In the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), Guang Zhi National School was established, and later it was changed to Guang Zhi Senior High School (now Yangwanwei). Since the Republic of China, the education system of "forbearing children and despising ugliness" has been implemented, the classic study in primary schools has been abolished, and primary education has been co-educational. That year, there were five secondary primary schools and six primary schools in the county. In the 6th year of the Republic of China, three schools were established, namely, Li Yucheng Senior High School in the east of Long 'an (now Na Tong Town), Zheng Liyang Senior High School in the west (now Nanxu Township) and Licheng Senior High School in the north (now Jiangyan Town). In 7 years, two primary schools, Qunying and Juxian, were established, 12 years, and Qunxian Primary School (now Dingdang Township) was established in the district. In the eighth year of the Republic of China, three primary schools were established: Li Jingshan Senior Primary School (now Ma Village), Li Xianxian Primary School (now Bai Mawei) and Li Zhendong Primary School.
In the Republic of China 13, Longan second-class primary school, government, Yucheng second-class primary school, Qiaojian second-class primary school, county third-class primary school, Zhengyang fourth-class primary school, Xisi fourth-class primary school and Beichengde fifth-class primary school. In the Republic of China 14, the second-class primary school in Xingxian was changed to the sixth primary school in the county, the Guang Zhi senior high school in the district was changed to the seventh primary school in the county, and the Jingshan senior primary school in the district was changed to the eighth primary school in the county. In the twentieth year of the Republic of China, the district Qunxian Primary School was changed to the ninth primary school in the county, and the district Zhendong Primary School was changed to the tenth primary school in the county. By the 23rd year of the Republic of China, there were 87 primary schools 187 (including central school 10 and village street primary school 177), with 97 students17 and 347 teaching and administrative staff.
In 24 years of the Republic of China, the six-year national basic education plan issued by the province was implemented, and the "trinity" system was implemented. The township head also serves as the head of the village group and the principal of the central school. Township offices, township teams and central schools are co-located, and a central ethnic basic school is established in each township; Each village (street) set up a village (street) national basic school. The county primary school was changed to the national basic school in the township center, and other primary schools were merged into the village (street) national basic school except the center. In the same year, the county official girls' primary school merged with the county first primary school. The primary school system was changed from "63" to "42", that is, four years in junior high school and two years in senior high school. Courses such as Chinese, arithmetic, history, geography, citizenship, pictures, music and physical education are offered. 3 1, the word "foundation" was ordered to be deleted. Since then, primary schools have been divided into "rural central ethnic schools" and "village (street) ethnic schools". In that year, there were 17 ethnic schools in the township center and 245 ethnic schools in the village (street), with 450 classes, 496 teachers and students 14 147, accounting for 8 1. 1% of the children who should go to school.
In 38 years of the Republic of China, there were 60 counties in the county, including Zhongzheng (now Chengxiang), Anliang (now Chengxiang Town), Jiabao (now Nanwei Township), Nanwei, Yangwan, Jiang Yan, Xiaolin, Bogong, Qiao Jian, Banluo, Gutan, Natong, Nazhong, Dingdang, Baima, Yang Min and Liude (now Yanjiang Town).
During the period of 1950, all rural primary schools were unable to attend classes except a primary school in the county town with 74 students. After 195 1 year, there are 17 school districts in the county, including Chengxiang, Zhendong, Nanwei, Datong, Jiang Yan, Liude, Yangwan, Qiao Jian, Banluo, Bogong, Gutan, Xiaolin, Yang Min, Nazhong, Na Tong and Ding. 1953 Du Jie District of Jie Zhen County is under the jurisdiction of Long 'an, and three new school districts, namely Du Jie, Le Tong and Lulian, have been established in the county. That year, in accordance with the unified regulations of the state, primary schools changed the original enrollment in spring and autumn to enrollment in autumn. The academic system still follows the "four-two" segmentation system. Teaching adopts textbooks compiled by the whole country. Chinese, arithmetic, sports and music are offered in primary and secondary schools. High school students have Chinese, arithmetic, abacus, nature, geography, history, sports, pictures and music.
