(1) The history of plum flower arrangement in China The earliest record of plum flower arrangement in China should be at least in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. According to "Jingzhou Ji", "Lu Kai made friends and sent a plum blossom from the south of the Yangtze River to Chang 'an and Yeye, and wrote a poem:' Fold the flower as a post and send it to the leader. There is nothing in Jiangnan, so why give a spring? "In the Song Dynasty, plum flower arrangement was very popular. Song Li painted Hua Lantu. In this painting, an exquisite rattan basket is filled with flowers such as plum blossom, wintersweet, camellia, narcissus and Daphne, and the technique is full and delicate. Zhang Daoqi's poem "Bottle of Plum" said: "A bottle of cold water counts the spring branches, and the fragrance does not decrease. No one has ever seen the bottom of the oblique bamboo, so Wei Yun and I know nothing about it. "Lu You wrote the poem" Plum blossoms in a bottle come at night ",wrote the poem" A few branches of spring are obliquely inserted into an ancient bottle, which is my drinker ",and Yang Wanli wrote the poem" A silver bottle is like a jade plum, and the north branch is not completely folded ". In order to pity the lonely mountain, several boxes of poets were called in. Plum blossom flower arrangement and plum blossom art in Ming and Qing dynasties entered their heyday. Monographs on flower arrangement appeared in Ming Dynasty, such as Flower Orchard by Zhang Qiande and History of Bottles by Yuan Hongdao. In the section of "Flower Eyes" in "The History of Bottles", it says: "The flower that is easy to get is Chun Mei Begonia"; The article "Pindi" says: "Plums are mainly composed of heavy leaves, green calyx, jade butterfly and lotus leaf"; The "Ling" section says: "Plum blossoms take Yingchun, Daphne and Camellia as maids". The history of bottles soon spread to Japan, forming one of the schools of Japanese flower arrangement-Hongdaoliu. In the Qing dynasty, bottle sacrifices were the main method. For example, Chen Shu painted a picture of "Bottle Sacrifice", in which plum blossoms and peonies are opposite to each other, making plum flower arrangement more beautiful and noble. In the Qing Dynasty, there were more works about plum flower arrangement. For example, in the Preface to Plum Chrysanthemum in Mustard Garden, it was said that "on New Year's Eve, there was nothing to do, but plum flowers were used to welcome the new year". Other works, such as Six Chapters of a Floating Life by Shen Fu and Flower Mirror by Chen Haozi, also involve plum flower arrangement. In modern times, the application of plum flower arrangement has improved in scale and style. For example, the plum exhibition held in Shanghai in 1949 may be the first official plum exhibition including plum blossom arrangement in China history. From 65438 to 0989, the Meihua and Lamei branches of China Flower Association held the 9th National Plum Blossom Exhibition, all of which had plum flower arrangement exhibition areas.

(2) The composition and conception of plum blossom inserting peony emphasize posture and color, and peony inserting peony must be magnificent; Magnolia is white and beautiful, and when inserting magnolia, it is necessary to highlight the graceful posture; Peach and apricot are charming and colorful, and inserting peach and apricot can set off a lively atmosphere ... Plum blossoms do not seek splendor, but charm, and have their own unique temperament and style. So the composition and conception of plum blossom are different from other flowers.

People love Mei not only because they appreciate her external charm, but also because of her character of "Xiang Xuehai dares to produce ten thousand flowers, and a tree in the world comes first in spring". People regard Mei as a symbol of firmness, tenacity, happiness and friendship. Therefore, before arranging flowers, we should make a plan: or take plum blossoms bred in ice and blooming in snow as the main body, with pine and bamboo, to form a picture of "three friends of pine, bamboo and plum"; Or praise the mighty and unyielding spirit with the theme of "I want to spread the information of spring, not afraid of being buried in snow" (Song Chenliang); Or "there is nothing in Jiangnan, talk about giving a spring" (Lu Jinkai) to pin the friendship of friends; Or express the wish of family reunion by "appreciating the loved ones of Meisi"; Or to "welcome the Spring Festival", symbolizing a thriving scene. Regarding the art of plum blossom, The History of Bottles says: plum blossom is planted in November, and plum blossom is planted in the first month. The combination of flowers and trees is mainly plum blossom, followed by Yingchun, Daphne odora and Camellia.

