Huayin laoqiang original ecological art

Long, long ago, 2000 years ago, at the intersection of Weihe River and Yellow River, there was an amphibious dock connecting West Chang 'an. There are a group of boatmen on the dock. When they pull the boat, they always start singing alone, and everyone shouts together and works hard together. Someone beats the boat board rhythmically with a piece of wood, and this song has a call and a joint force. In this way, the boatmen along the Yellow River pulled for 2000 years. A man began to shout hymns and became the lead singer. Everyone shouted together, and the wooden block became a musical instrument, so there was a unique opera-the old tune by the Yellow River.

It is history that has created the old tune that has been sung for thousands of years: it has a long history.

To be exact, it is because of the premiere of White Deer Plain that the old tune caused a sensation in Beijing this summer, which really awakened people's dusty memories and shocked our impetuous hearts. According to the inscription, Shijingcang, also known as Huacang and Shi Jing Yucang, is a granary city with high terrain and dangerous situation surrounded by mountains on one side and cliffs on three sides. The granary wall is built along the mountain plateau, with a circumference of about 3300 meters. The site is an irregular square with an area of 784,000 square meters. It is conceivable that more than 2,000 years ago, on this dirt mountain, millions of stones of grain were piled up to supply the capital. On the wall, there must also be a Western Han warrior in armor.

Guard this protected area. Locals told reporters that there used to be a Mogou River in the east of the village and a gully in the west. So think about it, you must grind a lot of water. The grain in the granary is processed here and transported to Beijing by water.

Water transport is closely related to the old tune with a long history. It is history that has created the old tune that has been sung for thousands of years. Just seven or eight kilometers northeast of Shuangquan Village, it is the mouth of Sanhe River where Weihe River, Luohe River and Yellow River meet. During the Western Han Dynasty, it used to be an important waterway wharf, which was contested by Qian Fan, and there were many boatmen. Because it is sailing against the current, it is inevitable to tow the boat with bare hands. At that time, the boatman's horn will break out one after another and resound through the river. This song, as well as the sound of the boatman banging on the board with a pole, are all integrated into the performance of the old tune, forming a unique "slope tune" of the old tune. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the old-fashioned rap began to take shadow play as the carrier and entered the Goulan tile house.

Become an independent drama. From the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China, the old tune prevailed. A large number of folk festivals, musical instruments and singing are more mature. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), due to many reasons, the class club disintegrated, the theater box was confiscated, and the performance was interrupted. After the reform and opening-up, the cultural department of huayin city has carried out a series of collection and collation of the old tune, but it has gone from bad to worse and is on the verge of danger because it has not taken effective rescue measures.

The biggest feature of the old tune lies in its enthusiasm: impassioned.

Compared with other traditional operas in Shaanxi, such as grandfather opera, stringed board opera and opera, the biggest feature of old operas is that they are old and spicy. The language of the old tune is very strong, and the tune closely follows and simulates the sound of words, often interwoven with speaking, reading and singing in the same aria, showing obvious traces of the transition from rap to opera. In each aria melody, the old tune has a three-beat music festival form, which is almost unique in national opera. In fact, from the perspective of the origin of drama history, the closure of inheritance, the uniqueness of drama types and the extensiveness of styles, Old Tune has its unique artistic and historical value.

There are still many traces of rap art in the old tune. From the perspective of modern people, the old tune can be said to be the oldest opera hi-hop. Jin, a member of the China National Folk Culture Heritage and Protection Project Expert Committee, said: "People who study shadow play have such knowledge. The more they keep rapping, the more primitive they are. " After watching Huayin Laoqiang, he excitedly praised: Huayin Laoqiang is a living fossil of China opera. The old-school vocals are mainly impassioned, such as Xue Dongzheng, cutting the residual yuan and taking four counties. , but there is no lack of sadness and smoothness, but this part only accounts for about 10%. In 2004, Jin Yongxian

Born on Huashan Mountain in Xiyue, after watching the old-fashioned shadow play, I couldn't help but write an inscription: "I like watching the old-fashioned shadow play, which is wonderful and amazing."

The simple and vigorous singing of the old tune, desolate and tragic, made the audience give the warmest applause one after another.

Old road: shocking the soul

One day in August, we chased the old tune and followed it to Huayin.

At noon, when we found the old-school artist Zhang Ximin, Zhang Ximin's family, who was about to eat, stopped chopsticks and warmly received our party. As one of the leading figures of the old tune, Zhang Ximin said with a smile that since the performance task of the drama "White Deer Plain" was successfully completed, there has been an endless stream of people interviewing and contacting the performance by the media. The old tune can be regarded as shocking the world. Even with them, they feel "particularly glorious and glorious". In the past, it was difficult for even family members to understand their insistence on old-fashioned art, but now they finally feel "getting ahead". During the performance of the drama White Deer Plain, 1 1 people took to the stage 1 1 times. Although people under the stage may not understand all the lyrics, the old simple and solemn, desolate and solemn singing voice made the audience give the warmest applause. "The joy in my heart at that time was beyond words!" Many viewers commented on Huayin's old-school artists: "The whole drama has been sung alive, and their appearance has brought soul to the drama" White Deer Plain "."