During the period of 1956, the county government's task force of education, science and culture went deep into primary schools in five batches, organized teachers to study the Party's educational policy, helped teachers to establish the sense of honor of people's teachers, and overcome all kinds of incorrect thoughts and behaviors. The county's primary education has achieved new development. 1957, boat people primary school was established in the county. 1958 There are 183 primary schools in the county, with 28,322 students and 634 faculty members, which are 4%, 137% and 68.6% higher than 1949 respectively. 1959 Four new school districts, namely Pingshan, Liu Jia, Buquan and Xinglong, were added.
1960 The country's economic difficulties reduced the number of primary school teachers by 350 in the county. 1963, there are 22,956 primary school students in the county, which is 8.9% less than 1958. 1964 implements two education systems: full-time schools and part-time schools. A number of primary schools (referred to as "farming primary schools" for short) have been set up in the county, with students and teachers working part-time, and the enrollment rate of school-age children has been greatly improved. By 1965, there are 557 primary schools in the county, with 752 teachers and 3400 students1person.
After the "Cultural Revolution" began, all primary schools in the county were closed. 1967, the preparatory primary school in the county was closed for "revolting", the school leaders stood aside, the students let themselves go, and the school rules and regulations disappeared. 1968, each brigade set up a leading group for poor middle peasants' management schools (hereinafter referred to as the poverty management Committee), sent propaganda teams to 23 complete primary schools to lead the "struggle, approval and reform" (there were 25 complete primary schools in the county at that time), and also sent 505 workers, poor peasants and militia to all primary schools as teachers. The Chinese class takes quotations from Chairman Mao and the old three articles as teaching materials, and the mathematics class takes calculating the area related to farmland capital construction as the main teaching content. Abolish the examination system. From 65438 to 0969, all rural primary schools were decentralized to the brigade management, and all public teachers were transferred back to their villages to teach. The teacher's own salary is given to the production team, which pays according to the work. At the same time, the academic system was changed from six years to five years. 1972 implemented the "two estimates" concocted by Jiang Qing's counter-revolutionary group (17 years after liberation, "Chairman Mao's proletarian education line was basically not implemented", "the bourgeoisie specialized in proletarian politics, and most teachers' world outlook was basically bourgeois". Teachers were burdened with heavy thoughts and worried in class. 1974, the criticism of "revisionism" in schools has revived, and respecting teachers and attaching importance to teaching is said to be the dignity of teachers, which makes the teaching order more chaotic. In the same year, primary schools carried out Chairman Mao's "May 7th" instruction, set up schools, organized teachers and students to study engineering and agriculture, set up small farms, small forest farms or small factories in schools, contacted factories and farms outside schools, set up factories and farms in schools on a regular basis, and participated in productive labor in contact units. 1975 launched an "education camp" to carry out the convection between agriculture and education: some teachers were assigned to work in production teams, and an equal number of poor middle peasants were selected from rural areas as "teachers" to take classes in class struggle. The teaching work is in a chaotic state without plan, requirement and system, and students' academic performance is very low.
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the primary education in Longan County gained a new life. Three new school districts, namely Nawan, Longhui and Silian, were added, with a total of 27 school districts in the county. Primary schools conscientiously implement the Party's policy on cadres and intellectuals. Before the "Cultural Revolution", all 67 leaders above the former deputy director of primary schools were restored to their leadership positions. 22 people were rehabilitated for unjust, false and wrong cases, and 29 rightists were corrected for wrong painting. Due to the serious shortage of primary school teachers, 342 primary school teachers who went home to be farmers in 1960 were taken back, the secondary schools attached to primary schools were adjusted and compressed, and 1 17 primary school teachers who taught in the secondary schools were transferred back to primary schools to teach, thus enriching the ranks of primary school teachers. 1980, there were 42 pupils in the county, and the enrollment rate of school-age children reached 96%.
