1, Fab lab
Fab Lab, or Manufacturing Laboratory, is a novel experiment initiated by the Bit and Atom Center of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-a small factory with almost any products and tools. Fab Lab was originally inspired by a course "How to Create Anything" taught by Professor Zhe Senfeld of MIT at 1998, which quickly became his most popular course. Students with no technical experience have created many impressive products in class, such as web browsers for parrots, boxes for collecting screams, skirts with sensors and burrs to protect women's personal safety, and so on. Students are excited to be able to make anything they want. This goal of realizing any personalized needs has gradually become an innovative research concept in Fab Lab's bud, leading the wave of innovation 2.0 from personal communication and personal computing to personal design, personal manufacturing and group creation. The article Fab Lab Innovation Model and its Enlightenment introduces how Fab Lab global network in communities, fields and schools in the United States, South Africa, India, Norway and other countries can promote user innovation and mass innovation, solve social problems around people and incubate small and micro enterprises through personal manufacturing and knowledge sharing.
2. Life laboratory
The EU launched the Living Labs network in June+10, 2006, which is a key step towards the EU innovation system. One of its core values is to improve and increase the insight of R&D transfer and the power to transform new scientific and technological achievements into real-world applications and solutions. It uses new tools and methods, advanced information and communication technology and other means to mobilize the "collective wisdom and creativity" of all parties and provide opportunities for solving social problems. Living Lab is one of the most exciting models in the EU's "knowledge economy", which emphasizes people-oriented, user-centered, open and innovative. Living Lab is an open and innovative society with the government, extensive enterprise network and various scientific research institutions as the main body, based on the local working and living environment and linked by scientific research institutions. Living Lab integrates users, application environment, technology and infrastructure, organization and methods, expert system and other aspects to build a service system through the design and development methods of user-centered mobile ubiquitous services and technologies in real life, emphasizing the organic integration of innovative needs such as technology testing, application development, user participation and market analysis in real life environment. Living Lab, as a social innovation tool and a regional innovation platform, integrates various resources with users as the center, promotes open innovation with the participation of all parties, and enables R&D institutions, enterprises, relevant social organizations, individual users and user groups to benefit from rich urban resources and regional environment.
3. Carbon-based
Carbon-based electric vehicles. It is a non-profit association located in Berlin, Germany. It was founded in 1995 and currently has about 450 members. The purpose of the association is to improve the knowledge and skills of computer software, hardware and data networks. Since its establishment, c-base has engaged in a lot of related activities. For example, on public holidays, such as Children's Day, they will introduce robots and computer-aided design to children there. C-base's headquarters sometimes supports other group activities near Berlin. C-base is recognized as the first independent hacker space in the world, because it does not belong to any school or enterprise.
4. Hacking space
The concept of Hackerspace began with the gathering of European programmers (formerly known as hackers). In August 2007 (12 after this wave started in Europe), a group of hackers from North America went to Germany to participate in the chaotic communication camp. They are determined to set up similar places in the United States, so they set up many hacker spaces after returning to China, including NYC resister(2007), HacDC(2007) and Noisebridge(2008). These places were soon used to design and manufacture electronic circuits (starting from the programming I was originally interested in), make physical prototypes according to my own interests, open classrooms, carry out activities to raise membership fees and buy more tools.
Hackerspace is called Maker Space in China. In 20 10, Maker Space entered China, providing an open community for hardware experts, electronic artists, designers, DIY enthusiasts and all those who like to do it themselves, developing interesting and meaningful projects according to their interests, holding seminars and trainings on different topics including electronics, embedded systems, programming and robotics, and providing operating agents, financing support and assistance. It is estimated that there are more than 1000 maker spaces in the world, and there are about six or seven in China, which are distributed in Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou and Shenzhen.
5、TechShop
TechShop is a community based on member workshops, which can provide members with available tools, equipment, teaching, creativity and support staff to create what they have always wanted to create. The instruments here include: milling machine, lathe, welding table, ion cutting machine, metal plate processing equipment, drilling machine, saw, industrial sewing machine, hand tools, plastic processing equipment and so on. Techshop is an ideal place for those who like to make things by themselves or make some inventions, but can't find suitable equipment. It collects many innovative ideas from people, allowing innovators to prototype their original ideas and even make a complete product.
6, metal laboratory
In Vienna, Metalab is famous as a successful hacker space. Founded in 2006, it has become a gathering place of high-tech communities in Vienna. Metalab's main projects include providing infrastructure, providing physical space in the fields of IT, new media, digital art, network art and hacker culture, and providing services for cooperation among technology and creative enthusiasts, makers, founders and digital artists. Today, Metalab has become a catalyst for the global hacker space movement and the birthplace of many Internet startups.
7. Maker Space
Maker Space is a community center with tools. It provides manufacturing equipment for the community and provides necessary training for community members to help them design, model and make works that they can't make by their own efforts with existing resources. Makerspace can be an interest group, where people with the same interests share space and tools with each other. It can be a commercial company or a non-profit company, or an affiliated organization, such as a school or library. All kinds of maker spaces are designed to integrate manufacturing equipment resources, form communities and carry out related training, but their organizational forms are quite different.
References:
The editorial department of this magazine. The development of creative space in the era of innovation 2.0 at home and abroad [J]. Office Automation, 20 16(6):26-29.