1 has different meanings.
Juren: a person who passed the rural examination in the imperial examination in Ming Dynasty, which is held in the provincial capital every three years.
Gong Sheng: In the imperial examination era, scholars from states, prefectures and counties were selected to study in imperial academy, the capital of China.
2. The selection mechanism is different.
Jury: It is the jury who takes the rural examination and is admitted to the rural examination. There's only one option.
Gong Sheng: He is still a scholar at heart. It is equivalent to a vice list. Moreover, there are different selection methods for tribute students, such as Ngong students and age tribute students.
3. Corresponding to different ranks in the future.
Jury: The one who can take the exam is Gong. Being a juren means that one foot has entered the official career. Even if you fail in the exam in the future, you will have the opportunity to be a scholar and a magistrate.
Gong Sheng: Theoretically, you can be an official if you are Gong Sheng, but few people were an official in the Ming Dynasty. At the same time, imperial academy's Guo-jian diploma students can also take exams, such as Gong and others, and they are accepted.
Extended data
In a broad sense, the imperial examination refers to the cultivation of people by subjects or the selection of scholars by subjects, which is roughly the same as tribute and began in the Han Dynasty. In a narrow sense, the imperial examination refers to the imperial examination for Jinshi, which began in the Sui Dynasty. Many characteristics of the imperial examination system were gradually formed through a long process. The imperial examination system has existed in the history of China for 1300 years, from the establishment of the imperial examination by Yang Di to its abolition in the 31st year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1905).
In the Ming Dynasty, the formal science and technology examination was divided into three levels: the township entrance examination, the senior high school entrance examination and the palace examination. Palace merchants mean to contribute talents to the emperor. In the Ming Dynasty, there were old tribute, selected tribute, tribute and tribute. More refers to those outstanding scholars who failed after having obtained the provincial examination.
In case of royal or national celebrations, such as the emperor's accession to the throne, according to the general practice of prefectures and counties, in addition to annual tribute, another tribute is selected as a tribute. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the descendants of "sages" were chartered into prison, also called tribute. For example, the imperial court gives a certain number of tribute students to Kong's descendants every year to show respect for Kong Chongru.
The annual tribute, every other year or two or three years, is called the annual tribute. Because it is mostly promoted by turns, it is called "getting tribute".
In the Ming dynasty, generally speaking, only people with jury or above were qualified to be officials. After a period of political observation in palace examination, scholars with more than three grades will generally be awarded official positions directly. And those who have taken the senior high school entrance examination for many times but have never been admitted to the Jinshi can also report to the official department and wait for the vacancy. This choice is called big pick.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Gong Sheng
Baidu Encyclopedia-Imperial Examination System