198 1 year later, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council's "Decision on Several Issues of Popularizing Primary Education" were implemented, towns and villages made plans for popularizing primary education and mobilized the masses to build school buildings. 1981-1983, all primary schools in the county maintain more than 20,000 square meters of dangerous houses. 1983 to 1985, there are 20 new primary school buildings in the county. 1984 according to the spirit of institutional reform, the county 128 primary schools adjusted their leadership. Township (town) central schools are equipped with 1 principals, vice principals and teaching directors; Village schools are generally equipped with 1 principal and 65438 director. After adjustment, there are 227 school leaders, with an average age of 465,438+0.5 years (7 years younger than before adjustment). There are 2 people with junior college education, teachers, senior high school 138, 80 people in junior high school and 6 people in primary school. The members of the new team are in their prime of life and have a relatively high educational level. By 1985, there are 10 townships in the county, accounting for 77% of the total number of townships; 88 villages have achieved universal primary education, accounting for 66% of the total number of villages. According to the statistics at the end of the year, there are 133 primary schools and 520 teaching points in the county, totaling 653; There are 4 1257 students and 209/kloc-0 primary school staff (including private). Among them, teachers 1882, accounting for 89.5% of the total number of teaching staff. The enrollment rate of primary school graduates in the county is 60. 1%, which is higher than the whole autonomous region, but lower than the whole country. In the twentieth year of the Republic of China (193 1), the junior middle school in Longan County was established, which was the beginning of the establishment of ordinary middle schools in Longan. That spring, two classes of junior high school freshmen entered school for three years; Attached to the first class of junior teachers, students 127, 6 teachers and 4 employees. In the spring of 3 1, two classes were added in junior high school. Junior high schools focus on preparing for further studies, while junior teachers and junior high schools focus on preparing for employment. The academic system of junior high school is four years. Students can apply for high school after three years of study, and can serve for more than two years after graduation to be admitted to agricultural, industrial, commercial and normal colleges. 1933 September, Guilin private Lida junior high school moved to Jiang Yan for classes. In 36 years of the Republic of China, Lida Junior High School was closed, and a private Chengde Junior High School was established in Jiangyan, with the school site in Jiangyan Wuwen Temple (now Jiang Yan Supply and Marketing Cooperative acquired the warehouse). In August, 37, private Xingxian junior high school was established there. By 1949, there are three junior middle schools in the county, with 29 teachers and 63 students/kloc-0.
After liberation, all the original private middle schools in the county were closed, and the students of the original private middle schools were assigned to junior high schools in Longan County. 1950 implement the No.1 document of the county people's government and cancel the courses of "Party righteousness", "citizen" and "military training for boys" offered by the Kuomintang. The school opens its doors to workers and farmers, giving priority to their children. That year, there were 258 students, 43 graduates and 32 faculty members in Longan Junior Middle School. 1953, in accordance with the national unified regulations, Longan junior high school started and graduated in autumn, and the original enrollment in spring and autumn was changed to autumn enrollment, and class 38 of junior high school graduated ahead of schedule in the fifth semester. Since then, textbooks have been compiled all over the country. Courses include politics, Chinese, algebra, plane geometry, physics, chemistry, English, animals and plants, history, geography, sports and music. Regular assessment, the use of 100% system, the implementation of academic year promotion and repetition system.
