Wang Zhongshan: This varies from person to person according to the child's own situation. Fingers are bigger than nails for a long time, and smaller children are smaller. Generally speaking, it is the best length for your fake nails to be slightly longer than your fingers without affecting pronunciation and flexible finger movements. Generally, we use tortoise shells, an animal that floats in the sea and looks like a turtle. The material made of its armor is most suitable for making guzheng nails.
Netizen: Can anyone learn guzheng? Are there any requirements for fingers?
Wang Zhongshan: To learn guzheng, from the perspective of teaching guzheng, I will shout whatever I sell. Generally speaking, anyone who studies guzheng should be able to learn it. Why? Because the instrument itself doesn't need much strength. Secondly, its structure is relatively simple and uncomplicated, and its operation is relatively simple, so it is suitable for ordinary people to operate in all aspects. You should be able to operate the guzheng easily in the process of learning it, regardless of age.
Netizen: Do you have any special requirements for fingers when playing guzheng?
Wang Zhongshan: No special requirements. As long as your fingers develop normally and there is no disability, there is no problem in general study. Because I found that people often ask me this question when I take the exam. Even in national competitions and grade examinations, I saw some children aged four or five also took part in the competitions, and people in their sixties also took part in the grade examinations. It's normal. They played brilliantly and excellently. Many people are late bloomers and eventually become guzheng masters. This is normal. In my opinion, learning guzheng is not so restrictive.
Moderator: We know that you have held personal concerts or academic lectures in Hongkong, Taiwan Province Province, Macau, Beijing, Shanghai and other domestic and foreign cities.
Netizen: Does China have such a performance? Are there many kinds and quantities?
Wang Zhongshan: Yes, I have held 20 or 30 solo concerts in Chinese mainland, and there are nearly 50 overseas solo concerts. On July 16, a teacher-student concert in Wang Zhongshan was held in Zhongshan Concert Hall. Its name is "Mountain Scenery", which is a series of famous guzheng songs created by Zhongshan Orchestra for middle school students and music lovers during the summer vacation. In addition, I went to Shenzhen on August 8 and went to Hong Kong on August 17. Soon, in September 10, I will join hands with Professor * * * of the Central Conservatory of Music to give a concert of Li Meng and Wang Zhongshan Guzheng in Zhongshan Concert Hall.
Netizen: Are there any performances in the near future?
Wang Zhongshan: This is the scene of September 10. I heard that many people are looking forward to it. Students and teachers from Shenyang Conservatory of Music, Wuhan Conservatory of Music, Tianjin Conservatory of Music and even conservatories in remote areas of Yunnan came to watch the performance.
Netizen: When I first learned guzheng, which was better, the traditional one or the modulation one? How should I choose?
Wang Zhongshan: I don't think this formulation is reasonable enough. There is no distinction between traditional and transposed Zheng. He should ask whether it's better to use the ordinary Zheng or other kinds of Zheng. General Zheng is not called traditional Zheng, because there is no traditional Zheng now, and all Zheng has changed from history to today. The Zheng we are using now is the universal Zheng with 2 1 string and the S-type 2 1 string, which are used by art colleges and professional performance teams all over the country. At present, all tuning kites are experimental, only in the trial stage, so we have never encountered such problems in the learning process. Usually like a piano. Usually, pianos with more than 80 keys are used all over the world. It is better to use a 200-key piano or an 80-key piano now. Of course, I would say that it is better to use an ordinary piano. Like I said, 2 1 string guzheng, I still advocate everyone to use it. General guzheng recognized by our institute and marking department.
Netizen: Can I teach myself guzheng? Can I teach myself by watching the teaching CD of Guzheng?
Wang Zhongshan: Generally speaking, learning guzheng through VCD is a very fashionable learning method, which is different from my previous learning experience. When I was a child, I first taught this learning method orally, and then I entered a professional college. Like me, you went to an art school, where you began to formally implement a very strict professional training in the school system. Teachers gave guidance on the spot, and you arranged etudes and music to realize the artistic expression of this musical work. But now all publishing houses and relevant education departments have produced their own VCD, and there are some self-taught teaching materials, which may be helpful to those remote areas where the young and the old are poor and have no good teachers. But if we want to further improve, I believe it is difficult for him to reach a high level just by watching VCD. He may have some simple elementary questions that he is not very clear about, or he is not very familiar with for beginners. It is ok to learn from VCD problems and some books, but if you want to enter the professional level and be more strict with yourself, I believe you must go through professional training and have professional teachers' guidance.
