First, the definition of scientific pedagogy
Science education is an undergraduate major in colleges and universities, which belongs to pedagogy. The basic study period is four years, and the bachelor's degree in education is awarded.
Cultivate compound talents with good ideological and moral quality, solid knowledge of natural science and strong scientific education ability, who can engage in teaching and research of "science" or "comprehensive practical activities" courses in primary and secondary schools, and engage in basic science teaching and research and scientific popularization education management in educational and scientific research departments and institutions.
II. Introduction to General Pedagogy
General Pedagogy is an educational work created by German educator johann friedrich herbart, which was first published in 1806.
This book is divided into two parts, describing the general purpose of education, various interests and the cultivation of students' character. Herbart proposed that teaching can be divided into four stages: clarity, association, system, method or application. Later generations divided clarity into preparation and prompt, which became a five-stage teaching method with great influence.
Based on psychology, the book requires teachers to carry out teaching activities according to children's psychological status and its laws, which is of great significance to the development of modern western teaching theory.
Educational thought of general pedagogy
1, theoretical basis of educational science
Herbart pointed out that the theoretical system of education has two theoretical foundations, namely ethics and psychology. Among them, ethics explains the purpose of education-morality is the highest purpose of people and education.
Psychology determines the method of education-in order to achieve the highest goal of education, it is necessary to study the psychological activities and laws of the educated in order to find reasonable and effective educational methods.
2. Child management
Herbart believes that children are born with "a kind of disobedience that will be shown everywhere, and this kind of fierceness is the root of disobedience." If we don't "restrain" it from an early age, this "strength" may become an antisocial tendency.
Therefore, we must strengthen the management of children. When managing children, we can adopt the following five methods: threat, supervision, authority and love punishment, and activity. Herbart attaches great importance to the role of punishment in children's management and believes that punishment can help students eliminate rebellious behavior.
3. Teaching theory
Herbart mainly talks about this problem from four aspects. ① Education and teaching. Herbart paid special attention to the role and significance of intellectual education in education and put forward the famous theory of "education and teaching". He regards the realization of educational purpose and the teaching of cultural knowledge as the same process, and thinks that any teaching must be educational, and there is neither "teaching without teaching" nor "teaching without teaching".
Therefore, all the work of the school should be attributed to "education and teaching". 2 various interests. He believes that in the teaching process, "various interests" are the "internal motivation" of students' conscious activities. In other words, if students have various interests, they will actively pursue knowledge and devote themselves to learning to achieve the purpose of teaching.