1. Training content: learning laws, regulations and management system.
Training purposes and requirements: learn fire protection law and be familiar with the principles, principles and tasks of fire protection work.
Clarify the provisions of unit fire control work
1, "Fire Law" clearly states: "The principle of putting prevention first and combining prevention with fire fighting", "All units and individuals have the obligation to maintain fire safety, protect fire fighting facilities, prevent fires and report fire accidents. All units and individuals have the obligation to participate in organized fire fighting work. " Fire control facilities refer to automatic fire alarm system (water supply pump station), automatic fire extinguishing system, fire hydrant system, smoke control system, emergency broadcasting and emergency lighting, and safety evacuation facilities.
2 key units of fire safety shall perform the following fire safety duties in addition to the duties stipulated in the Fire Protection Law:
(a) to determine the fire safety administrator and organize the implementation of the fire safety management of the unit;
(two) the establishment of fire files, determine the key parts of fire safety, set fire signs, and implement strict management;
(three) the implementation of daily fire inspection, and establish inspection records;
(4) Conduct pre-job fire safety training for employees, and organize regular fire safety training and fire drills.
3. The Fire Protection Law clearly stipulates that no unit or individual may damage, misappropriate or dismantle or stop fire protection facilities and equipment without authorization, bury, occupy or block fire hydrants or occupy fire prevention spaces, or occupy, block or close evacuation passages, fire exits and fire truck passages. Doors and windows in crowded places shall not be equipped with obstacles that affect escape and fire fighting and rescue.
4. Article 44 of the Fire Protection Law: Anyone who finds a fire shall call the police immediately. Any unit or individual shall provide convenience for the alarm free of charge and shall not block the alarm. It is forbidden to lie about the fire alarm.
5. Provisions on fire control work of the unit: XX department is responsible for fire control work of enterprises, timely grasping dangerous situations, implementing fire prevention supervision and organizing fire inspection, managing and maintaining fire control systems (fire control room, automatic alarm, smoke (temperature) detector, natural gas heating combustible gas alarm, spraying device, fire hydrant on the ground, exposed fire pipes and fire pump room), and organizing firefighters to conduct safety technical monitoring on lightning protection and anti-static facilities.
6, fire safety is an important part of the government's social management and public services, is an important guarantee for social stability and economic development. The unit is the basic unit of society and the core subject of fire safety management. Citizens are the basis of fire control work. Without the participation of the broad masses of the people, the fire control work will not develop and progress, and the foundation for the whole society to resist fire will not be solid. "Government", "department", "unit" and "citizen" are all the subjects of fire control work. The unified leadership of the government, supervision by departments according to law, overall responsibility of units and active participation of citizens are very important for building a fire safety work pattern, and no one can neglect it. This is the principle of fire control work.
Second, the training content: the nature of fire control work
Training purposes and requirements: To understand the significance of fire fighting work and the nature of the work of the volunteer fire brigade.
1, the Fire Protection Law legally establishes the construction of various forms of fire fighting forces, and defines the general requirements for establishing various forms of fire fighting forces. Different areas have different architectural forms. It is stipulated that "local people's governments at or above the county level shall establish public security fire brigades and full-time fire brigades in accordance with state regulations, equip them with fire fighting equipment in accordance with national standards, and undertake fire fighting and rescue work". Key units of fire safety shall, according to the needs of local economic development and fire control work, establish full-time fire brigades and volunteer fire brigades to undertake fire fighting and rescue work.
2. Fire fighting practice has proved that the establishment of various forms of fire fighting forces is determined by China's national conditions, an important foundation for developing and safeguarding people's livelihood, and an inevitable requirement for building a well-off society in an all-round way. The voluntary fire brigade is led by the administrative, security and safety organization of the enterprise unit. Volunteer fire brigade is an important force in public security fire control work, fire prevention and self-help. It can ensure the production and life safety of the unit, effectively prevent the fire from happening and put it out as soon as possible, and minimize the loss of life and property of the unit and the masses, which is the basic guarantee for promoting social development.
3. Basic tasks of the volunteer fire brigade: seriously implement the fire safety management system of the unit and the post, be familiar with the key fire prevention areas and the configuration of fire fighting equipment of the unit, skillfully use all kinds of fire fighting equipment, and master the methods and measures to put out all kinds of initial fires. Actively participate in fire safety inspection and fire hazard rectification activities, carefully check and maintain fire control facilities and equipment, and put out the fire and call the police in time once a fire is found.
Third, training content: basic knowledge of fire protection.
Training purposes and requirements: Understand the basic knowledge of combustion, common knowledge of fire prevention and key contents of fire inspection.
