The school education system is the main body of the education system. School education system, referred to as academic system, refers to various school systems in a country. The establishment of academic system provides basic institutional guarantee for the implementation of regular school education.
Types of education system
There are three types of education system: dual-track system, single-track system and sub-discipline system.
1, dual-track school system
Appeared in western Europe, with Britain as a typical representative. The academic system is divided into two tracks: the first track is set for bourgeois children from top to bottom, and its structure is universities (later including other institutions of higher learning) and middle schools (including preparatory classes for middle schools), which is very academic; The other track is set for the children of working people from bottom to top, and its structure is primary school (later primary school and junior high school) and vocational school. This academic system is not conducive to the popularization of education.
2. Monorail academic system
As a typical representative, the United States is characterized by all students studying in the same school system. This academic system is conducive to the popularization of education, but the level of education is uneven, and the quality of teaching varies greatly among schools at the same level.
3. Branch academic system
The Soviet Union and China are typical representatives. This is a school system that emphasizes common basic education (primary school and junior high school) in the primary education stage and divides it into vocational education and general education in the secondary education stage. This academic system is not only conducive to the popularization of education, but also keeps the academic level at a high level, but the teaching is not flexible enough.
The Academic System in Old China
First, the academic system of Guimao
The Charter of Quding School was promulgated and implemented in June 1904, 1. It mainly inherits the Japanese school system and is the first modern school system in China. The academic system clearly stipulates that the purpose of education is "loyalty to the monarch, respect for Confucius, respect for the public, respect for martial arts and respect for reality", which clearly embodies the idea of "taking middle school as the body and western learning as the application".
Second, the educational system of being ungrateful and being ugly
The first capitalist school system. For the first time, coeducation was stipulated, classic reading was abolished, natural science content was enriched, and schools were changed into schools.
Third, Ren Xu's academic system.
Based on the American academic system, it is also called "new academic system" or "633 academic system", which has been used until the early days of national liberation.
The Structure of the Current Academic System in China
1. From the hierarchical structure, China's current school education includes four levels: preschool education, primary education, secondary education and higher education;
2. From the category, the current school education in China can be divided into five categories: basic education, vocational and technical education, higher education, adult education and special education.