Compulsory Education Curriculum Standard Experimental Textbooks compiled by People's Education Publishing House, Curriculum Textbook Research Institute and Primary Mathematics Curriculum Textbook Research and Development Center.
The second volume of mathematics for the fourth grade is based on the basic ideas and prescribed teaching contents of "Mathematics Curriculum Standard for Full-time Compulsory Education (Experimental Draft)", and is compiled on the basis of summarizing the research and experience of using the current mathematics textbooks for primary schools in nine-year compulsory education. On the one hand, the editor tries to embody the new concept of teaching materials, teaching and learning, and at the same time pays attention to the feasibility of the measures taken to make the experimental teaching materials innovative, practical and open. On the other hand, editors pay attention to the relationship between inheritance and development, which not only embodies the new concept of mathematics education reform, but also maintains the fine tradition of mathematics education in China, making the teaching materials basic, rich and developmental.
First, the teaching content and teaching objectives
This textbook includes the following contents: the meaning and nature of decimals, addition and subtraction of decimals, four operations, operation rules and simple calculations, triangles, positions and directions, statistical charts of broken lines, mathematical wide-angle and comprehensive application activities of mathematics. The significance and nature of decimals, addition and subtraction of decimals, operation rules and simple calculations, and triangles are the key teaching contents of this textbook. In terms of number and calculation, this textbook arranges the meaning and nature of decimals, addition and subtraction of decimals, four operations, algorithms and simple operations. Decimals are widely used in daily life, and the knowledge about the concept of decimals and the four arithmetic abilities of decimals is the basic knowledge and ability that primary school students should master and form. Students already know the simple decimal in the first class and can calculate the addition and subtraction of a decimal. In this semester, students will systematically learn the meaning and nature of decimals, the comparison of decimal size, the change of decimal size caused by the movement of decimal position, and learn more complicated addition and subtraction of decimals. Make students understand the meaning of decimals well, express and exchange information with decimals, and initially learn to solve problems with decimal knowledge. The knowledge about the order and law of the four operations is also the basic knowledge of calculation that primary school students should master, and in the first phase, students have been exposed to mixed operations and other related contents, learned the mixed operation formula problems calculated from left to right in turn, and initially understood the role of brackets. This semester, students will systematically learn the operation order of mixed operations, focusing on the operation order of elementary arithmetic of secondary operations, laying the foundation for learning to list comprehensive formulas to solve problems; On the other hand, the arithmetic is mainly based on students' intuitive understanding, summarizing the arithmetic of addition and multiplication, and learning to use the arithmetic to perform simple operations. In terms of space and graphics, this textbook arranges two units: position and direction and triangle, which is the difficulty or key teaching content of this textbook. On the basis of existing knowledge and experience, through rich mathematical activities, students can further understand the characteristics of triangles and the method of determining their positions. Enable students to further develop the concept of space, improve their observation ability and hands-on operation ability, and gain inquiry learning experience in the activities of exploring the characteristics and transformation of graphics and determining the position of objects according to direction and distance.
In terms of statistical knowledge, this textbook has arranged a broken line statistical chart. Let students learn to make simple broken-line statistical charts according to the data in statistical tables, learn to understand this statistical chart, learn to analyze the changing trend of data according to statistical charts and data, further understand the role of statistics in real life and form the concept of statistics.
In solving problems with mathematics, on the one hand, the textbook combines the calculation content and uses the knowledge of four integer operations and decimal addition and subtraction operations to solve simple problems in life; On the other hand, the teaching content of "Mathematics Wide Angle" is arranged to guide students to experience the mathematical thinking method of planting trees and feel the charm of mathematics through observation, speculation, experiment and reasoning. At the same time, let students learn to solve some simple practical problems by planting trees, cultivate students' ability of observation, analysis and reasoning, and cultivate their interest in exploring mathematical problems and their awareness of discovering and appreciating mathematical beauty.
According to students' mathematical knowledge and life experience, this textbook arranges two practical activities of comprehensive applied mathematics-"Nutrition Lunch" and "Little Housekeeper", so that students can use their knowledge to solve problems, experience the fun of exploration and the practical application of mathematics, feel the fun of using mathematics and cultivate their mathematical consciousness and practical ability through group cooperative inquiry activities or inquiry activities with realistic background.