1, general fire protection terms:
Fire-a phenomenon characterized by the release of heat accompanied by smoke or flame or both.
Fire-a disaster caused by burning out of control in time or space.
Fire Prevention-Measures to prevent fire and/or limit its effects.
Fire extinguishing-measures to put out or prevent the burning of substances.
Fire protection-that is, fire prevention and fire extinguishing measures.
Fire escape-the passage for firefighters and fire fighting equipment to reach the entrance or inside the building.
Fire alarm-an alarm issued by a person or an automatic device to inform the occurrence of a fire.
Composition of automatic fire alarm system-It consists of trigger device, alarm device, alarm device control equipment and power supply.
Fire alarm number-1 19. Don't panic after the alarm call is connected. Please briefly explain.
Temperature-sensitive fire detector-a fire detector that responds to abnormal temperature, heating rate and temperature difference.
Smoke fire detector-a fire detector that reacts to solid or liquid particles produced by combustion or pyrolysis.
Photosensitive fire detector-a fire detector that emits infrared, ultraviolet and visible light in response to flame radiation.
Gas fire detector-a fire detector that reacts to gases produced by combustion or pyrolysis.
Compound fire detector-a fire detector that responds to more than two different fire parameters.
Step 2 burn common sense
Combustion is an exothermic reaction between combustible and oxidant, usually accompanied by flame, luminescence and smoke.
Three elements of combustion: three conditions that combustion must meet at the same time:
(1) combustible material (2) auxiliary material (3) ignition source
Common ignition sources: ① open flame ② electric spark ③ sparks generated by impact or friction.
④ High-heat substances and high-temperature surfaces ⑤ Lightning strike ⑤ Spontaneous combustion.
Combustion products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride and other harmful gases and dust.
3, fire classification
According to the national standard "Fire Classification" and the substance and its combustion characteristics, the fire is divided into:
Class A fire refers to the fire of solid materials. Such as: wood, cotton, wool, hemp, paper and so on.
Class B fire refers to liquid fire and meltable solid fire. Such as petroleum products and organic solvents.
Class C fire refers to the fire of combustible gas substances. Such as natural gas, alkane gas, acetylene, ethylene, etc.
Class D fire refers to the fire of metal substances. Such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, aluminum and alloys.
Class E fire refers to the fire of electrical equipment and live cables during combustion.
Class F fire refers to the fire of cooking materials (such as animal and vegetable oils) in cookers.
4, the key content of fire safety inspection
(1) Implementation of rectification and preventive measures for fire hazards;
(two) safe evacuation routes, evacuation signs, emergency lighting and safety exits;
(3) Configuration and effectiveness of fire truck access, fire water source and fire equipment; Master the fire extinguishing methods, fire areas and fire control of various initial fires.
(4) It is illegal to use fire and electricity;
5] The mastery of fire safety knowledge of employees in key jobs and places;
[6] Management of key parts of fire safety;
(seven) the implementation of fire and explosion prevention measures for inflammable and explosive dangerous goods and places and the fire safety of important materials;
Being on duty in the fire control (control) duty room and the normal operation and record of fire fighting equipment;
Levies fire inspection;
⑽ fire safety signs's setting and intact and effective situation;
5. Fire safety inspection methods: ① technical instrument detection method;
(2) Visual inspection, that is, on-site inspection by listening, watching, asking and rating.
Four. Training content: Use of fire fighting facilities and equipment.
Training purposes and requirements: Be familiar with the use, inspection and maintenance methods of various fire-fighting facilities and equipment, including fire extinguishers, indoor (outdoor) fire hydrants, hoses (guns) and air respirator.
1, fire extinguishers are commonly used fire extinguishing equipment, with the characteristics of portability and flexible fire extinguishing speed, which are mainly used to extinguish the initial fires of various substances. Because the initial stage of a fire-small scope and weak fire is the most favorable time to put out the fire, the correct use of fire extinguishers can put out the fire in the bud in time and avoid causing huge property losses and possible casualties.
2. The fire extinguisher consists of cylinder, nozzle and other parts. With the help of driving pressure, the filled extinguishing agent can be ejected from the fire extinguishing device. When in use, keep upright, swing from near to far, and spray from left to right. A pointer with a pressure gauge indicating pressure points to the red area to indicate pressure loss, which must be filled according to regulations.
(1) The carbon dioxide fire extinguisher is a fire extinguisher with liquid carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent. There are two kinds of trolleys.
Scope of application: used to rescue precision instruments, expensive equipment, files, instruments or
Usage: When using, the handle of portable fire extinguisher is 5 meters away from the ignition point.
