catalogue
Students' safety knowledge of preventing drowning.
Student swimming 16 taboo
Students help themselves when swimming is in danger.
Students' safety knowledge of preventing drowning.
First, the matters that students should pay attention to when swimming
1. Before you go near the river, you must get the consent of your family in advance and stay together and take care of each other.
2. Swimming in qualified places with lifeguards. Don't go into the water, especially in the wild. Do not splash water in the water with warning signs such as "No swimming or deep water danger". Don't swim when the wind and waves are too strong and the lights are not good.
3, engaged in any water activities, should wear a life jacket, to ensure safety. Bring all the equipment for launching, and be sure to bring goggles. Go into the water without jeans or pants.
4. When the physical and mental condition is not good, such as fatigue, satiety, hunger, illness, bad mood, drunkenness, etc., it is not suitable for rowing. Not suitable for people with open wounds, skin diseases and eye diseases to swim, especially those with heart diseases and infectious diseases.
5. Unknown river topography or water depth are not suitable for diving. The water is shallow and there are too many divers. People with poor diving skills should not dive into deep water rashly, so as not to endanger their lives.
6. Don't go swimming or paddling in waters, rivers, ponds and puddles with unknown terrain to avoid danger. The water temperature is too low and too cold to swim. Prepare the land before swimming to avoid muscle cramps caused by cold water stimulation. Don't panic, don't mess in the water. If you have a cramp, please keep calm and drift backwards.
7. Beware of the undercurrent vortex in the river. If you don't know the underwater situation, you may have to pay a great price if you rush into the water or ignore the hidden dangers in the vast waters.
8. It is forbidden to play jokes on your partner when swimming, especially those who are not good at swimming.
9. Take part in cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and self-help training in water whenever possible. If you encounter a dangerous situation, you should first keep calm and call for help.
10. In case of drowning, you can use bamboo poles, branches, ropes, clothes or floating objects for rescue, and call for help at the same time. If you are not sure, don't go into the water to save people. If you are not skilled in life-saving technology, don't save yourself.
165438+ Choose a good swimming place and have a clear understanding of the environment of the place, such as whether the reservoir and bathing place are sanitary, whether the water surface is flat, whether there are reefs, undercurrents, weeds and the depth of water.
12, you must be organized and swim under the guidance of a teacher or someone familiar with water. Take care of each other. If a collective organization goes swimming, it is necessary to count the number of people before and after launching and designate lifeguards for safety protection.
13, be clear about your health, and people who are prone to cramps in their limbs should not take part in swimming or swim in deep water. Get ready before you go into the water and exercise first. If the water temperature is too low, wash your body with shallow water first, and then go swimming after getting used to the water temperature. Students with dentures should take them off to prevent them from falling into the esophagus or trachea when choking.
14, be self-aware of your own water, don't show off after entering the water, don't dive and snorkel rashly, and don't fight with each other to avoid drowning. Don't swim in rapids and eddies.
15. If you suddenly feel unwell during swimming, such as dizziness, nausea, palpitation and shortness of breath, you should immediately go ashore to rest or call for help.
16. When swimming, don't panic if your calf or leg cramps. You can kick or jump hard, massage and cramp, and call your peers for help.
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Student swimming 16 taboo
1, avoid swimming before and after meals. Swimming on an empty stomach will affect appetite and digestive function, and there will be accidents such as dizziness and fatigue during swimming. Swimming with a full stomach will also affect the digestive function, and it will also cause stomach cramps and even vomiting and abdominal pain.
2. Avoid swimming after strenuous exercise. Swimming immediately after strenuous exercise will increase the burden on the heart; A sudden drop in body temperature will weaken resistance and cause colds, pharyngitis and so on.
3, avoid swimming during menstruation. Swimming during menstruation, germs easily enter the uterus, fallopian tubes and other places, causing infection, leading to irregular menstruation, excessive menstruation and prolonged menstruation.
4. Avoid swimming in unfamiliar waters. When swimming in natural waters, avoid rushing into the water. Under complicated circumstances, it is not advisable to swim around the water surface and underwater to avoid accidents.
5. Avoid swimming for a long time. Long-term exposure can cause sunburn or acute dermatitis, also known as sunburn. In order to prevent sunburn, it is best to use an umbrella to shade the sun after landing, or rest in a cool place, or use a bath towel to protect the skin, or apply sunscreen to exposed parts of the body.
6. Avoid swimming immediately without warm-up activities. The water temperature is usually lower than the body temperature. Therefore, warm-up activities must be done before entering the water, otherwise it will easily lead to physical discomfort.
7. Avoid eating immediately after swimming. It is advisable to have a rest before eating after swimming, otherwise it will suddenly increase the burden on the gastrointestinal tract, which will easily lead to gastrointestinal diseases after a long time.
8. Avoid swimming for too long. Skin generally has three reaction periods to cold stimulation. The first stage: after entering the water, stimulated by cold, the skin blood vessels contract and the skin color is pale. The second stage: after staying in the water for a certain period of time, the blood flow on the body surface expands, the skin turns from pale to reddish, and the skin turns from cold to warm. The third stage: the stay time is too long, the heat dissipation of body temperature is greater than fever, and the skin has goose bumps and chills. This is a taboo period for summer outing, so leave the water in time. Generally speaking, the swimming time should not exceed 1.5-2 hours.
9. Avoid people with a history of epilepsy swimming. Whether it is a big attack or a small attack, there is a sudden loss of consciousness during the attack. If it is suddenly induced in swimming, it will be "catastrophic".
