1. What does "CPR" mean?
"Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation" is the English abbreviation of "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation", that is, cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It is the first aid for patients with cardiac arrest, including mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, chest compressions and external defibrillation.
2. Symptoms and manifestations of patients after cardiac arrest.
0- 10 second dizziness;
10-40 seconds syncope and convulsion;
40 seconds-1 min, pupil dilation or abnormal changes of left and right pupils (normal adult pupil diameter is 3-4 mm);
1-4 minutes, brain cells began to die;
By 6 minutes, brain cell necrosis was over;
All signs of life stopped at 10 minutes, and there was no hope of survival.
Human brain cells are very sensitive to hypoxia and can't tolerate hypoxia more than other cells in the human body. Brain cells will be damaged after 4-6 minutes of hypoxia at room temperature. The longer the time, the more serious the damage, and irreversible. So "cardiopulmonary resuscitation" must race against time. So people also call the first five minutes of the patient's illness "golden five minutes"
3. What is "hands-free cardiopulmonary resuscitation"
120 emergency medical staff used electric shock pacing and professional facilities such as ventilator to give first aid to patients with cardiac arrest.
As the first witness, before the arrival of the emergency regular army, the first aid of external defibrillation, mouth-to-mouth exhalation and chest compression was called "unarmed cardiopulmonary resuscitation".
4. What is external defibrillation?
The patient was in a state of atrial fibrillation when his heart just stopped. At this point, the rescuer puts his left hand directly above the patient's sternum and slams his left back with his right hand. This action may make the patient's heart beat.
5. The main cause of cardiac arrest.
Sudden death, electric shock, drowning, inhalation of toxic gases, pesticide poisoning, falling from high altitude, falling objects, various injuries, suffocation, coronary heart disease and other diseases.
6. On-site assessment before first aid
Before "cardiopulmonary resuscitation" is performed on patients, the safety of first-aid places should be evaluated.
If the accident is caused by electric shock, whether to cut off the power supply;
Whether the leakage or discharge of harmful gases has stopped;
Landslide or landslide site needs to determine whether the situation has been solved;
Whether the falling object is lifted, etc.
In short, the first aid site should be relatively safe to avoid secondary injuries to patients and rescuers. If the site cannot be evaluated or unsafe factors still exist, the patient must be transferred to a relatively safe place for first aid, remember! The transmission speed should be fast.
7. How to judge cardiac arrest?
Touch the radial (wrist), temporal (pre-ear), neck (neck), thigh (intersection of lower abdomen and femur), dorsum of foot and other arteries to see if there is pulsation.
The rescuer leans over and puts his face close to the patient's nose and mouth to feel whether there is gas exhaled; You can also put small pieces of paper, feathers, leaves, etc. Put it on the patient's nose and mouth to see if it swings.
Men and children can also observe whether the stomach is ups and downs, and women can observe whether the chest is enlarged.
8. Preparation before cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Open the airway. That is, check whether there is dirt, sputum, blood clots, food, vomit, etc. in the patient's mouth and nose. If the above situation exists, foreign bodies (including removable dentures) should be removed first.
Loosen the patient's tie, bow tie, neck button, corset, abdominal belt, belt, etc.
For drowning people, water treatment should be done as best as possible in the shortest time.
Care should be taken to keep the patient warm. Especially the elderly, cardiovascular patients,
When doing cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the patient should lie on his back, his body should be flat, and things that can offset energy, such as sofa, Simmons, soft bed, etc., should not be put.
Be careful when rescuing pregnant female patients.
9. Correct expiratory posture and movements
The rescuer kneels on one side of the patient's head and drags the patient's jaw to the highest point with one hand (the jaw and earlobe are in a straight line); The thumb and forefinger of the other hand hold the nose, and the proximal end of the palm sticks to the forehead of the patient. When exhaling, the mouth of the rescuer covers the mouth of the patient.
10. Posture, action and position of chest compressions
The rescuer kneels on one side of the patient's chest with his left hand on his right back and his fingers crossed. The proximal end of the palm is placed in the pressed position. Press hard and don't bend your elbows.
Go up to the intersection point along the lower edge of the patient's ribs, find the xiphoid process, take the xiphoid process as the base point and the arrangement of two fingers in the head direction as the starting point, and put the palm in the head direction, which is the pressing part.
1 1. Steps of hands-free cardiopulmonary resuscitation
First of all, the rescuer fully breathes air, blows it into the patient's mouth evenly according to the action requirements, pauses for two seconds, and repeats it again.
Then do chest compressions immediately, the frequency is 80- 100 times/minute. The pressing range is 4-5cm.
The above actions (blowing twice and pressing 15 times as a group) should be repeated rhythmically by the rescuer. Until the professional medical staff arrives at the scene, or the patient is transferred to a conditional treatment place.
Stop halfway to check whether the patient has spontaneous breathing and heartbeat. If there is, it is a successful first aid. But keep an eye on it at all times.
12. The expiratory compression is not standardized. What should I do if the chest compression causes damage?
As the first witness, you are the only one who can save the patient's life. So even if it doesn't work 100%, it doesn't matter if the action is not standardized. Your behavior is meaningful. Think about whether you can "grab" the patient back from the death line, or buy time for the regular army to come through your first aid. Everything is worth it. Don't you think?
The above is a summary of my own study, and there must be problems. For your reference only (the above is only applicable to adults). If you are willing to be an emergency volunteer, you can find more professional books to study or consult more professional medical staff.
Tianjin, May 23, 2009