1In the autumn of 956, Longan Junior High School added a new high school, enrolling 107 freshmen. The school was renamed Longan Middle School, becoming the first complete middle school in the county. The school implements the "three-three" segmentation system, with three years in junior high school and three years in senior high school. Senior high schools offer courses such as politics, Chinese, algebra, solid geometry, physics, chemistry, English (or Russian), biology, history, geography and physical education. Since then, the history of no high school in Longan County has ended. In the same year, junior high schools were established in Baichao Township, Yangwan District and Dongna Township, Na Tong District, which were named Longan No.1 Junior High School (referred to as No.1 Middle School) and Longan No.2 Junior High School (referred to as No.2 Middle School). The total number of middle school students in the county increased from 498 in the previous year to 880. The number of middle school teachers has increased by 50%. 1958, under the guidance of the school-running policy of "walking on two legs", the county opened 12 private middle schools with 12 14 students, and the total number of middle school students in the county reached 2587, an increase of 1956/kloc-0. From 1960 to 1962, the national economy encountered difficulties. In order to implement the policy of "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement" put forward by the central government, private middle schools have closed down one after another. 1965, there were 1 middle school and 2 1 junior middle school in the county. The number of students increased from 258 in 1950 to 2,796, and the number of teaching staff increased from 32 to 150.
1966 in the early days of the "cultural revolution", a large number of teachers and students left school in series, "suspended classes to make revolution" and "weathered the storm and seen the world" in the so-called class struggle. 1967 In the spring, under the impact of the January Revolution in Shanghai, middle school leaders were overthrown as "capitalist roaders", and many teachers were put in the "bullpen" as "ghostly" and "black five". In the summer and autumn of that year, the PLA entered Longan Middle School and Na Tong Junior High School for military training. 1968 "classes resumed to make revolution", and revolutionary committees were established in each middle school. Then the workers' and peasants' Mao Zedong Thought propaganda team, composed of workers, representatives of the People's Liberation Army and poor peasants, respectively stationed in Longzhong, No.1 Middle School and No.2 Middle School to carry out the "three investigations and one clean-up" campaign (to investigate the behind-the-scenes activities of the capitalist roaders, traitors and rich peasants against the sabotage activities of right-wingers and clean up the class ranks). Among the "three investigations and one clearing", there were 49 people in No.3 Middle School, of whom 1 1 was persecuted to death.
After 1969, the commune set off a wave of running middle schools. 1970, three communes, Qiao Jian, Dingdang and Du Jie, opened junior high schools, and Xinglong Brigade first opened the attached middle school classes after the primary school. Subsequently, among the complete primary schools in the county 108, 96 schools opened attached middle schools. 1972, junior middle schools in Yangwan and Na Tong counties were transformed into complete middle schools. Nine commune junior high schools, including Nanxu, Jiang Yan, Na Tong, Qiao Jian, Xiaolin, Dingdang, Du Jie, Buquan and Pingshan, have also been built. In that year, the county enrolled 82 classes in junior high school and 8 classes in senior high school, with 8853 middle school students, three times higher than 1968. The preparatory middle school changed the "three-thirds system" to "two-two-two system". There is no unified national teaching material, the examination system is abolished, and the so-called recommendation and selection of students who are "rooted in Hong Miao" are promoted. Students have low grades. After 1973, all middle schools opened. Na Tong Middle School took the lead in setting up a school-run farm in Dingyuan. Students work in shifts and regularly go to nearby factories, mines and social teams to "learn engineering and agriculture". After the county education department popularized the "experience" of Natong Middle School, there are 9 middle schools in the county, 13 factory-school linkage; There are 4 middle schools linked to 4 farms; There are 45 schools (including primary schools) linked to the 973 production team, organizing teachers and students to participate in labor and learn engineering and agricultural knowledge. From then on, I took part in the main course of middle school (primary school) students with labor consciousness, and classroom teaching became an auxiliary course. 1975, carrying out the spirit of the "Education Dazhai" conference in the autonomous region, senior middle school classes in the county 12 went to the production team in batches to "open the door" for one semester. By1May, 976, there were 25 classes in two batches, 14 14 teachers and students. For example, Natong Commune Middle School 10 class went to Dateng Village to cut trees and build schools and farms for a week in 1975 next semester and 1976 last semester; Go to Longjiang village to burn bricks and work on the farm for a month; Go to Fangcun to repair water for a week; Pick up the fertilizer and work in the fields for a week; Work in the linked production team twice, each time for half a month; There are also surprise activities to support agriculture, with an average of two days per month. The school also arranges half a day to build a school, grow vegetables (the school requires each student to produce vegetables 150 kg per semester and collect more than 250 kg of cow dung), manage sugar cane and engage in biogas digesters. Class time is less than one-third of a semester.