Moderator: In the way of teaching, materials can be used as auxiliary.
Wang Zhongshan: Yes, VCD can only be used as an aid. It is not enough to rely on it.
Netizen: Can you recommend some teaching materials suitable for beginners?
Wang Zhongshan: At present, the study of guzheng is not as systematic as that of piano and violin in the formulation of teaching materials and the arrangement of the whole course, because the teaching course of guzheng specialty is relatively late and should be established after liberation. Therefore, its teaching materials and its etudes, as auxiliary basic training, are not systematic enough, and our teachers need to formulate relevant teaching materials under the unified teaching plan formulated by the State Education Commission. But these things that are popular in the market at present may bring benefits to your children's beginners, but they can't be as rigorous as Cherny and Thompson's piano practice. Now I think the books that teachers have worked so hard to produce are helpful to children, but who is the most authoritative is still inconclusive.
Netizen: I still can't play beautiful and charming music when I study guzheng, and my voice is hard. What's wrong with it?
Wang Zhongshan: Guzheng is an ancient musical instrument with the traditional cultural characteristics of China. It is an instrument that sounds with the right hand and composes music with the left hand. It's really the right hand that sounds, and the left hand is the ancient rhyme. After the left hand makes a sound, the right hand restores the original sound and expresses the charm or local style through the softness and trembling of the left hand. At this time, the teacher usually teaches the right hand tone, such as 323564 165, but the teacher teaches 323564 165. However, if an experienced teacher wants to show the combination of style and guzheng characteristics, he must add his left hand, and he must seek the timbre by sliding his left hand to soften its melody and make it have the melody and characteristics of China. Moreover, the average beginner's child, the average teacher rarely teaches the left hand such as softness, blackness and smoothness. This change includes the change of numbers, the change of timbre and the change of strength. Therefore, children only know how to play a very stiff melody with their right hand, and they can't even grasp it. We say catch, and we say catch figuratively. Therefore, his pop-up voice can't be very pleasant to listen to, because he lacks the decoration of his left hand, the characteristics of China music and the various changes of guzheng, so it is very hard. But I believe that through the gradual deepening of teachers' teaching, these related problems will be gradually improved.
Moderator: Don't worry, it's normal for beginners to do it, and they don't have the skills to deal with timbre.
Wang Zhongshan: The main problem is that the left hand is not handled properly. I mean, if a beginner can't play well, it must be the angle, speed and position of the right hand touching the string that affect the timbre. This is a serious problem. But just now I noticed that he was asking a beginner, and the first answer was aimed at this question.
Netizen: I want my children to learn national musical instruments now. Can you ask Mr. Wang to give me some guidance in choosing musical instruments? If you recommend guzheng, can you give me some other guidance?
Wang Zhongshan: The first choice is to learn guzheng. (Laughter) But if he wants to learn something else, I think China has many excellent musical instruments to learn, such as pipa, erhu, guqin and Xiao, all of which have ancient rhymes. In any case, hands-on training is good for children's overall intellectual development. I think he can choose either one. Now I have learned a lot in the process of learning folk music, first of all, guzheng, erhu and pipa. According to your hobbies, if you want to learn to play strings and rub sounds, you should choose erhu, plucked string, guzheng and pipa, and learn to play flute and flute.
Moderator: Now when many parents let their children learn musical instruments, they are not professional learners or teachers themselves. They are blind. Most parents consider letting their children learn the piano and exercise their fingers. Can you introduce the characteristics of our national music in this respect?