(1) The handwheel is to hold the handle at the root of the horn-shaped nozzle with one hand, aim the nozzle at the flame, and unscrew the handwheel counterclockwise with the other hand to eject carbon dioxide.
(2) Duckbill type is to remove the safety pin, hold the handle at the root of the horn nozzle with one hand, aim the nozzle at the flame, and press the handle with the other hand, and carbon dioxide will be sprayed out.
Maintenance: Check the weight of carbon dioxide regularly. If the weight is reduced by110, it should be replenished in time. Avoid sun exposure, and the storage temperature is less than 42℃.
(2) foam extinguisher is a fire extinguisher that generates and sprays foam by filling foam extinguishing agent and water. According to the composition of foam, there are chemical foam extinguisher and air foam extinguisher.
Scope of application: used to extinguish the initial fire of petroleum products and organic solvents or wood, cotton, wool, hemp and paper.
Usage: When using the air foam extinguisher, the handle of the hand-held fire extinguisher is 6 meters away from the ignition point, and the safety pin is removed. Hold the handle of the opening knob with one hand, hold the spray gun with the other hand, and then hold the opening knob tightly to seal the fire extinguisher, and air foam will be ejected from the spray gun.
Maintenance: it should be placed in a ventilated and dry place to avoid sun exposure and strong radiant heat. Once opened, it must be filled as required.
(3) Dry powder fire extinguisher is a fire extinguisher with dry powder fire extinguishing agent.
According to the packaging method, it is divided into inner packaging type and gas storage type.
Divided into 4KG, 8KG, etc. By weight.
Sodium bicarbonate dry powder fire extinguisher is suitable for Class B and Class C fires, also known as BC dry powder fire extinguisher.
Ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguisher is suitable for Class A, Class B and Class C fires, also known as ABC dry powder fire extinguisher.
Scope of application: used to put out the initial fires of petroleum products, organic solvents, flammable liquids, flammable gases and electrical equipment.
Usage: When in use, hold the handle of the fire extinguisher 5 meters away from the ignition point, and turn the fire extinguisher up and down several times to loosen the dry powder in the cylinder. Pull out the safety pin first, hold the nozzle with one hand and press the handle with the other hand, and the dry powder will be sprayed out.
Maintenance: it should be stored in a ventilated, dry and convenient place to prevent moisture, sun and exposure. Once used, it must be filled according to the regulations.
3. Indoor (outdoor) fire hydrant is an important system for indoor (outdoor) fire water supply, which is classified according to pressure, use and layout.
(1) How to use the indoor fire hydrant: after a fire, open the fire box, press the emergency alarm button, quickly remove the hose, connect one end to the hydrant interface, and conveniently straighten the hose, and connect the other end to the water gun. Turn the fire hydrant handwheel counterclockwise to open it, and the water can be discharged.
Maintenance of indoor fire hydrants: complete parts and gaskets, clean and dry hoses, and anti-corrosion and anti-damage handwheels.
⑵ How to use the outdoor fire hydrant: Open the blind cover of the outlet with a special wrench, connect the hose, and then open the valve plug with a special wrench to supply water. After use, the valve plug should be closed and the water outlet cover should be installed.
Maintenance of outdoor fire hydrant: sundries around the fire hydrant should be removed frequently outdoors, the valve stem should be filled with lubricating oil, and the gasket should be intact. Always check the water supply situation, whether there is water leakage or not, and brush the exterior wall paint in time to prevent corrosion.
(3) air respirator is an air filter respirator, which protects toxic gas from entering during fire fighting and insulates it to prevent hot air and sparks from splashing on human body.
How to use air respirator: Before wearing, check whether the mask is intact and whether the breathing cavity cover is unobstructed, and wear it according to the instructions.
Maintenance of air respirator: It should be stored in a ventilated and dry place to prevent moisture, sunlight and exposure. The suitable storage temperature is 0℃ ~ 40℃. Keep away from heat sources, flammable and corrosive substances, and cannot be used in the environment where the oxygen concentration is less than 17%.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) training content: fire alarm handling procedure
Training purposes and requirements: Familiar with fire alarm and alarm handling procedures.
1, familiar with fire alarm procedures:
When a fire is found, calmly report to the police, report to the personnel on duty and the department head according to the observation and understanding, and notify the fire brigade in a simple way;
Second, check the fire and analyze the cause of the fire. Call the alarm number 1 19 according to the fire, and report the fire address, fire and what substance is burning;
Third, fire-fighting equipment can be used to put out the initial fire.