In the early 1970s, due to the blind development of ordinary middle schools in various communes, there was a serious shortage of teachers. Many primary school backbone teachers have been "pulled out" to teach in junior high schools, and junior high school backbone teachers have been "promoted" to attend classes in senior high schools, resulting in weak strength of primary school teachers and generally low level of middle school teachers. Coupled with the later "open schools", labor became the main course of students, which led to a serious decline in the quality of education.
1979 the admission score from primary school to junior high school is only 50 points, and the low score is only 14 points. The admission scores of junior high schools are rising, and some schools have only 90 points.
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the education administrative department and school leaders conscientiously implemented the "Trial Draft of Full-time Ten-year Primary and Secondary School Teaching Plan" issued by the Ministry of Education, and the county-run middle schools were changed from "February 2" to "March 2" (3 years in junior high school and 2 years in senior high school). Middle school curriculum 14: politics, Chinese, mathematics, physics, chemistry, foreign languages, history, geography, biology, agriculture, physical education, physical health, music, fine arts, subjects 8 to 9. 52 weeks a year. Junior high school has 28 class hours per week, senior high school has 29 class hours per week, and self-study has 6 class hours. Carry out 5 class hours of cultural and sports activities and scientific and technological activities to ensure that middle school students have 9 hours of sleep every day. The school will resume the system of performance evaluation, promotion and repetition.
1979, Long 'an Town Middle School was established in the county. In the same year, all middle schools conscientiously implemented the Ministry of Education's Interim Work Regulations for Full-time Middle Schools (Trial Draft) and the Code for Middle School Students. The school insists on taking teaching as the center, fully implements the party's educational policy, pays equal attention to morality, intelligence and physique, establishes a normal teaching order, organizes teaching according to the teaching plan, and actively explores teaching rules, so the teaching quality begins to pick up. 1979 college entrance examination admitted 45 students, 26 more than 1978.
1980 Buquan, Pingshan, Kobayashi and Dingdang Commune Middle Schools only enrolled junior high school freshmen, and 198 1 year, five commune middle schools including Nanxu, Jiang Yan, Na Tong, Qiao Jian and Du Jie also stopped enrolling senior high school freshmen. Four counties in Longzhong, Na Tong, Yangwan and Zhen run middle schools, with 750 students enrolled 15 classes. Implement unified enrollment in the county and select the best candidates. Longzhong first, then Yizhong, Second Middle School, and then to the town. The town mainly recruits urban students.
1982, the county began to change the five-year system to six-year system after its completion. The junior high school classes in Commune Middle School and the secondary schools attached to the school district have also changed from two-year system to three-year system. In that year, 177 candidates in the county were admitted to 13 universities and 25 technical secondary schools inside and outside the district. There are 67 junior college students. Technical secondary school students 1 10. According to the number of participants (348), the enrollment rate is 40.8%. Four candidates were admitted to national key universities. This is the largest number of college admissions since the resumption of the college entrance examination system. Since the second half of 1983, all senior middle schools in Commune Middle School have been closed.