Wang Zhongshan: I'm talking about the guzheng. Guzheng also has ten fingers, but most people don't understand it. Guzheng is the only instrument in folk music that plays the fingers of the 28 th meridian, and it is also the only instrument that completely expresses the floating sound. Theoretically, it is also the only instrument that simultaneously emits ten sounds. Piano has all the characteristics, except its string structure which 12 arrangement guzheng can't do, and everything else can. For example, in our modern performances, the use of floating sound, body and reply can be found everywhere. The performance of guzheng has already entered the present level. When we were four or five years old, we first entered the field of two-handed play. In the past, they thought that the zither played with its right hand and rhymed with its left hand, but now this is not the case. The advanced nature of guzheng culture, it can have some advantages of piano, and its own string arrangement has the charm of China culture. I compare it to three good, good-looking, good-listening and studious. The study of guzheng is probably the simplest of China folk instrumental music, because it is relatively fixed. After tuning the string, you only need to follow the teacher's instructions and see that the green string is basically in D key and the green string is in 5 key, so you can recognize the string in a short time and learn it, and you can play a tune well in ten minutes. Therefore, as a choice of musical instruments, I personally advocate it. You can learn more about Guzheng and learn the excellent culture of China. The representative should say that guzheng is a classical musical instrument.
Moderator: Many parents in our forum just don't know, so they don't know whether to give their children a choice and how to choose. What you said not only exercised ten fingers, but also made you eager to learn, and it is closely linked with our traditional culture in China. I believe that parents in our country are well aware that learning guzheng has various benefits.
Netizen: What's the difference between guzheng and guqin? What's the difference between them in pronunciation, playing musical instruments and learning?
Wang Zhongshan: The difference between guqin and guzheng is first of all in appearance. It's very simple. Guqin has seven strings, and Guzheng's universal piano has 265,438+0 strings, but it can also have 22 strings and 23 strings. That's dispensable, but generally speaking, the guzheng and performance groups mainly used in colleges and universities use 265,438+0 strings. Zheng 13 string, which I learned when I was a child, is made of steel wire. But generally not less than this number, in modern times. The modern guzheng is more than 13 strings, but the guqin has always retained this characteristic of the lyre, so the guqin is also called the lyre, which is its characteristic. There is also a guzheng, which has a line of geese. It looks like a long goose, but Guqin doesn't. In the process of guzheng performance, because of the wild goose column, it can be played with various auxiliary chords and brackets, and the pronunciation is louder, the piano body is wider and the expressive force is stronger. But it doesn't mean that guqin is not expressive, but also excellent. In the process of learning China music, everyone must know something about Guqin culture, which is the most representative as the most complete traditional music culture. However, the difference between them is obvious. They have the same point and look horizontal. First of all, it looks very similar. Most people don't understand that the right hand is fiddling here and the left hand is pushing and pulling back and forth here, but the difference is great. When we press the left hand, they push it to slide left and right, and the left hand slides left and right on the piano board to make this difference and change the pitch. Our guzheng is not like this. Of course, guzheng can also be multi-tone with one string, but it is basically one string and one tone, which is very different.
Compere: Is it more difficult to learn Guqin?
Wang Zhongshan: To tell you the truth, it was difficult to learn Guqin at first. Unlike guzheng, you can play a melody with your left hand behind you, and you don't need your left hand. Guqin is more difficult, because there are few strings and no fixed cardboard, so it is still more difficult to learn Guqin.
Netizen: My daughter is learning guzheng now. There is a problem. She uses the power of her big arm in vibrato. How should she correct it?
Wang Zhongshan: If there is a vibrato in the performance, I must find out what it is and what vibrato she uses. If the big arm has a big vibrato, it is often not good. It is also good to express this style with a small vibrato and a big vibrato, but it is not good if she only knows big vibrato. There are many kinds of vibrato, which are driven by forearm, elbow and wrist, and they are different. Suggest that she practice each part separately, for example, try to count with her forearm, and the vibrato should not get out of control. Trembling does not mean trembling, but a very beautiful decorative technique, not an instinctive conditioned reflex. In that case, her left hand really needs systematic training. It's best to find a good teacher, see her problems and solve them on the spot.
Netizen: My child is learning piano now, but once he heard a child in the next class playing guzheng in another class, he was deeply attracted by himself. And I also like the timbre of guzheng. Can children learn two musical instruments at the same time? Is it okay?