(3) Main methods of plum planting The main methods of plum planting can be divided into vase plum planting, bonsai plum planting and wall-mounted plum planting:

Plum blossom vase: The vase can be dark and plain, and a simple vase made of copper and ceramics can show the elegance of plum blossom. Don't use gorgeous vases, lest they usurp the role of master. If the bottle mouth is too big and the flower branches swing, you can cut a few short branches to erect the bottle mouth, or cut the middle of the flower branch base so that it can clamp the small bar in the bottle to fix the flower branches. If the vase is light and difficult to stand, lead, stone, etc. Can be put in a vase to prevent lodging. Plum blossom has three colors: red, white and green. You can insert one color or several colors, but you must give priority to one color to avoid confusion. When inserting plums, you can also mix them with some bamboo and asparagus. Coordinate colors and levels.

Bonsai-style plum inserting: one kind of inserting device is a shallow and wide basin vessel, and the other is a variety of ornamental shallow basins used to make small freehand brushwork bonsai. To insert plum in a pot, you must use a receptacle (also known as Jianshan), which is made of metal and has a round, triangular or square flat bottom. There are many needles on it to fix the flowers. Write a composition according to your own ideas. When inserting the picture of "Three Friends in Cold Years", because bamboo branches are easy to dry up, we should insert them as low as possible and close to the water surface. If the pine branches are too heavy and bulky to be placed smoothly, the base can be nailed to the square board first. Put it on a plate and cover the board with pebbles, so that the pine branches can be fixed. If the plum branch is thick, it can be cut into a cross shape in the middle and lower part of the flower branch with a knife, and the depth of the cut should be about twice that of the Jianshan needle, and then it can be inserted after cutting. Taking Xiaomei's twigs as artistic conception, and taking the famous sayings of ancient Yongmei as artistic conception, we created freehand brushwork bonsai with profound implications, and put it in several cases of study, which can also receive excellent ornamental effect. The production method is as follows: wrap the base of plum branches with wet cotton or wet gauze, then wrap them with plastic sheets, plant them vertically or obliquely in pots according to the conception requirements, and appropriately decorate some small plants such as ferns and grasses and small accessories such as playing stones and rotten wood, then spread soil on the undulating mountains, or leave some blanks as water bodies, and finally cover the soil with moss; This pot of plum blossom freehand brushwork bonsai is ready. As long as you often spray some water on the moss, you can enjoy it for several days, and then change the plum branches after the flowers wither.

Plum hanging: use bamboo, ceramics and other flower hanging devices. Oblique plum branches with asparagus or ivy vines make the resolute plum branches and swaying vines complement each other in a suitable background, one is rigid and the other is soft, which has a unique flavor. If the plum branches are not inclined, the gap of 1 ~ 2 can be sawed at a suitable bend, and the gap can be filled with triangular hardwood to reinforce the required angle.

(4) Plum-inserting fresh-keeping technology: The height of the bottle mouth is small, and water should be poured to the widest part of the bottle body, so that the contact area between water and air is large. Rain is better, so is pond water. The turbid ones must be clarified before use. Because there is chlorine in tap water, it must be stored for several days before use. Only well water is alkaline, so don't use it. The water temperature should be consistent with the temperature. In order to prevent the bottle water from rotting, add 0. 1% salt or 1/4000 potassium permanganate or appropriate amount of sulfur into the water, and pay attention to changing the water frequently.

Immersing the flower branches in water for shearing can prevent air from invading the branches and stems during shearing, which is beneficial to absorb water. The greater the inclination of the incision, the better, so as to expand the water absorption area and increase the water absorption. This can also be achieved by opening more cracks at the incision. Wrap the upper part of plum branches with thick newspaper, and immerse the incision in boiling water with a little salt or alum for about 10 second, which can not only destroy the bacteria in the incision, but also exhaust the air stored in the catheter. Or burn the cut of plum branches to carbonize them locally.

There were also some measures to preserve plum blossoms in ancient China. For example, Fan Chengda in the Song Dynasty said: "It is not easy to burn incense under flowers ... If the smoke is turbid, it will kill flowers all the time." In the Ming Dynasty, Wang's "Family Tree" contained: "Boiled crucian carp soup can insert plum." In the Qing Dynasty, Chen Haozi's "Flower Mirror" contained: "Yimei used pork juice to remove oil and then arranged flowers cold. The bottles were not frozen, although the fine cores were open." "Flower Orchard" in the Ming Dynasty said: "The bronze pot Longquan Zhou Jun bottle is three or two feet high and useless. Put sulfur in winter and insert plum blossoms ... When the plum blossoms are first broken, it is advisable to burn the broken parts and fix them with mud. " Another cloud said, "Kaya Hioki's south window next to his bed at night is very popular, but it is not frozen." You might as well try.