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Short answer/essay question: Schools that have passed the exam: (10 Fushi Normal University? 10 Shi Tian university? 13 Shandong Normal University? Liaoning Normal University? 16 northwest normal university? 19 Nanjing Normal University? 2 1 cloud normal university? 2 1 Suzhou university)
Importance of knowledge points: ★★★☆ (very important)
Title: Briefly describe/discuss three famous student movements in the history of Song Dynasty.
Answer:
? The Northern Song Dynasty carried out the policy of respecting culture and attached importance to recruiting talents through the imperial examination system, but neglected to promote learning and cultivate talents. As a result, school education has been greatly impacted, and the country is deeply short of talents. Therefore, the policy of "promoting culture and education" in the early Song Dynasty was mainly manifested in attaching importance to the imperial examination for more than 80 years, and then the focus of this policy shifted to promoting learning and cultivating talents. In the history of the Song Dynasty, there were three learning movements aimed at reforming the imperial examination and strengthening school education.
? 1. The first time I started studying, I was presided over by Fan Zhongyan in Song Renzong for four years. Historically known as "Celebrating Learning", its main contents are as follows:
? (1) To ensure the normal teaching order in schools, local schools are generally set up. It is stipulated that Jinshi who take the imperial examination must study in school for 300 days to ensure the normal teaching order of the school.
? ② Reform imperial academy; Introduce Hu Yuan's "Su Hu Teaching Method". Hu Yuan's "Su Hu Teaching Method" was introduced into imperial academy, and a compulsory and optional discipline teaching and discipline system was established, which reflected the criticism of education at that time.
? (3) Reform the content of imperial examinations, instead of sticking to classics and meaning, focusing on strategy, poetry and Confucian classics. Ming Fake tries cases and attaches importance to practical ability.
? 2. The second time was when Wang Anshi presided over the reign of Ning, which was called "Ning Xing Xue" in history. The main contents are as follows:
? ① Restore and develop local schools. First, set up academic officers who are fully responsible for the management of local education, and local governments are not allowed to interfere in school affairs at will; Second, the imperial court allocated land for local schools, which provided a guarantee for maintaining the material conditions of state and county schools.
? (2) Restore and establish specialized schools in martial arts, law and medicine, and train talents with special skills. ?
? (3) Reform imperial academy and establish "Three She Laws". "Miyake Law" is a system that divides imperial academy into outer houses, inner houses and upper houses, and students are promoted in turn according to their grades.
? (4) Write Three Classics and New Meanings as a unified teaching material. In order to unify the study of Confucian classics, Xining established the Bureau of Confucian Classics in six years, and Wang Anshi personally compiled three books on Confucian Classics: The Book of Songs, Shangshu and Zhou Li. Officially promulgated by the imperial court, it has become the standard textbook on which official examinations and lectures are based.
3. The third promotion of learning was presided over by Cai Jing during the period of worshipping Ning in Song Huizong, which was called "worshipping Ning to promote learning" in history. The main contents are as follows:
? Local schools are generally established all over the country. So far, a school network has been formed in all parts of the country, which far exceeds any previous one in terms of quantity, scale and distribution.
? (2) Establish a three-level academic system of county study, state study and business study. Candidates from county schools are promoted to state schools, and students from state schools are promoted to different schools in imperial academy according to their grades. Those with high grades will be upgraded to upper rooms, those with medium grades will be upgraded to lower rooms and upper rooms, those with low grades will be upgraded to inner rooms, and the rest will be upgraded to outer rooms. This academic system had a far-reaching impact on school education in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.
? (3) The development of imperial academy. In the first year of Chongning, Biyong, also known as "foreign learning", was the outer court of imperial academy. At the same time, imperial academy implemented the "three-she method" and the integral method, which increased the number of students.
? (4) resume the establishment of medicine and set up specialized schools for arithmetic, calligraphy and painting. Chongning Painting School is the only specialized art school in ancient China.
? (5) After the imperial examination, he was admitted to the school. This is a major reform of the system of taking scholars.
? Influence: Although the first two times didn't achieve the expected results, the three school-promoting movements above the Northern Song Dynasty made the education in the Song Dynasty take a big step forward to varying degrees. Compared with the previous two times, the third school promotion promoted the development of education in the Northern Song Dynasty, which was the most direct and important embodiment of the cultural and educational policies in the Northern Song Dynasty.
The above content comes from -333 sunflower dictionary formula notes.