The characteristics of primary education include basic, universal, compulsory and comprehensive.

Foundation: China implements a school education system that combines preschool education, primary education, secondary education, higher education and adult education, with primary education as the foundation; Nationwide: in a broad sense, it means that primary education must be open to all; In a narrow sense, it means that primary education must be open to all school-age children.

Compulsory system: primary education is for all school-age children, and any minor citizen must receive primary education as long as he reaches a certain age, regardless of race, nationality, sex, color, language and socio-economic status; Comprehensiveness: Primary education is an all-round education for children's moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic development.

The restrictive relationship between education and social productive forces;

The restrictive effect of productive forces on education is as follows: the development of productive forces determines the determination of educational purposes; The level of productivity restricts the curriculum and teaching content; The development of productive forces restricts the scale and speed of education development and the structure of schools; The level of productivity also restricts teaching methods, teaching means and teaching organization forms.

Education can promote the development of productive forces, mainly in the following aspects: education is a necessary means of labor reproduction; Education is a means of reproduction of scientific knowledge and technology.