Wang Zhongshan: I'm glad to hear that, because in China's own land, China people love their musical instruments. As a musician who has been engaged in national musical instruments for some time, I am very happy. Finally, people who study western music will be interested in national music. What I have heard more is that many of my parents are engaged in folk music. When I have children in the future, when children learn music and choose musical instruments, they choose western musical instruments. I feel very sad. I am glad to hear that people who engage in western music like national musical instruments. I don't think pride is a relief. Why? It shows that our national music is really charming, especially in China. I really hope that everyone can learn more about the excellent national cultural traditions. Guzheng, for example, has such advantages. By studying it, we can learn a lot about China's history and culture. Besides, we can also understand the development track of our national music in China. Through it, we can understand the national feelings of China people. To a higher level, we may have more love for our China and our Chinese nation through it. So I think this is a good thing. If he asks if he can study at the same time. I think so, too. When I was studying guzheng, I also learned a little piano, which is compulsory in school. We can finish it well. I believe this child will do better than me.
Netizen: I am a guzheng enthusiast, and my child has passed the fifth grade of guzheng now. In the second year's grade examination, is it better for children to take the sixth grade or the seventh grade? Which route are you going to take?
Wang Zhongshan: There are too many questions. I have heard many parents of candidates ask me this question all over the country. Some of our teachers even promised to take Grade 9 in three months, which is terrible. Some people operate crazily in this way, feeling that they teach better than others, and that they seem to be omnipotent in teaching or in all aspects.
However, I can persuade this parent. Through this parent, I can tell parents and teachers who are eager to learn and hope their children will succeed. I hope they will still learn guzheng, follow the basic laws of the development of general things, and can't advance by leaps and bounds.
Why? It should be clear about the study of guzheng and the formulation of these tracks, because I personally participated in the formulation of many grading textbooks, such as the grading textbooks of China Conservatory of Music, the grading textbooks of China National Wind Music Society, the lecturer of the national grading textbooks of China Musicians Association, or I personally organized this work.
When we made this track, we never thought that parents or teachers would jump from level 1 to level 8. We were unprepared. Our design is normal, that is, after the fifth and sixth grades, everything must develop step by step. It is impossible to say that because he mastered the unique school, I studied alone in the cave for several years and swept the world with one stroke. This is impossible and really misleading.
But I really understand how parents feel when they see other students, or his neighbor's children, or his children's classmates learning the same musical instrument. His children learn Grade 8 and we learn Grade 5. He will know when he goes down again. This learning method was so absurd in the past. Still suggest that he should be serious under the guidance of the teacher, and don't force the teacher to improve your own child's progress. Some progress is not caused by teachers, while others are caused by parents seeing other children learn quickly. How can their children learn so slowly? Therefore, teachers are forced to teach. Some of them are caused by teachers' bravado, which is actually extremely unfavorable to the popularization of guzheng teaching, including the popularization of music teaching.
Moderator: We invited many teachers who taught musical instruments in the guest chat room. They all talked about a problem. In various national exams, parents have a strong sense of public welfare, and it is not good for children to make rapid progress in exams.
Wang Zhongshan: I understand. Parents want to teach the best students in the shortest time and hope that their children will be outstanding and must be better than others. This kind of psychology is understandable, but learning musical instruments is indeed a difficult process, and parents should also be prepared in this respect. If the learning progress is improved too fast, it will even bring troubles to children and obstacles to teachers. Because some skills are too difficult for him to cope with. If he can lift 10 kilograms, he will fall 80 kilograms, which will hurt the child. Don't rush for success.
Netizen: Hello, Mr. Wang, I want to ask a question. When I was learning Zizhu tune, I cared too much about my left hand and didn't care about my right hand. How should this be solved?
Wang Zhongshan: This is the simplest sentence. I don't think he has studied step by step, so he should practice seriously. Personally, he must go through the following steps: from reading music, learn to read music carefully, first make clear the pitch and performance of his left and right hands, and then arrange the whole fingering reasonably, and the whole fingering order should conform to the natural logic of music. In addition, in the process of learning, we should pay special attention to the practice of one hand with two hands. If you have poor basic skills, I suggest you practice your left and right hands separately and sew them together. If you have good basic skills and have problems reading the music, don't stare at the music all the time, just like our computer typing. Don't always stare at your hands, your screen or the manuscript paper next to you. It's better this way. Use blind play. See what kind of situation you belong to. If it is because you have a bad habit of reading music and care more about your left hand than your right hand, you don't need to use training. I suggest using the blind bullet method. If the basic skills are not good, you can practice.
