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As soon as I started working, I was the head teacher of Class One and Two in Senior High School. A month has passed, and there is basically no quiet time in the self-study class in my class. Students strung tables at will, laughing and slapping, and paper planes flying around the classroom. I severely reprimanded, smashed the chalk box, grabbed a few naughty heads and made them stand as punishment, let them write, check and clean up ... I tried one method after another, but the effect was minimal. Teacher Yang's class next door is always quiet. I walked in front of their class several times and found that Mr. Yang was just sitting on the podium reading, and the students were studying quietly.

I wonder, what "magic power" does Teacher Yang have to keep students so quiet? I asked her how to manage her students. She smiled and said, "I'm actually a bit' irresponsible'. When they were frolicking, I just read there and didn't say a word. Slowly, they became quiet. " She said, but I know that things have never been that simple. Seeing my puzzled look, Teacher Yang explained to me ingeniously: "I have seen two paintings, both of which are called silence. A picture is a lake, as calm as a mirror, with mountains and flowers in the distance reflected in it; The other picture is a waterfall with rapids, a small tree next to it, and a bird's nest on the twig. There is a lovely bird sleeping in the bird's nest. Which picture do you think is better? "

I thought for a moment and replied, "The latter is better. By comparing the details of waterfalls and sleeping birds, the inner peace is highlighted. "

"That's right." Teacher Yang smiled and said, "Don't they all like to make trouble? Then let me make a dynamic-static comparison. A person quietly reading, quietly looking at me. How dare they play again? Do you know that?/You know what? Sometimes silence is more powerful than noise. " I was suddenly enlightened.

Question: Please use materials to evaluate Mr. Yang's educational behavior from the perspective of teachers' professional ethics. (14)

analyse

The topic requires analysis from the perspective of teachers' professional ethics. Teachers' professional ethics includes five aspects: "three loves, two people and life". It is necessary to analyze the materials one by one and answer which one is reflected in the materials.

Reference answer

In the materials, Mr. Yang's educational behavior has practiced teachers' professional ethics, which is worth affirming and learning.

(1) Teachers' professional ethics require teachers to care for their students. We should care for and care for students, respect their personality, and do not satirize, dig at or discriminate against students, or corporal punishment in disguised form. We should be kind to students and be good teachers and friends. Contrary to such behaviors as "sharply reprimanding, throwing a chalk box, and making a stand for punishment", Mr. Yang used silent actions to edify and infect students and calm them down, which reflected teachers' respect and care for students.

(2) Teachers' professional ethics require teachers to be teachers. We should stick to noble sentiments, be strict with ourselves and set an example. Teacher Yang understands the significance of education through his own study, makes students really learn through his own demonstration, and sets a good example for students by using dynamic and static contrast.

(3) Teachers' professional ethics requires teachers to teach and educate people. Follow the laws of education, implement quality education, convince people by reasoning, teach people tirelessly, and teach students in accordance with their aptitude. Teacher Yang Can respects students' noisy characteristics and the laws of education and teaching. In the face of students' noisy classroom, he set an example of "reading quietly", educating and influencing students to keep the classroom quiet and concentrate on classroom learning.

In a word, education is an art, and teachers' behavior will affect students' future growth and development. We are about to take up the post of teacher, so we should always keep in mind the requirements of teachers' professional ethics and actively practice them in education and teaching activities.

In the most fundamental sense, literature is a cause of seeking identity-the author seeks understanding and bosom friend through writing; On the other hand, readers find the author through reading and establish identity with him. By distinguishing different types of readers and using corresponding language and narrative strategies for specific readers, writers provide them with reading materials, thus gaining recognition from readers and the market. But in fact, literary writing in the true sense not only considers real readers, but also seeks the approval of future and possible readers.

For example, in the ancient society where literature publishing, printing and dissemination were underdeveloped, the dissemination of writers' works in the contemporary world was greatly restricted. For ancient writers, most of their writing didn't have any commercial remuneration, and there were few real readers. Because of this, only by imagining future readers can we get the basic motivation for writing. This is what the so-called "article lasts forever" means. In modern society, many writers' writing is also future-oriented, which was unknown at that time, but it has become a generation of classics in later generations and even in the history of modern literature. Therefore, literature itself has a certain "visited" nature: writers are a bit like people who build islands on the vast sea, while readers are like sailors and travelers. The reason why writers build islands in loneliness is, of course, that they hope to meet their readers one day.

For other writers, their eyes will also turn to the past, and they try to have a dialogue with those literary predecessors who have long passed away. In a sense, they are talking with the literary standards established by their predecessors, and of course they are talking with their inner goals. Every excellent writer has a secret and clear goal in mind. Readers and society agree that it is one thing for him to succeed in business, but whether he can approach and achieve this goal is another matter.

