(2) Rights and obligations of entity protection. 1) The state is the most basic subject of international law, with full capacity for rights and conduct. The state has the primary responsibility and obligation to promote and protect human rights. The realization of the obligation to recognize, respect and protect human rights stipulated in international treaties is basically accomplished by countries taking "necessary steps" and "measures", mainly "legislative measures". 1966 Article 2 of the two International Covenants on Human Rights stipulates that States parties undertake to ensure that everyone enjoys the rights stipulated in the Covenants without discrimination on the grounds of race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinions, nationality or social class, property, birth or other status. With regard to civil and political rights, States parties undertake to take necessary steps to enact necessary legislation or other measures to realize the rights recognized in this Covenant in accordance with their constitutional procedures and the provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. With regard to economic, social and cultural rights, States parties undertake to take various steps to the best of their ability, with international assistance and cooperation, especially economic and technical assistance and cooperation, in order to gradually realize the rights recognized in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights by all appropriate means, including legislative measures. Legislative measures are to declare and guarantee the international obligations of respecting and protecting human rights in domestic laws through legislative means. Other measures mainly include judicial measures and administrative measures. Judicial measures refer to preventing and punishing human rights violations through domestic laws and the judicial system, and providing appropriate civil, criminal and administrative remedies to victims. Administrative measures include adjusting and regulating the behavior of government agencies, social organizations and individuals, implementing the ruling of the competent authorities, and carrying out human rights education, training, publicity and research.
2) The state has the right to restrict the enjoyment of human rights according to its own specific conditions. This restriction has two aspects: ① derogating from the obligations of the State party. According to the provisions of Article 4 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1), States parties have the right to derogate, that is, when public emergency threatens the life of the country, States parties can take measures to derogate from the obligations stipulated in the Covenant. (2) Laws to ensure the safety or enhance the welfare of the public.
(3) Rights and obligations in international cooperation and supervision. For details, please refer to the contents of the above short answer "Implementation Mechanism of International Protection of Human Rights" on reporting, inter-state accusations, individual complaints and investigation procedures.