survey of the health department, it is worth noting that students now consume more calories than they take in sports, labor and study activities. Research shows that eating breakfast with enough calories is of positive significance to concentrate students' attention and improve their mental state. Conditional schools can add breakfast after the second class.
(B) How to do a good job of health care for primary school students
The headmaster, dean and every teacher of the school have the responsibility to do a good job in school health care. However, large-scale schools should have specific responsible persons and full-time school doctors or health care teachers; Small-scale schools can hire doctors from nearby hospitals as school doctors, or designate a teacher to be responsible for the health care work of the whole school, assist the principal to supervise and check whether the environmental equipment of the school meets the sanitary conditions, and organize the teachers and students of the whole school to carry out patriotic health activities. To do a good job in primary school health care, we should pay attention to the following points.
1. Health promotion and education.
Often explain some basic knowledge of physical health and public health to students, put forward measures and requirements for disease prevention, and educate students to master some medical knowledge and treatment methods for common ailments. Health care publicity and education should be combined with patriotic health campaign. Different contents of publicity can be carried out according to the epidemic situation of diseases in different seasons, such as food hygiene publicity in summer and cold prevention publicity in winter. Publicity methods should be varied, such as radio, slides, movies, pictures, blackboard newspapers, etc. You can also hold health exhibitions or special lectures. Some schools use microscopes to organize students to observe the bacteria in rotten food and nails, which has achieved good publicity results.
2. Establish various medical and health care systems.
To cultivate students' good health habits, in addition to establishing a reasonable work and rest system and a clean and hygienic system, students should also have regular physical examinations, establish student health cards, and treat diseases in time when they are found. Check students' personal hygiene every day. Competitions and competitions can be held, and the red flag of hygiene flow can be issued to improve students' enthusiasm and initiative in health care.