1985 graduated from the Mathematics Department of Chongqing Normal University with a bachelor of science degree. Master students and doctoral students graduated from the School of Statistics and the Institute of Population Studies of Southwestern University of Finance and Economics with a master's degree in economics and a doctor's degree in law respectively. 1987- 199 1 teaches at the school of management of Chongqing university, 199 1-2003 engaged in project management, policy research and cadre training in Sichuan poverty alleviation office. Since 2003, I have been engaged in the teaching and research of sociology and related social services in Sichuan University.