The ancient city of Qufu in Ming Dynasty was built to protect Confucius Temple in Ming Dynasty. There are cultural relics in the ancient city, such as Confucius Temple, Confucius House, Yan Temple, Confucius House, Gupanchi Qianlong Palace, which embodies the ancient city style and profound cultural charm of Qufu, the ancient capital of Shandong Province. In the late 1970s, most of the walls of Qufu Ming ancient city were demolished.
Introduction of Confucius Scenic Spot in Qufu Ming Ancient City;
Confucius House, whose real name is Duke House of Feast, is located on the east side of Confucius Temple in Qufu City and is the residence of Confucius' grandson. The Duke of Feast was the title given to Confucius by Song Renzong from the Northern Song Dynasty to the second year of Hehe (AD 1055). The descendants of this title have inherited 32 generations and lasted for 880 years.
The Duke of Feast was a privileged big noble in China feudal society. In the song dynasty, he was equivalent to the eight-product official. In the Yuan Dynasty, he was promoted to the rank of three officials. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, he was a civil servant, and later he was the first in his class. In the Qing Dynasty, he was also chartered to ride horses in the Forbidden City and walk on the Imperial Road.
Covering an area of 240 mu, Confucius House has 463 halls, halls, buildings and rooms. Nine-way courtyard, three-way layout: East Road means East School, and there are big halls, A Mu Grace Hall, Confucius Temple and workshops. West Road is a western school, including Honghuxuan, Zhongshutang, Anhuaitang and Huatang. The main body of Confucius House is in the middle road, with three halls and six halls in front, the inner hall, the front building, the front and rear halls, the annex building and the last six rooms behind, and finally the garden.
Introduction of Kong Lin Scenic Spot in Qufu Ming Ancient City;
Kong Lin, formerly known as Shenglin, is the graveyard of Confucius and his family. After Confucius died, his disciples buried him in Surabaya in the north of Lucheng. At that time, it was still a tomb, not a grave (no high soil uplift). During the Qin and Han Dynasties, although tombs were built very high, there were few cemeteries and only a few forest guards. Later, with the improvement of Confucius' status, the scale of Kong Lin became larger and larger. Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty lived for three years (A.D. 157). Lu built the Confucius Temple, built a sacred gate in front of the tomb, and built a Zhai Su in the southeast, and used several families in Wu primary school to worship and sweep the Confucius Temple. At that time, Konglin was only one hectare. It was not until the Southern and Northern Dynasties that 600 trees were planted. During Song Xuanhe's reign, stone utensils were built in front of Confucius' tomb. From the second year of Shun (A.D. 133 1), Kong specialized in forest walls and built forest gates. In the tenth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1684), Kong Lin expanded to 3,000 mu. In the eighth year of Yongzheng (A.D. 1730), Kong Lin was overhauled, and 25,300 yuan was spent to repair all kinds of gates and workshops, and special personnel were assigned to guard them. According to statistics, since the Han Dynasty, Kong Lin has rebuilt and increased 13 times, planted trees 5 times and expanded forest land 3 times. The wall around Kong Lin is 7.25 kilometers long, more than 3 meters high and about 5 meters thick, with a total area of 2 square kilometers, which is much larger than Qufu City. As a family cemetery, Kong Lin has been buried continuously for more than 2000 years. Here, we can not only inspect the tombs in the Spring and Autumn Period, but also research the tombs in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and also study the political, economic and cultural development and the evolution of funeral customs in China. 196 1 year, the State Council was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
The ancient tomb is a thousand years old, and the forest is cold in May. There are now more than 65,438 million trees in Kong Lin. According to legend, after the death of Confucius, disciples planted strange trees in all directions, so there were many different trees, and the Lu people were unknown from generation to generation. Today, some trees in the forest of Confucius still can't be named. Among them, cypress, juniper, oak, elm, locust, kai, park, maple, poplar, willow, sandalwood, privet, five flavors, cherry blossoms and other trees are intertwined and flourishing; Hundreds of plants, such as wild chrysanthemum, Pinellia ternata, Bupleurum chinense, Pseudostellaria heterophylla and Ganoderma lucidum, also won glory according to the times. Kong Lin is a natural botanical garden. I can't see the broken monument in the deep tree. In the vast forest of Confucius, besides a number of famous Han steles moving into the Confucius Temple, there are many stone steles and stone utensils.