Netizen: I am an amateur of guzheng, and I have learned Band 6 now. There is a question that is very confusing. Should I wear a fake nails on my left hand? My teacher said that I should wait until 10 grade. I have read the textbook, VCD, and I should wear it when I am a beginner.
Wang Zhongshan: The problem of wearing nails on the left hand is basically no longer a problem. I will make a final statement here. In the late 1980s, there was a discussion about whether the right hand should wear nails. Then the problem gradually subsided. Yes 1986, I took the lead in wearing four nails on my left hand for the first time. There was none in the whole country at that time. This is really controversial. I thought we should play the guzheng for hundreds of years without wearing nails. Even if I did, I wore it outside. I wore it with both hands. At that time, it should be said that it was very shocking for guzheng. Everyone thinks that the right hand is the same. If you wear a nail, the first problem to be solved is to knead the string with your right hand. In fact, this parent's question has not been asked. I know he asked if he should wear it. The main reason is why children are not allowed to wear it, fearing that it will affect their left hand. Many people have argued about it. Later, this problem was not called a problem at all, because we thought it would be better to solve it. After nailing the nail on our left hand, we can still easily express all the emotions that traditional Zheng music should be able to express. Various skills We can show the skills that traditional Zheng should show after putting on nails.
So what is the main reason why everyone should wear nails on his left hand? The left hand, like the right hand, can participate in the performance of harmony and auxiliary timbre, and can effectively unify the timbre of the right hand, including a scratch. The strength and timbre are basically the same, which is very powerful. It's hard to express guzheng without nails now. At present, the left-handed walking distance of guzheng is very strong. Sometimes, even in my works, my left hand has a biting finger and my left hand has a round finger. Other teachers gradually use this technique in their own works. It is difficult to finish this nail without wearing it. Wear nails from the day of school and get into the habit. In ancient times, the guzheng didn't need to nail bullets. He played with his original nails and his own nails, so it was subtle and beautiful. However, the present playing skills are more complicated, so under the pattern of multilateral skills, many difficult skills can be completed by wearing nails without losing the charm of the left hand. In this case, we suggest wearing nails for basic training. However, if children just learn to play, they can't learn one or two works, and it doesn't matter whether they wear them or not, which will not affect the learning of guzheng.
Netizen: I like guzheng and know a little. There is a question I want you to teach me. My hands are very small. When learning the song "Mountain Flowing Water", the first song can't pass. what can I do?
Wang Zhongshan: He can see that my hands are small. It depends on whether you can effectively use the width of your palm, not longer than your fingers, and your palm. You can play the whole effective playing part of your palm by moving your wrist, and you can construct a note by adding the width of your palm to the length of your fingers. If you just played the piano longer than anyone else, I would have given up the guzheng a long time ago. I think people with small hands or short hands will tell you that this will not be the main obstacle to guzheng. Maybe when you play, you may not be able to do it temporarily because of insufficient practice or improper methods, but it is definitely not because of short hands.
Netizen: How does the country stipulate the level of guzheng performance at present? Where can amateurs get relevant certificates?
Wang Zhongshan: The state has no strict regulations on this. The only way to take an examination of his major is to take an examination of an art school, take part in a competition sponsored by the Ministry of Culture or the China Musicians Association, and go to a music school to see if you have reached the standard or relevant certificates. Amateurs mainly pass Grade A, such as China Musicians Association, Central Conservatory of Music and China Conservatory of Music, all of which are verifying your amateur level of guzheng.
Moderator: There is no age limit for such an examination?
Wang Zhongshan: No, because I am an amateur, I mainly take promoting China culture as my responsibility.
Netizen: How many children have college guzheng?
Wang Zhongshan: If you can study at the age of five, it's not very strict. For example, some people say that at my age, I know many famous teachers, many of whom are human, and I didn't start studying until I entered the university.
Moderator: Are you all adults?
Wang Zhongshan: Yes, first they studied piano, and then they switched to guzheng. Through hard work, they became famous guzheng masters in China. Including our current guzheng master, it still does not affect his good performance in guzheng.
Netizen: Miss Wang, can you tell us something about some younger children you are teaching now, and how they are learning the Zheng?