As far as China literature is concerned, Li Bai, Du Fu, Su Shi, Cao Xueqin and others have established the standards of classical literature. Mr. Lu Xun represents the new height of China's literature and thought since modern times. It can also be said that we are actually facing two traditions. We are protected by them, share their literary resources and pay tribute to them. At the same time, we are also talking to them and trying new literary changes. Therefore, any valuable writing is a response to tradition, even if it is a question and challenge to tradition, it is also an important response.

Therefore, strictly speaking, readers' imagination in a writer's writing is not only a process of seeking readers' recognition in reality and in the future, but also a process of reconfirming tradition. In my opinion, only writing that is open to the past, the present and the future can be called open writing. (Excerpted from Ge Fei's Literature Seeking Readers' Recognition)

Question:

(1) What is the meaning of "identity" in the underlined sentence "Literature is the cause of seeking identity"? Please summarize it briefly. (4 points)

(2) How to understand the "open writing" mentioned at the end of the article? Please combine the text and make a brief analysis. (10)

analyse

The first question requires us to answer the meaning of "identity", which belongs to content understanding. Because it is a 4-point summary question, we should pay attention to the key words in the text. The second question requires us to answer the meaning of "open writing" and analyze it in combination with the text, so it is also a topic of content understanding in essence. Be careful not to give play to your personal opinions at will, because it is not a topic of conceptual exploration.

Reference answer

(1) Identification refers to conceptual identification and support, and ideological identification and approval. The author can make readers understand and resonate through writing, and readers can understand the author's thoughts and concepts through reading. The two should agree with each other and fit each other.

(2) "Open writing" refers to the writer's imagination of potential readers in his writing, including both current and future readers and the recognition of existing traditions; In other words, a good literary creation should have a pioneering vision of the past, reality and future.

First of all, most writers in today's era are used to writing for real readers, using corresponding language and narrative strategies to provide them with reading materials, thus gaining recognition from readers and the market.

However, literary writing in the true sense not only considers realistic readers, but also seeks the recognition of future and possible readers. For example, many authors in ancient society and modern society will look for future readers. Because literature itself has the nature of "to be visited", it is futuristic and imaginative, and the author can build an island in loneliness and look forward to meeting readers in the future.

Of course, there are some writers in modern society who look back and have a dialogue with the literary standards of their predecessors or pioneers and their inner goals. For example, Mr. Lu Xun is the representative of tradition, trying to make new literary changes, which has become a new height of China's literature and thought since modern times. Therefore, any valuable writing is a response to tradition, even if it is a question and challenge to tradition, it is also an important response.

Therefore, "open writing" should refer to writing with clear writing objectives, which is based on tradition and reality, and is futuristic and pioneering.

The teaching content of this lesson is to guide students to appreciate several calligraphy and paintings, one of which is Zheng Banqiao's Silk and Bamboo Map. However, many students in the classroom said that they did not understand Chinese painting and could not talk about their own experiences, so the classroom was silent.

Seeing this situation, teachers immediately adjusted their teaching ideas, no longer requiring students to talk about experience, but proceeding from the reality of students. Start with the bamboo they are most familiar with and guide them to open their minds. The teacher gave a learning task "Think from bamboo …" and asked students to imagine from different angles and aspects. Soon the students entered the state and became very enthusiastic in their speeches.

The student said: "The shape of bamboo is not as luxurious as peony flowers, it is unpretentious." "Bamboo is hollow and straight outside, just like people's character-modesty and integrity." "Think of people's integrity from the straightness of bamboo." "Bamboo is lush all year round, which shows that he is not afraid of cold and heat." "Bamboo wants nothing from people-no irrigation, no fertilization; There are many things for people-bamboo shoots, bamboo poles and bamboo leaves have their own uses. " Some students quoted that "the reeds on the wall are heavy and the roots are shallow, and the bamboo shoots on the top of the mountain are thick and empty", saying that some people are flashy.

Students are highly concentrated and express their opinions. After talking about bamboo and then looking at paintings, students have an understanding and view of paintings, and their speeches are more enthusiastic. In the speech, the students talked about bamboo and painting, which not only cultivated students' aesthetic interest, but also made them understand many principles of being a man.

After class, the teacher reflected on this teaching behavior.

Question:

Please use materials to comment on the teacher's teaching behavior from the perspective of students. (14)

analyse

Teachers' behavior in the materials reflects the requirements of the people-oriented view of students. Specifically, teachers regard students as developing people, unique people and subjective people. Pay attention to the overall structure of the total score when answering questions, and answer questions at different levels.

