Staff fire safety training
First, the basic knowledge of fire control
1. The basic principle of the company's fire fighting work: "prevention first, combining prevention with fire fighting".
2, the purpose of the company's fire control work:
A. Everyone must abide by the fire control rules and regulations;
B. Take good care of fire-fighting facilities and equipment and learn to use fire extinguishers;
C. Put fire control work and production in an equally important position;
D. Strengthen the awareness of fire control and keep alert at all times;
E. putting prevention first.
3. The basic principle of fire control work: "whoever is in charge is responsible".
4. "Two sessions and one knowledge". That is, when a fire breaks out, every employee will use fire-fighting equipment to escape and save himself, and know the fire alarm number.
Second, the main cause of the fire
1. Fire caused by electrical equipment.
(1) The lack of maintenance and repair by electricians leads to short circuit of line insulation after long-term use, which leads to fire;
(2) To use electricity temporarily, connect high-power electric heating equipment to the original line, which will overload it for a long time, destroy the insulation of the line and cause a fire;
(3) copper-aluminum wire connection, poor contact or too long use time, resulting in excessive contact resistance, sparks or high contact temperature, causing fire;
(4) Forgetting to cut off the power supply of instruments and equipment after use, putting them on flammable bases, or putting them in flammable packaging immediately after use, will cause fire due to high temperature.
2. Smoking at will, throwing cigarette butts or match sticks are also the main causes of fire.
Although cigarette butts are small, their surface temperature is generally 200-300℃, and the central temperature can reach about 700-800℃. The ignition point of common combustible materials (such as paper, cotton, firewood and wood) is 130℃-350℃, which is lower than the temperature of cigarette butts. Therefore, littering cigarette butts is easy to cause fires. 0
3. Failure to take safety measures, illegal use of electricity and gas welding, sparks falling on combustible materials and causing fires.
4. Lighting with candles during power failure, ignoring safety, lighting flammable materials or looking for things with open flames will all cause fires.
Improper use of gas and gas appliances will cause fire.
Third, the prevention of fire:
1. Keep the fire escape clear and the fire door cannot be locked. Employees should remember clearly the safety exits and exits of workshops and dormitories.
There are great safety hazards in littering fire exits: (1) it is easy to cause fire and spread it; (2) After the fire, the passage is blocked, making it difficult for people and materials to evacuate; (3) Fire fighting is not easy.
Fire doors, also known as life-saving doors, are "life-saving passages" to ensure the safe evacuation of people in case of fire, and must be kept open at all times.
Any employee who finds that the fire escape is blocked and the fire door is closed shall promptly notify the management.
Employees should pay more attention to the floor plans posted in workshops and dormitories at ordinary times, clearly know the safe exits and safe passages, and strive for precious escape time in case of fire.
2, don't pull the wire, check the circuit regularly, and replace it in time when problems are found.
The so-called disorderly wiring means that it is very dangerous to pull wires, connect wires or install electrical equipment at will without complying with the relevant regulations on safe use of electricity. For example, if the wire is dragged on the ground, it may be crushed and bruised, and the insulation may be damaged; Pulling wires indiscriminately, the connector does not meet the requirements; Regardless of the thickness of the wire, add electrical equipment and overload at will to make the wire heat up. Most of these situations will lead to wire contact, short circuit, sparks or fire, and some will also lead to burning, explosion or electric shock casualties.
Don't bring kindling into the factory, don't smoke or use naked flame in the non-smoking area.
4, the use of flammable and explosive chemicals should be paid attention to:
(1) Don't be near fire source, high temperature and confined space when using;
(2) Auxiliary tools (such as rags and empty cans). ) When in use, the chemicals shall be stored in the designated safe area.
5. In case of power failure, attention should be paid to:
(1) candle lighting is strictly prohibited in workshops and warehouses; (2) When lighting with candles, they are not allowed to be placed on flammable materials; Stay away from flammable materials; (3) Use candles for lighting, and the candles must be extinguished after the personnel leave.
6. Take good care of fire control facilities, such as fire hydrants, fire extinguishers and fire sandbox. The fire pool must ensure sufficient water storage.
Fire-fighting facilities are used to put out fires, and no one can predict when a fire will happen, so be prepared at any time.
7. Don't wear slippers and high heels to work, so as not to escape from the scene of the accident in time in case of danger.
Fourth, how to deal with the fire?
1. Handling procedures in case of fire:
(1) alarm; (2) Evacuation, rescue and fire fighting; (3) security alert and protection; (4) the aftermath.
2. In case of fire, we should do "three inspections and nine steps".
Three refers to:
1. Check the fire source-smoke, luminous point, fire location, environment around the fire site, etc.
2. Check the quality of the fire-the nature of combustible materials (solid substances, chemicals, gas, oil, etc.). ), whether there are flammable and explosive products, and what are the combustion-supporting materials;
3. Check the fire-that is, check at which stage the fire burned.
Combustion is divided into three stages: a, ignition stage-5-7 minutes is the best time to put out the fire;
Deployment phase-within 7- 15 minutes.
