1. Language: Belarusian and Russian are the official languages of Belarus, and Russian is the official language of Russia.

2. Population and nationality: The population of Belarus is composed of Belarusians, and the population of Russia is composed of Russians.

3. Geographical location: Belarus is located in the west of Eastern Europe, and Russia is located in the east of Eurasia.

4. History: Belarus was once a part of the Soviet Union and became independent after the disintegration of the Soviet Union 199 1; Russia can be traced back to Kiev in ancient Russia.