2, alarm handling procedures:
(1) After receiving the alarm signal, the fire control (control) duty room shall assign fire patrol personnel to the scene with walkie-talkies and jack phones to confirm the fire;
(2) According to the situation of fire feedback, feedback the fire information to the central control room by interphone or manual control button, allocate fire-fighting equipment, and organize personnel to rush to the scene to put out the fire immediately;
(3) At the same time, the personnel on duty in the central control room immediately start the fire control system equipment after receiving the alarm, and enable the fire broadcast to organize evacuation;
(4) Start the departmental fire emergency plan and call 1 19 for alarm;
(5) After the fire alarm processing, record the fire alarm information, restore the standby operation state of the fire fighting equipment, and prevent the next fire;
⑥ If a fire alarm is found, check the alarm reason, take corresponding measures and make records.
Six, training content: fire fighting methods
Training purpose and requirements: master the basic methods of fire fighting.
(isolation method, suffocation method, cooling method, chemical inhibition method)
1, all fire prevention measures are to prevent combustion. The basic measures actually taken are:
1. Control combustible materials; Second, isolate the air; Third, eliminate the ignition source; Fourth, stop the fire from spreading.
2, the basic method of fire fighting:
Isolation method: isolate or remove the combustible materials at or around the fire source, and the combustion will stop due to the loss of combustible materials.
2. Asphyxiation method: it is to prevent air from entering the combustion zone or dilute the air with non-combustible gas, so that the combustion products can not get enough oxygen and go out.
3. Cooling method: the fire extinguishing agent is directly sprayed on the combustible material, so that the temperature of the combustible material drops below its ignition point and the combustion is stopped; Or spray fire extinguishing agent on combustible materials near the fire source to avoid spreading.
Four suppression methods: the fire extinguishing agent participates in the combustion reaction process, so that the free radicals produced in the combustion process disappear and the combustion stops.
Seven. Training content: fire control disposal procedures and measures.
Training purposes and requirements: be familiar with fire extinguishing procedures, take appropriate measures, and master fire extinguishing principles and essentials.
1, initial fire (site) disposal procedures:
(1) Once the fire is found, be calm and call the police in time while checking the fire;
(2) According to the understanding of the fire situation and causes, take measures such as cutting off power supply and evacuating people;
(3) call for help, first evacuate people in crowded places;
(4) Use on-site fire-fighting equipment to actively and timely extinguish the fire;
2. Fire extinguishing principle: save people first, control first, and then destroy.
3, fire control measures:
(1) block the fire and prevent it from spreading; (2) Fast-break rescue to control the fire;
(3) Ventilation and smoke exhaust reduce losses; (4) Isolation and fire fighting.
Eight. Training content: emergency evacuation and escape
Training purpose and requirements: Be familiar with the fire emergency plan, evacuation and escape methods, routes, emergency evacuation procedures and measures of the company and departments.
1. After receiving the alarm, the personnel on duty should immediately start the fire broadcast to organize evacuation, report correctly, organize personnel to guide and prevent crowd confusion;
2. Organize evacuation according to the evacuation plan formulated by the fire emergency plan, pay attention to self-protection, and bow when passing through the smoke area;
3. Strictly obey the organization and command, control personnel's emotions, prevent personnel from returning to the fire, and do a good job in eye and respiratory protection;
4, in general, the order of evacuation is:
(1) Start with the fire floor, then the upper floor, and then the downstairs floor;
(2) Priority should be given to the evacuation of people in the most serious and dangerous areas threatened by fire to avoid heavy casualties.
Nine, training content: fire fighting skills training.
Training purpose and requirements: master the basic requirements and methods of fire fighting, and achieve the training purpose of knowing how to operate and use.
1, fire fighting skill training is the basic technical operation training with various fire fighting equipment under the guidance of fire fighting theory and combined with actual combat experience, so as to achieve the training purpose of skilled use and rapid disposal.
2, the basic requirements of fire fighting skills training:
(1) Clarify responsibilities and enhance the sense of responsibility;
(2) Cultivate a brave and tenacious fighting style;
(3) Improve the combat level and cooperative combat capability.
3. The basic method of fire fighting skill training: hire experts, combine lectures with practice, practice more deeply, decompose first, then be coherent, from easy to difficult, from simple to complicated, step by step, and gradually improve.
(1) Use all kinds of fire fighting equipment on site, master the principle of fire fighting essentials, and be familiar with robots.
Fire control procedures and measures to be taken;
⑵ Be familiar with the location of various fire-fighting facilities and equipment in this office and this unit, including fire extinguishers, indoor (outdoor) fire hydrants, hoses (guns), etc.
(3) According to the characteristics of the office, simulate the disaster situation in key fire prevention areas, and be familiar with fire alarm and alarm processing procedures;
(4) Organize emergency evacuation drills and be familiar with the evacuation and escape routes of the unit;
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