C expansion phase-more than 15 minutes
The nine steps refer to: alarm, fire fighting, rescue, material evacuation, explosion prevention, collapse prevention, smoke exhaust, warning and rescue.
3. Alarm steps in case of fire:
Anyone who finds a fire hazard must report it to the factory safety department or the public security fire department promptly and accurately. When there is only one person at the scene, you should call for help while dealing with it. You must call the police as soon as possible and make a phone call while running so as to get help from other employees.
The fire alarm number is "1 19". Be calm when calling the police. Explain the detailed address, fire location, fire substance, fire size, name and telephone number of the alarm person, and send someone to meet the fire truck at the intersection.
After receiving the alarm, the security department should immediately ring the alarm bell, alert and evacuate the personnel of the whole factory, and gather volunteer fire brigades to put out the fire or cooperate with the public security fire department to put out the fire. Carry out the principle of "save people first, then save things" in fire fighting.
4, the basic method of fire fighting:
(1) cooling fire extinguishing method. The principle of this fire extinguishing method is to spray the fire extinguishing agent directly on the burning object, so that the combustion temperature is reduced below the ignition point and the combustion is stopped. Or spray the fire extinguishing agent on the substance near the fire source, so that it will not form a new ignition point due to the thermal radiation of the flame. Cooling fire extinguishing method is a main method of fire extinguishing, and water and carbon dioxide are often used as fire extinguishing agents to cool down and extinguish the fire. The extinguishing agent does not participate in the chemical reaction in the combustion process. This method belongs to the physical fire extinguishing method.
(2) Isolation fire extinguishing method. It is to isolate or remove the burning substances from the unburned combustible substances around it, interrupt the supply of combustible substances, and stop burning because of the lack of combustible substances. The specific method is as follows: 1. Remove inflammable, explosive and combustion-supporting articles near the fire source; 2. Close the valves of combustible gas and liquid pipelines to reduce and prevent combustible substances from entering the combustion zone; 3. Try to prevent scattered flammable and combustible liquids; 4. Dismantle flammable buildings adjacent to the fire source to form a space to prevent the fire from spreading.
(3) asphyxiation fire extinguishing method. It is a fire extinguishing method to prevent air from flowing into the combustion zone, or to dilute the air with non-combustion zone or non-combustible substances, so that the combustion products can not get enough oxygen and go out. The specific method is: 1, covering combustible materials with sand, cement, wet sacks and wet quilts; 2. Spray atomized water, dry powder, foam and other fire extinguishing agents to cover combustible materials; 3, with steam or nitrogen, carbon dioxide and other inert gases perfusion fire-fighting containers, equipment; 4, closed fire buildings, equipment and holes; 5. Spray nonflammable gas or nonflammable liquid (such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen and carbon tetrachloride). ) into combustible areas or on combustible materials.
5. Matters needing attention in fire fighting:
(1) First of all, we must find out the substance that caught fire, and then decide what fire extinguishing equipment to use.
(2) Use all tools that can put out the fire and use local materials.
(3) The fire extinguisher should be sprayed at the root of the flame.
(4) personnel should stand in the windward.
(5) Pay attention to the surrounding environment to prevent collapse and explosion.
Five, how to save yourself in case of fire
In case of fire, correct and effective methods should be taken to save themselves and escape, so as to reduce casualties.
1. Once threatened by fire, don't panic, calmly determine your position, and judge the fire according to the surrounding smoke, light and temperature, and don't act blindly.
2. Employees in the building should not blindly open doors and windows when they find a fire, otherwise it may lead to a fire, and do not blindly run, let alone jump off a building to escape, so as not to cause undue casualties. You can hide in the bathroom, close the doors and windows, cut off the fire escape and wait for rescue. Conditional, can continue to water the doors and windows to cool down, in order to delay the spread of the fire.
In a burning building, you should take the stairs from the fire escape.
If you are sure, you can tie one end of the rope to the window frame and then slide down the ground along the rope.
5. Try to take protective measures when fleeing from the fire. If you cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, wrap your body with wet clothes. In the smoke, you can take a low-profile escape and escape along the wall to avoid missing the direction.
6. If clothes catch fire, take off your clothes quickly, or roll around and put out the fire with your body. You can also jump into the nearby swimming pool. In short, you should try to reduce the burn area and reduce the degree of burn.
7. When a fire breaks out, it often produces gases that are toxic and harmful to the human body. Therefore, in order to prevent toxic smoke, you should try to stay in the windward and protect your mouth, nose and eyes with wet towels or masks to avoid toxic and harmful smoke.
8. When you can't escape from the fire, go to the window or the rooftop to call for help and wait for rescue.