Reference answer

Teachers' educational behavior in textbooks is appropriate, which meets the relevant requirements of modern people-oriented and students' all-round development concept.

(1) Students are developing people with great development potential. Teachers should treat students with a developmental perspective and promote their development. After the silence in the classroom, the teacher in the material adjusted the teaching ideas and started from the students' reality to help them open their minds. Students quickly understand the situation and become enthusiastic in their speeches, which shows that students are developing people.

(2) Students are unique people, and there are huge individual differences between students and between students and adults. Every student is a complete person and has his own uniqueness. We should teach students in accordance with their aptitude. In the materials, students treat the same thing, and different students have different views and ideas, which shows that students are unique people.

(3) Students are the main body of development, and they are in a dominant position in education and teaching activities, with subjective needs and individual independence. We should respect students' subjectivity. In the materials, the teacher did not tell the students the answer directly, but guided the students to find the answer independently by changing the teaching ideas, which cultivated the students' sentiment and reflected the teacher's respect for the students' subjective status.

In short, we should learn from the teachers' practices in the textbooks and regard the development of students as the starting point and destination of education.

After graduating from Normal University, Bin Sun became a Chinese teacher by her own efforts. A few years before work, in order to adapt to the teaching work, he learned from other colleagues, and his teaching level gradually improved, and his teaching effect was recognized by his parents. At this time, he thinks that teaching is not mysterious, and his experience, knowledge and ability are enough to cope. There is no need to continue to study teaching.

One day, the parents of several students found Mr. Sun, hoping that he could help their children with their studies after class. Mr. Sun thought it would help to improve students' grades and agreed. At the end of the tutorial, his parents gave him a considerable tuition fee to thank Mr. Sun, who declined politely but had to accept it.

Since then, more and more students have come to Mr. Sun to make up lessons, and students from other classes and even other schools have also come to him. In order to ensure the effect of tutoring, Mr. Sun often links classroom teaching with after-class tutoring, and also specially compiles a series of learning materials, charging only cost and hard work. With the expansion of the number of students participating in counseling, there is not enough room for Mr. Sun's family. So he specially rented a place in the community to facilitate students to participate in counseling. In order to save students the cost of purchasing study materials and tools, Mr. Sun also asked students to buy them themselves. Parents were very satisfied with Mr. Sun's tutoring and gave him a banner.

Question:?

Please use materials to comment on Mr. Sun's educational behavior from the perspective of teachers' professional ethics. (14)

analyse

The description of Mr. Sun in the materials is negative, that is, Mr. Sun does not meet the requirements of teachers' professional ethics. To analyze what he failed to meet, Mr. Sun failed to be patriotic and law-abiding, to be a teacher and to study for life. When answering questions, we should pay attention to the matching of theory and materials, and at the same time use the overall structure of the total score to answer questions at different levels.

Reference answer

Teacher Sun's behavior in the materials does not meet the requirements of teachers' professional ethics.

Teachers' professional ethics require teachers to study all their lives. Teachers are required to respect the scientific spirit, establish the concept of lifelong learning, broaden their knowledge horizons and update their knowledge structure. Concentrate on business, dare to explore and innovate, and constantly improve professional quality and education and teaching level. In the materials, after working for several years, Mr. Sun thinks that his experience, knowledge and ability are enough to cope with, and there is no need to continue to study teaching, which does not meet the requirements of lifelong learning.

Teachers' professional ethics require teachers to be teachers and care about the collective. Unity and cooperation, respect for colleagues and respect for parents; Decent style and integrity; Consciously resist paid tutoring, and do not use the position to seek personal gain. In the materials, Mr. Sun runs extracurricular classes at home and charges students tuition, which violates the requirements of being a teacher by example.

Teachers' professional ethics requires teachers to be patriotic and law-abiding, fully implement the national education policy and consciously abide by education laws and regulations; The right to perform teachers' duties according to law. In the materials, the teacher made up lessons at home, which has violated the provisions of relevant laws and failed to be patriotic and law-abiding.

Teacher Sun's behavior has violated the relevant requirements of teachers' professional ethics, and this phenomenon should be avoided in future teaching behavior.

Innovation is a well-known name. But what does innovation really mean? What challenges does innovation face? Different people may have different opinions. What is innovation needs to be discussed here. If we want to innovate, we must first understand what innovation is.

We have what we know, which is called knowledge. We know what we don't know, such as unsolved problems, unproved guesses, and the technical level we haven't reached, but these are not all. Besides what we know and don't know, there is something we don't know. Scientific research should not only turn what you know and don't know into what you know, but also turn what you don't know into what you know, so as to further turn them into what you know and what you don't know into what you know. This is the most important innovation at the highest level. I don't know anything. I really don't know anything. Doing this kind of scientific research is like a tiger eating the sky, there is no way to eat it.

