The Historical Evolution of Educational Administration Institutions In the Zhou Dynasty, the educational administration institutions in China set up "Da Situ" to manage the education in the whole country. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty promoted imperial academy, appointed masters and formulated the system of doctoral disciples. When Wang Mang was in power, in order to win education, he ordered the world to establish academic officials and promote rural studies. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty ordered the Guo Zi Temple to be renamed imperial academy, and set up a drinking ceremony to manage it. Under the system of Tang and Sui Dynasties, imperial academy, Hong Wen and Chongwen were established, and a librarian was set up to manage them. From the Yuan Dynasty to the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1269), the imperial edict set up schools and professors in various roads. In the twenty-fourth year of Zhiyuan, there was also a Confucian promotion department in Jiangnan. In the early Qing Dynasty, the imperial academy system was restored, and the province was set up to learn Taoism, which was later changed to Taoism. In the late Qing Dynasty, the Department was established, and imperial academy affairs were merged into the Department. After the Revolution of 1911, the government of the Republic of China was changed to the Ministry of Education. 1949 After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Ministry of Education was set up to manage national education.
From 1862 (the first year of Tongzhi) to 1898 (the twenty-fourth year of Guangxu), there were wentongtang (1862), dialect hall (1863) and Beiyang Chinese and Western School (1899) in China. The foreign teachers in these schools have adopted and disseminated the ideas, theories, systems and methods of foreign school management to varying degrees. In this issue, China published books written by foreign missionaries about the education system and school system in western countries, such as school profile in Germany by Fan Zhi 'an, a missionary of the German fraternity, and A Compendium of New Learning in Seven Countries by timothy richard, a missionary of the British Baptist Church.
1898, the imperial edict of Guangxu changed the law, made it clear that the Chinese and western countries were well versed in it, and set up a government-run bookstore to publish the Essentials of Chinese and Foreign Countries, and compiled and published many books on school management, such as School Management Law edited by Tian Zhongjing (190 1) and Questions and Answers on School Management Law translated by Shao Xi [5].
During this period, China's education administrative departments paid more attention to the role of education management in school work. Zhang Baixi, Rong Qing, Zhang Zhidong and others once put forward in the "Educational Program" that "the importance of a school is not only for teachers, but especially for those who manage the school. They must have a solid knowledge of teaching methods and management methods. Those who have not done it can start it, and those who have done it can get the law; Otherwise, it is difficult to achieve results and it is harmful. " . For remote places that have no conditions to study abroad, it is also required to purchase widely compiled and published books such as pedagogy, school management law and educational administrative law to improve the standardization and efficiency of running schools. Due to the advocacy of Zhang Baixi and others, academic officials in some places have clearly instructed their school inspectors, principals and directors to "read books such as School Management Law and School Hygiene every day, with a limit of five pages per day, and inspectors can check them at any time. If supervisors, directors and other officials don't understand the meaning, they can't understand a word, and they have no experience in managing them. They will be allowed to replace them with local officials immediately. "
1903 (in the 29th year of Guangxu), Zhang Baixi and others stipulated in the school charter that teachers are divided into two classes, namely, primary teachers and excellent teachers. Among the courses set up in the Constitution of Primary Normal School, the course of educational management began to be set up, among which two subjects, educational law and school management, can be said to be the initial form of educational management discipline in China. There are two subjects in the course set by the articles of association of excellent normal schools: school hygiene and education law. 1June, 906 (Guangxu 32 years) There is also a school management law in the general course of undergraduate public compulsory subjects in excellent normal schools. At that time, the number of educational management works edited, sorted out and published also increased.
From 19 12 to 192 1, the subjects in the curriculum standards of higher normal schools published by the Ministry of Education of the Kuomintang government are: school hygiene and education law. School health and education law was a compulsory public course for all undergraduate departments (departments) of normal universities at that time. This stage is the prosperous period of early normal education in China, and the education management course, as a professional compulsory course and a public compulsory course in normal universities, has also been paid attention to.
From 1922 to 1929 With the change of China's normal education system, the curriculum system of normal schools has also undergone some changes. For example, some six-year normal schools offer education management courses such as "primary school administration", "school administration and organization" and "school management". After the major adjustment of normal universities, the only public course offered by the Education Department of Beijing Normal University, which has not been adjusted and merged, still regards "educational administration" as a compulsory course for the fourth grade.