The following points must be paid attention to when making a plan:
1. Understand the role of the research plan
Research plan plays an important role in teachers' educational research activities. It is not only a prelude for teachers to take further action after raising research questions, but also a systematic examination and reflection on their own behavior before action. Specific performance in the following aspects:
(1) Refinement of research content
There are many factors involved in the study, so it is necessary to pay attention to both the key points and the details. By making a research plan, researchers can make the research objectives, contents, scope, methods and procedures more clear, and make the subject content more specific and operable.
(2) research action guide
In the process of research, the research plan is the guide of research implementation. In the research plan, we must formulate detailed research procedures and steps, arrange research resources reasonably, and imagine possible difficulties and solutions. With a research plan, there is a direction of action. Sometimes, only in the process of writing a research plan can a creative research idea find some shortcomings and unexpected difficulties, thus prompting researchers to try their best to solve them. With a written research plan, it can also be used as a basis for communicating with peers, telling others their own ideas, soliciting opinions and guidance, and making the research topic more perfect.
(3) Form of project declaration
Research plan is the research idea of researchers and the main form of project declaration, and project declaration must submit research plan. The scientific research management department mainly determines whether the research project is valuable, feasible and needs funding through the declaration and evaluation of the research plan.
2, the basic requirements of the research plan
To write a research plan, we must first understand the basic requirements of the research plan. The basic requirements can be summarized as the following four questions: (1) What to study (2) Why to study (3) How to study (4) What is the effect. No matter what format is used to write the research plan, the above four questions should be answered specifically. Only by mastering these four basic requirements can we not miss the necessary information and content in the research plan and get more external support. When the research plan is completed, we can also evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the research plan according to whether we have clearly answered these four questions.
3, the form and content of the research plan
There are many kinds of research topics and different research methods, so writing a research plan is not limited by the writing format. As long as the above four basic requirements are met and the necessary information and materials are clearly expressed, it is a qualified research plan. The research plan has many formats, but the content of the research plan is similar, mainly including the following aspects:
(1) Subject name: The subject name should be concise and clear. A good subject name should accurately reflect the research scope, object, content and method, and show the relationship between research variables, so that people can see the content of subject research at a glance.
(2) Purpose and significance of the study: The purpose and significance of the study mainly answer questions such as why this study is conducted, what is the value of the study, the background of the study, and the focus of the study.
(3) Research content: The research content is the main body of the research plan. Usually, the research questions raised by the subject are further refined into several small questions and listed. When necessary, the source of information and facts should be prompted.
(4) Questions to be answered and research hypotheses: Any research is guided by questions to be answered or research hypotheses. Therefore, no matter what format you use to write a research plan, you should clearly list the questions or research hypotheses to be answered and clarify the research scope of the topic.
(5) Research objects and variables: Educational research always points to certain research objects. Because of the diversity and complexity of the research objects, researchers must make clear the research objects and main variables when making research plans to avoid the confusion caused by different people's understanding from different angles. The description of the research object involves the overall scope of the study, the number of samples, sampling methods, and if necessary, the source and characteristics of the research object.
(6) Literature review: The research work must be based on relevant literature. When writing the research plan, the relevant literature should be systematically stated to show the researcher's understanding of the research status in this field.
(7) Research methods and design: This part explains the methods and means used in the research, as well as the steps of preparing for the research. Therefore, to describe it clearly and in detail, all research objects, research methods, research tools, data collection procedures and analysis methods should be explained separately. Of course, in the limited space, it is difficult to describe all the details of research methods and design, and generally only need to point to relevant academic terms. For example, "stratified random sampling" is used to illustrate the sampling method, "equal group pre-and post-test experiments" is used to represent the experimental design method, and "t-test" is used to represent the statistical analysis method.
(8) Research progress: Planning research progress can be considered from two aspects; One is time, and the other is work item. If the research has time limit, the time of each work item should be allocated reversely based on the final completion time; If there is no clear time limit, you can arrange the time of each work according to the work item. To draw up the research progress, it is usually necessary to give the time progress or work project progress to ensure that the research can be carried out in an orderly manner and completed on schedule.
(9) Form of results: The expected research results can be explained from two aspects. One is to prompt the expected results of the research and the forms of expression of the results, such as research papers and reports, monographs and teaching materials, teaching AIDS and teaching instruments, teaching software, etc. For projects with a long research cycle, the phased results and final results should also be explained. The second is to explain the possible benefits of the research results, including economic benefits and social benefits.
(10) Members of the research group and their division of labor: If the research work is completed by one person independently, only the academic qualifications, positions and majors of the researchers are needed in the research plan. If the research is undertaken by the research group, it is necessary to list the basic situation and specific division of labor of each member of the research group.
(1 1) budget: funds and equipment are the material conditions for research. The budget should be based on economic principles and estimated realistically. In the research plan, it is best to use the budget list to list the items, purposes and amount of expenditure item by item. The main items in the total budget are: books and reference fees, researchers' research fees, small-scale conference fees, transportation and travel expenses, questionnaire preparation fees, computer fees, printing fees, research and implementation labor fees, equipment and materials fees, post and telecommunications fees, management fees, research review fees, miscellaneous fees, etc.
(12) Bibliography and Appendix: The research plan itself is quite academic. A formal research plan requires a list of references or bibliographies, and relevant materials can be used as appendices when necessary.
The above 12 aspects roughly contain the basic structure and content of a formal and strict research plan. In the actual process of writing the research plan, we can make some appropriate additions, deletions or adjustments according to the purpose, requirements, contents and methods of the research. Moreover, the research plan is not static, and in the process of research, it is inevitable that new factors will intervene in the research, thus affecting the achievement of the original plan. In this case, it is reasonable to adjust the research plan.