Turning what you don't know into what you know and don't know is asking questions. Therefore, the more important innovation of science lies in asking questions. To explore new knowledge, we must be able to ask new questions, but asking new questions is not that simple. Usually, if you can tell the problem, it means that it is still within the scope of previous knowledge, maybe it is really not a new problem. Real new problems are often not even said. Because it is aimed at something that no one has seen or thought about, it doesn't even have a name. We don't even have the language to ask questions and can't say anything. I remember reading the story of a primitive tribe when I was a child. This tribe has only four words to count: one, two, three, many, many. When people want to know the number of a herd of deer, they will encounter unclear situations.

Therefore, if you want to ask real new questions, you must let your imagination be free and unrestrained, break through the shackles of language and break through the cage of mathematics. When you feel that you have encountered such a difficult problem, it may be a signal that you have dug a "big gold mine" and touched a new frontier of knowledge. This is an exciting moment, and it is also the artistic conception of Laozi's "Tao can be Tao, extraordinary Tao". In this state without language and mathematics, how can we continue to develop, do research and think? This is the challenge of scientific innovation.

Real scientific innovation has no goal and no direction. Because these goals and directions don't even have names, giving them names is part of scientific innovation. Inventing language and mathematics to describe new knowledge is also a part of scientific innovation. Only when innovation is over can we talk about problems and new knowledge. Therefore, real scientific innovation can't be planned, can't build momentum, and can't be a vigorous and important project.

But as an innovative scientist, if there is no goal and direction, how can the work be carried out? For individuals, the connotation of innovation is to set the standard of beauty. Before innovation, everyone didn't know what beauty was and in what direction to work. At this time, each researcher may have different cognition of beauty, different ways of looking at problems and different directions of efforts. At this time, each researcher may have different cognition of beauty, different ways of looking at problems and different directions of efforts. But slowly, a person's cognition and thinking about beauty will be appreciated and accepted by more and more people, thus becoming the standard of beauty and the direction for everyone to work together. This is the innovation process. Scientific innovation and artistic innovation are closely linked. Of course, scientific innovation needs to be tested by experiments. Innovations that are not recognized by experiments will not be accepted.

Newton's discovery of the law of motion of objects is an innovative example. He realized that the movement of planets in the sky and the falling of apples on the ground were actually the same physical phenomenon. However, when he wanted to quantitatively describe the motion of these objects, he found that he couldn't say anything, because there was no mathematical language to describe uniform motion at that time. So Newton became a mathematician and invented calculus. So that he can write his laws of motion. This is also an example in which physical discovery precedes mathematical discovery.

(Excerpted from Wen Xiaogang's "Innovation is Children's Game")

Question:

(1) How many levels of "innovation" does the article say? Please summarize it briefly. (4 points)

(2) How to deal with the challenge of scientific innovation? Please analyze it briefly. (10)

analyse

The two topics behind this article belong to the topic of content understanding. Generally speaking, the logic of the article is to explain what innovation is first, and then explain how we should carry out scientific innovation. This is a gradual relationship. Whether it is the first question or the second question, we need to grasp the article as a whole in order to answer it accurately. For the first question, because it is only a question of 4 points, it is enough to answer two levels, pay attention to the use of general language; The second question is 10. Pay attention to hierarchy and logic when answering questions.

Reference answer

(1) The article says that there are several levels of innovation. Please summarize briefly.

Two levels, that is, changing "knowing without knowing" into "knowing"; Turn "what you don't know" into "what you know and don't know", thus further turning them into "what you know". Turning "what I don't know" into "what I know" is the highest realm of innovation and the most important innovation. Turning "what we know but don't know" into "know" means that we can change unsolved problems, unconfirmed conjectures, and the technical level we have not yet reached. Understand through continuous technology and ability innovation; The highest level of innovation is to change "I don't know what I don't know" into "I know". In fact, "from scratch" is a brand-new creation and cognition.

(2) How to deal with the challenge of scientific innovation? Please analyze it briefly.

First of all, what are the challenges facing scientific innovation? The article tells us that the more important innovation of science lies in asking questions, but it is not so simple to ask new questions. Often, it is not even a real new problem. Because the new question is aimed at something that no one has thought of or seen. So this thing doesn't even have a name, we don't even have the language to ask questions, and we can't say anything if we have questions. Therefore, in order to meet the challenge, we should let our imagination gallop freely and break through the bondage of language and the cage of mathematics.

Secondly, scientific innovation has no specific goals and directions, because these goals and directions don't even have names.

Thirdly, as a scientific researcher, everyone should have their own understanding of things, and gradually gain recognition through their own understanding of things, which has become our common goal and direction.