Wang Zhongshan: I don't teach many children, because I am a teacher in the Conservatory of Music. Very young children seldom teach. The youngest of the experiences I have taught is a 5-year-old child, and I was deeply impressed. Why do I remember this? He is not very focused. At that time, I was still in college. He played hide-and-seek with me when I was in class. In class, I asked the teacher to find me and see where I was. I always correct him in the hallway or in the trash can. This child is very interesting. So my whole experience thinks that 5-year-old children are naughty and difficult to establish. But I still have a deep impression that this child learns quickly. Because he is young, he is full of novel feelings about everything, such as your requirements for his fingers and music. He can learn from you quickly and has a strong imitation ability. At that time, he was full of interest in music. So I think teaching a five-year-old child was given to another teacher because I was inexperienced and didn't teach the child at that time. In retrospect, I am a little patient with children of this age. Later, my own niece studied guzheng at the age of 3 and played several works at the age of 5. When she was five or six years old, she participated in national competitions and won prizes.
Netizen: I am going to let my children take the middle school attached this year. What kind of music is more suitable for children?
Wang Zhongshan: At present, the exams of the Central Conservatory of Music and the China Conservatory of Music have no strict rules on the number of tracks, only the number of tracks you have to play, and there is no rule on what works you have to play. But according to my observation, these students who want to enter the middle school attached to the Central Conservatory of Music must be strictly above Grade 9, professionally trained and above Grade 9, preferably modern and newly created works. For example, the song "Happiness Leads Water to My Village", which was popular in earlier years, seems inappropriate now. For example, this kind of work, fantasia, is often used in the examination process. Parents are advised to work hard in this regard. In addition, traditional Zheng music can not be ignored. It is best to choose a traditional outstanding representative work to take the exam.
Netizen: I learned Guzheng for the first time because I talked to Guzheng about pop music CDs in a video store. I want to learn guzheng mainly because I want to play such music to please myself. Is it necessary to study systematically?
Wang Zhongshan: It is more skillful and simpler to talk about such works after systematic study. If you haven't studied systematically, you can learn to play, because such works are relatively easy to use. For example, the legendary swordsman's mode is just the tuning of the guzheng, as long as the notation is simple. If you just want to play this kind of works well, you really don't have to work hard, but it is better to play this kind of works if you ask famous artists for advice.
Netizen: Do you have to learn music theory knowledge like other music 6 to test guzheng?
Wang Zhongshan: Yes, this is a specialized course, and it must be tested. Solfeggio training, basic music theory must be tested in the exam. If you want to go to college, you need harmony.
Moderator: Although harmony seems to be more inclined to western instruments, it is also the same position to test folk music.
Wang Zhongshan: Studying in the Conservatory of Music, I don't know the basic music theory between the West and China. Guzheng itself has the concept of harmony. For example, its harmony of four or five degrees, pure octave, often appears in guzheng performance.
Moderator: Beginners, do you need to learn the music theory knowledge of these systems?
Wang Zhongshan: Beginners, if your family has a certain background, as long as your parents love singing and your children are not tone deaf, you don't need to study specially. But if you study better, you have the energy and time to work hard and you are more professional. I believe that learning music theory and solfeggio will be more helpful for you to learn musical instruments.
Netizen: Mr. Wang, it seems that today is the first time that I have in-depth contact with guzheng knowledge. I want to ask, how much does it cost to buy a guzheng?
Wang Zhongshan: The price of guzheng is very high. As far as I know, a few hundred dollars can buy a basic guzheng. I heard, but I don't need this Zheng. You can buy it for seven or eight hundred, which is very popular. Generally, two or three thousand zithers are enough, but the piano used by students majoring in our Conservatory of Music is generally more than six thousand yuan.
Netizen: Do you want to consider some wooden factors such as the south and the north when buying Afghanistan?
Wang Zhongshan: Now all musical instrument manufacturers are improving their musical instruments. Nanzheng used to go to the north, because the weather in the north, like Beijing, was very dry and easy to crack. Now, in the past ten years, musical instruments have been improved according to the climate characteristics in the south. This problem has rarely appeared, and there is no such strict distinction between north and south. But relatively speaking, you have only paid a little for the maintenance of your musical instrument. For example, when winter comes, stay away from air conditioning and heating, and put a little water on your guzheng to make it slightly moist. Zheng should avoid exposure to the sun and consciously put it in such a relatively humid room, not too dry.