Self-education refers to the activities of ideological transformation and behavior control carried out by students to form good ideological and moral character on the basis of self-awareness development, under the influence of education and the guidance of educators. Without students' self-education, ideological and moral education is incomplete and ineffective. As an ideological and political teacher, we should pay attention to cultivating students' conscious initiative in cognitive activities, inspire and help students to carry out self-education, and make their ideological and moral shaping change from heteronomy to self-discipline. How to do this work well and let students' initiative, enthusiasm and consciousness play a dynamic role is a problem worth exploring. Without the consciousness of the educated, there can be no real self-education, and the consciousness of the educated can not be self-generated. It needs the induction and stimulation of the educators, and it needs to proceed from reality and adapt to local conditions.
So, how to cultivate students' awareness and ability of self-education? ? First, we should fully respect and trust students.
First of all, we should respect every student. American philosopher, essayist and poet Ralph Waldo Emerson said, "The secret of successful education lies in respecting students." Respecting and loving students is bound to get feedback from students' love, and this kind of emotional communication between teachers and students is conducive to transforming students' conscious actions and psychological motivation for students' progress.
Second, trust every student. Because trust is a special form of respect and has special functions. Pupils are in the stage of self-knowledge, often willing to show their thoughts, abilities and personalities in front of others, and dare to express their views boldly. Students are particularly eager to gain the trust of teachers, which is a full affirmation of his morality, wisdom, will and ability. This kind of trust in teachers is a spiritual force that encourages children to keep forging ahead and creating constantly, and helps children to consciously correct their mistakes. Therefore, teachers should fully trust students. Because this will have great self-education power for students and enhance their self-confidence and sense of responsibility.
Second, pay attention to the guidance of students.
Primary school students' thoughts are not mature and stereotyped, and they need teachers' help and guidance in many aspects. They should pay attention to the methods of education, and can't preach in emotionless, empty, indifferent, rigid and mechanical language, which can neither arouse students' resonance, nor arouse their rational resonance, let alone produce their due educational function. On the contrary, it is necessary to create appropriate educational situations according to students' personality characteristics and acceptance ability, so that students can receive education unconsciously, understand with reason, move with emotion, guide with action and persevere, thus enabling students to educate themselves. Therefore, we have carried out activities to learn from Lei Feng, so that students can receive education in the activities.
I once read an example in the newspaper: a class teacher stipulated that students should not spit in class, and all offenders would be fined 50 cents. One student violated this regulation and spat, and the class teacher immediately enforced the law after discovering it. The student reluctantly took out one yuan to pay the fine. The class teacher said there was no change. The student gave the class teacher a white look and spat on the floor. The whole class burst into laughter and the teacher was embarrassed? After reflection, the class teacher learned his lesson, returned all the money he had previously fined to the students, and bought a handkerchief for each student with the income from work-study programs in the class, so that the students could take it with them. If you need to spit in class, spit on your handkerchief. There is a spittoon in the corner of the classroom for students to use at ordinary times. In this way, students will be convinced. Third, pay attention to students' self-reflection and improve the teaching effect.
Introspective method refers to a learning method in which students learn from examples according to certain moral principles and norms, and conduct self-experience, self-examination, self-motivation, self-command, self-prohibition, self-supervision, self-control and self-training on their usual learning attitudes, behavior habits and ideological understanding. This method has special significance in the development of students' moral character. After each class, students can have a deeper understanding of themselves through self-evaluation and self-reflection, and learn to control, adjust and dominate their behavior in their future study and life. Introspection can cultivate students' ability of self-evaluation and self-education, help students develop good behavior habits, enhance their consciousness and improve their moral self-discipline. It is the main learning method of ideological and moral course.
Fourth, pay attention to the subjectivity and practicality of student activities.
Zhan Wansheng, director of the Moral Education Research Center of the Central Institute of Education, believes that "classroom education is not equal to moral education. Moral education itself is practical, and moral education without practical links is not a complete moral education." We should change the traditional one-way moral education mode of "I speak, you listen", let students actively participate, teachers and students interact in two ways, and let compulsory requirements become students' conscious actions. Without the active participation of students, even the best educational ideas are just an armchair strategist. Students' self-education can only be realized with the active participation of the subject. For example, the lesson of "caring for flowers and trees" requires students to understand the functions of flowers and trees and how to care for them, so that students can collect information in this area extensively and understand the benefits and related knowledge of greening; Students can find some bad behaviors, such as picking flowers at will and carving words on trees. Let students know its harm and discuss how to care for flowers and trees; You can also let every student do it, such as planting some flowers and trees in person and setting up a "love green" public welfare sign. Compared with traditional teaching methods, this method has more "stamina" and is more conducive to students' cognition, understanding and internalization into behavior; Another example is that the junior military academy organizes students to participate in military training activities, guiding students to establish national defense consciousness from childhood, and at the same time cultivating students' spirit of hard work, honing their strong will, enhancing their courage to overcome difficulties, promoting their healthy growth and cultivating good behavior habits, so as to achieve the purpose of self-education.