From 65438 to 0984, all commune middle schools in the county were changed to township (town) junior middle schools. The county government office is equipped with five administrative leaders: the principal and the vice principal, each1; Dean, vice president 1, general affairs director 1. Each township (town) junior high school and joint junior high school are equipped with three administrative leaders: the principal, the vice principal (or vice president) and the dean 1. 1984 18 February 18, the county people's government approved the establishment of Yangminxiang junior high school. 1April 5, 985 and1August 9, the county people's government approved the establishment of junior middle schools in Yangwan Township and Gutan Township respectively. On May 3 of the same year, 65438 approved the transformation of Yangwan Middle School into a vocational middle school, with the enrollment of junior high school unchanged and one school, two cards and one team. 1985, there are five high schools in the county: Longan Middle School, Yangwan Middle School, Na Tong Middle School, Zhenzhen Middle School and Langwan Overseas Chinese Farm Middle School. Longan Middle School is a key middle school in the county. Township (town) has 12 junior middle schools: Jiang Yan, Yangwan, Du Jie, Buquan, Nanwei, Qiao Jian, Xiaolin, Na Tong, Gutan, Dingdang, Yang Min and Pingshan. United junior high school 1. There are 9796 middle school students, including 8087 in junior high school and 8 in senior high school 17 18. There are 794 middle school staff in the county, including 646 junior high school students and 48 senior high school students/kloc-0. In the same year, the enrollment rate of junior high school graduates in the county was 26.7%, which was lower than the national average. In the late Qing Dynasty, there were principals, teachers, teaching assistants and administrators in primary schools in Longan County. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), there were 17 faculty members in five official primary schools in the county. 13 (1924) The school is changed into a school, and each school has a principal, a school supervisor (that is, the director of education), teachers and teaching assistants. In the 20th year of the Republic of China, Longan County Junior High School was established, with principals, subject directors, teachers and officers. In 24 years of the Republic of China, after the implementation of national basic education, there were principals, teaching directors and teachers in primary schools and principals, teaching directors, subject directors, teachers and officers in middle schools. The teaching of government-run schools in the late Qing Dynasty was recommended by local gentlemen, appointed by teaching instructions and admonitions, and appointed by the county governor with approval. There are two kinds of teachers: employed and self-employed. During the Republic of China, middle school principals were generally nominated by the provincial education department and reported to the provincial government for appointment, and some were selected by the county magistrate and reported to the provincial government for additional dispatch; Primary school principals are appointed by the county magistrate. After 32 years of the Republic of China, the appointment system was implemented for middle school teachers. Most primary school teachers are recommended by classmates and relatives and appointed by the county magistrate. Some middle school teachers are selected by the principal and submitted to the provincial government for additional dispatch; Some are directly appointed by the principal and reported to the provincial government for future reference. Most of the teaching directors, clerks, cashiers and other staff in middle schools are directly selected by the principal. Primary school teachers ask for normal graduates, but most of them are appointed by acquaintances.
In the early days of liberation, most of the middle school teachers in Long 'an County retained the original middle school teachers before liberation. Primary school teachers are selected by the district and township governments to teach rural educated youth. Later, the source of primary and secondary school teachers was mainly college graduates. Among them, there are normal students trained in the county and those assigned by the state. Private teachers are recommended by the masses, evaluated by the school, approved by the township government, and reported to the county education bureau for the record. By 1985, there were 209 primary school teachers1person (including private schools) in the county, of whom 1882 were teachers, accounting for 89.5% of the total number of teachers, and the average number of students per teacher was 2 1.8, which was lower than the national average. There are 955 private teachers in primary school teaching staff, accounting for 45.7% of the total number of primary school teaching staff. Among primary school teachers, 904 graduated from high school or normal school, accounting for 49.8% of the total number of primary school teachers, which is lower than the regional average. There are 794 middle school teachers and staff in the county, including 646 junior high school students and 0/48 senior high school students. The average number of students per teacher is: junior high school 12.33, senior high school 1 1.6 1, which is lower than the national average. Among junior high school teachers, 66 graduated from junior college or left school, accounting for 10.22% of the total, which is lower than the regional and national average. Among senior high school teachers, 32 graduated from university, accounting for 2 1.62% of the total, which is lower than the regional and national average.