10, patients with hypertension should avoid swimming. Especially for intractable hypertension, drugs are difficult to control, and swimming has the potential risk of inducing stroke, which should be absolutely avoided.
1 1. Patients with heart disease should avoid swimming. For patients with congenital heart disease, severe coronary heart disease, rheumatic valvular disease and severe arrhythmia, "stay away from swimming".
12, swimming is forbidden for otitis media. Whether it is chronic or acute otitis media, water entering the inflamed middle ear is equivalent to "adding insult to injury", which aggravates the condition and even causes intracranial infection.
13. Don't swim in acute conjunctivitis. The virus of this disease, especially in swimming pools, spreads at an alarming speed and has an alarming range. Even healthy people should avoid swimming in the swimming pool in the popular season.
14, some skin diseases avoid swimming, such as various tinea and allergic skin diseases, which not only induce urticaria and contact dermatitis, but also easily aggravate the condition.
15, avoid swimming after drinking. A large amount of glucose stored in swimming after drinking can cause hypoglycemia. In addition, alcohol can inhibit the normal physiological function of the liver and hinder the transformation and storage of glucose in the body, thus causing accidents.
16 to avoid neglecting the hygiene after swimming. After swimming, wipe off the scale with a soft dry towel, drop chloramphenicol or boric acid eye drops, and blow out nasal secretions. If there is water in your ears, you can use "jumping on the same side" to discharge the water. Then do some relaxation gymnastics and body massage or take a nap in the sun 15-20 minutes to avoid muscle stiffness and fatigue.
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Students help themselves when swimming is in danger.
Accidents often encountered in swimming include cramps, fatigue, whirlpools, sharp waves and so on. Mastering certain self-help skills can eliminate danger or buy time to wait for others to save you. When you encounter an accident in swimming, you should be calm and save yourself according to certain methods. If it is really not possible, send out a distress signal so as to get help and rescue from peers or rescuers in time. In the following cases, self-help methods can be adopted:
(a) water cramp self-help method; The main parts of cramps are calves and thighs, and sometimes fingers, toes and stomach also occur. The main reasons for cramps are that there is no or insufficient warm-up activity before entering the water, the organs and muscle tissues of the body are inactive, and after entering the water, they suddenly do violent kicking and paddling, or cramps occur because the muscles suddenly contract due to cold water. Swimming for a long time, excessive fatigue and physical exertion, a lot of heat dissipation in the body or mental tension, swimming movements are not coordinated, cramps can also occur. Don't panic when you have cramps while swimming. Be sure to stay calm, stop swimming, float on your back, and take different methods to save yourself according to different parts. If the calf cramp is caused by fatigue caused by low water temperature, the body can lie on its back. Hold the toe of the cramped leg with your hand, pull it up hard to straighten the cramped leg, step on the water with the other foot, and paddle with the other hand to help the body float, and it will return to normal for many times in a row. After landing, knead it into a mountain point or a weizhong point with your fingertips and massage it. When your hands cramp, you should make a fist quickly, then straighten it hard and repeat it many times until you recover. If one hand cramps, in addition to the above actions, you can also massage Hegu, Neiguan and Waiguan points. For upper abdominal muscle spasm, you can pinch Zhongwan point (four inches above the umbilicus), cooperate with Zusanli point, or lie on your back in the water, bend your legs to the abdominal wall, then straighten them and repeat them several times. After pulling the tendons, swim back to the shore in a different swimming position. If you have to still use the same swimming posture, you should be wary of cramping again.
(2) Water grass self-help method. Rivers, lakes and berths near the shore or shallow places generally have weeds or silt. Swimmers should try to avoid swimming in these places. What should I do if I am unfortunately entangled in aquatic plants or stuck in the mud? First of all, be calm, don't step on the water, and don't tamper with it, otherwise it will make it harder for your limbs to get rid of it, or get deeper and deeper in the mud. Use backstroke (legs straight, palms back) to slowly back along the original path. Or lie flat on the water, let your legs separate and let go with your hands. & lt If you carry a knife with you, you can cut weeds, or try to kick them away or smooth your hands and feet like socks. When you can't get rid of yourself, call for help in time. After removing the aquatic plants, kick and swim lightly and leave the place where the aquatic plants are overgrown as soon as possible.
(3) Self-rescue method of trapped vortex. Vortex will appear where the river suddenly widens, narrows and twists and turns, where there are prominent rocks at the bottom of the water, deep pools with depressions and uneven riverbeds. When flash floods and the river surges, the vortex is the most. There are always whirlpools at the seaside, so pay more attention. Where there is a whirlpool, garbage and leaves often swirl around the whirlpool on the water. As long as you pay attention, you can find it early and try to avoid approaching. If you are close, don't step in the water. You should lie flat on the water at once and swim and crawl quickly along the whirlpool. Because of the weak attraction of the vortex edge, it is not easy to get involved in large objects, so the body must lie flat on the water, and must not step on the water or dive vertically into the water.
(4) Fatigue self-help method. Swimming after fatigue or excessive fatigue is easy to cause cramps or drowning due to physical exhaustion. What should I do in this situation? & lt If you feel cold or tired, you should swim back to the shore immediately. If you are far away from the shore, or too tired to return to the shore at once, float on the water to save your strength. Raise a hand, relax and let the other person save you. Don't cling to the rescuer. If no one comes, continue to float on the water and swim back to the shore when your physical strength is restored.
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