In addition, there are tombstones inscribed by famous calligraphers such as Li Dongyang, Yan Song, Weng Fanggang, He and Kang Youwei in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Therefore, Konglin can also be called a veritable forest of steles.
Introduction of Confucius Temple Scenic Spot in Qufu Ming Ancient City;
Confucius Temple is a temple dedicated to Confucius, a thinker, politician and educator in the Spring and Autumn Period in China feudal dynasty. It is located in the center of Qufu. It is a group of ancient buildings with oriental architectural characteristics, large scale and magnificent momentum.
The Confucius Temple began one year after the death of Confucius (478 BC). Disciples set up the main hall where they lived as a temple, and worshipped it at the age of 18. At that time, there were only three temple houses, which contained clothes, crowns, pianos, cars and books used by Confucius before his death. Since then, successive dynasties have continued to expand. In the first year of Yongxing in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 153), Emperor Huan ordered the construction of Confucius Temple, and Kong He was appointed as the temple keeper and erected a monument in the temple. In the second year of Wei and Huang Dynasties (AD 22 1 year), Emperor Cao Pi wrote to build an ancient temple in Lu County, but the scale of the Confucius Temple was not very large at that time. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the temple looked deserted. In the first year of Xinghe in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (AD 539), the Confucius Temple was restored, and a statue was carved, with ten sons standing beside it, which was the beginning of the statue of Confucius Temple. In the early Tang Dynasty, in addition to building the Duke of Zhou Temple and Confucius Temple in imperial academy, the capital's highest institution of learning, the emperor also built Confucius temples in various counties. The temple was built five times in Tang Dynasty and seven times in Northern Song Dynasty. The biggest one was in the second year of Song Zhenzong Tianxi (A.D. 10 18), and the old system was expanded ... 3 16 hall was expanded. It was repaired four times in Jin Dynasty, six times in Yuan Dynasty and 2 1 time in Ming Dynasty. The biggest one was in the 12th year of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1499), when the Confucius Temple was struck by lightning, more than 20 main buildings such as Dacheng Hall were reduced to ashes. Zhu hurriedly ordered the reconstruction, which lasted for five years and cost 152000 yuan. Confucius Temple was built 14 times in Qing Dynasty. The biggest one was in the second year of Yongzheng (A.D. 1724), when the Confucius Temple was destroyed by thunder and fire. Besides visiting the ancestral temple, Sejong Yin Zhen also sent money to ministers and other supervisors to supervise the restoration work. The scale of the temple system, as well as sacrificial vessels and objects, make these pictures available, and relatives intend to teach them. In order to speed up the project progress, it took 6 years to mobilize 12 government, state and county to order supervision and maintenance.
Historically, the Confucius Temple was overhauled 15 times, moderately repaired 3 1 time, and slightly repaired hundreds of times, which finally formed such a grand scale at present. Now the scale of Confucius Temple was completed in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The building imitates the palace system and is divided into nine courtyards, which run through a north-south central axis and are symmetrically arranged left and right. The whole building complex includes five halls, one pavilion, one altar, two temples and two pavilions 17, with a total of 466 pavilions, which were built in the Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China periods respectively. Confucius Temple covers an area of about 200 mu, with a length of 1 km from north to south. Surrounded by high walls, there are gates and watchtowers. Yellow tile red walls, carved beams and painted buildings, forest of steles, towering ancient trees. In Song Dynasty, Lv Mengzheng wrote: "Cloud walls, wide cornices, heavy doors, wide openings and unique floors. ..... This huge building complex with oriental architectural features, with its large area, majestic spirit, long time and integrity, is called the only isolated case in the history of world architecture by ancient architects. It embodies the blood and sweat of thousands of workers in past dynasties and is the crystallization of the wisdom of working people in China.