In order to let us feel the charm of the old tune on the spot, Zhang Ximin called his performance team. Zhang Ximin, Zhang Shimin, Zhang Xinmin, Zhang Junmin, Zhang Siji and Li Genxian each played their own "buddies". After skillful winding, tuning and audition, they performed wonderful fragments of plays such as "His uncle and his second uncle are his uncles", "Cut the yellow robe" and "Catch the Five Tigers" for reporters in the yard. The artist's emotional singing, coupled with a few simple musical instruments, produced a magnificent momentum, which made people feel trance for a while. It is hard to imagine that this group of folk artists who have not been trained in music theory or even trained in culture have virtually inherited the most original and precious folk culture for us.

Speaking of old tunes, I have to mention one person, that is, Wang Zhenzhong, an old tune artist known as "White Cat". He is born with eyebrows like snow and has an amazing understanding of the old tune. Most people in Huayin only know White Hair and don't know Mr. Wang Lao. Mr. Wang Lao does not shy away from it, but also pretends to be the "white-haired" king, surnamed "white-haired", which is also the old tune inherited by the Zhang clan. "White hair" is over 70 years old, and he is excited when he talks about the old tune. Ask him to sing "Peach Blossom". He has Qin Yue in his hand and makes a loud noise. The phrase "I don't know where people are going, but peach blossoms still smile at the spring breeze" makes people cry.

The lyrics that have been passed down from mouth to mouth for thousands of years are old-fashioned: authentic.

The old tune is really a small drama. It only needs five people to support a scene: signing (directing shadow play), signing, lead singer (lead singer), backstage and banhu. However, there are also many "ugliness at the end of life" in this kind of drama. But these five roles are all played by the lead singer. Therefore, the vocal talent of the lead singer is particularly important. Zhang Ximin has this talent, no matter whether it is high-pitched or tactfully, he can handle it properly and perform perfectly. Not everyone can do it except singing. Every member of the performance team is very good at "labeling" and can play various musical instruments.

The old tune was born in Huayin and Zhang family, and it was once brilliant. It was during the Ming and Qing Dynasties that there were more than ten class clubs in Huayin, which were active in the surrounding areas of Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan. Zhang Ximin, Zhang Xinmin, Zhang Junmin and Zhang Shimin are the sons of Zhang Quansheng, the authentic inheritor of Huayin old tune. They have preserved more than 100 scripts handed down from the old Qianlong tune. Almost all of these dramas are folk stories about the Western Zhou Dynasty, various countries, the Three Realms and the Tang and Song Dynasties. Open the book, you can see the lyrics recorded vertically with a brush, and some words are marked with circles next to them, representing the parts that should be paid special attention to when singing. Most of the plays were handed down from the Qing Dynasty. With the passage of time, the paper has begun to turn yellow and brittle. Fortunately, the artists have engraved the lyrics in their hearts. Usually, the script is hardly used, and only important moments will be displayed.

Our own wooden bench, homemade strings, oral singing for thousands of years, this unique and shocking old tune, with such original ecology, was invited to the luxurious stage of the Metropolitan Theatre intact, and was also invited to the CCTV studio. In this most primitive style, the old tune has been widely recognized.

The conservative inheritance system limits its

The scope of circulation also makes the old-fashioned successors lack people.

Dilemma: lack of successors

As a family drama, "Old Tune" has many rules and regulations, such as: most people are not allowed to enter the class unless they are close relatives; Since you have entered the class, you are not allowed to join other class associations; The script will never be published, and so on. This closed and conservative inheritance system not only limits its spread, but also makes the old tune lack of successors. Because it is difficult to support the family with the meager income of the performance, and the income of each person for three or four hours is only 20 yuan, young people prefer to go out to work.

At present, the old tune, which is born and bred and stuck to a corner, can only survive in Huayin. In the heyday of the old-fashioned shadow play, there were hundreds of people in a village in Quandian Village and more than a dozen theatrical troupes. Now, only a dozen people can sing the old-fashioned shadow play. In the current team, the oldest is 72 years old and the youngest is nearly half a year old. Old tune, an ancient local opera, is facing a fatal crisis of lack of inheritance. How can we pass on the old tune? It has become an idea that puzzles artists and people who care about and love the old tune.

"We must pass on the old tune and dare not call it extinct. After so many generations, it can't be broken in our hands. " Zhang Ximin told reporters. This should also be the common aspiration of old-school artists.

After Lao Qiang participated in the performance of the drama "White Deer Plain", many villagers began to be tempted, and many people expressed interest in Lao Qiang.

Legacy: the salary is exhausted.

On the basis of inheriting the tradition, Wang Zhenzhong boldly innovated and reformed the singing of the old tune, which enriched the performance effect of the old tune. 1993, Zhang Yimou filmed "Alive", in which Wang Zhenzhong became an old singer. With the award of this film in the international film festival, the impassioned old tune has also gone to the world. Since then, people from other provinces and even foreign countries have often come to the home of huayin city Laoqiang artists to appreciate and understand this unique folk art of Laoqiang. People's enthusiasm for the old tune is even more manifested in that after the old tune participated in the performance of the drama "White Deer Plain", many villagers, besides outsiders, began to be tempted.

Show interest in the old tune. Wang Zhenzhong accepted two new apprentices in their thirties-"As long as anyone is willing to learn, I will try my best to teach."

Last year, Zhang Ximin "forced" his1/kloc-0-year-old grandson Seimi Zhang to learn old-fashioned singing. Although this dignified and strong child's voice is still slightly immature, every word is well organized. The little guy proudly said that when he used to sing the old tune, his friends laughed at him, but now he doesn't laugh. They all want to follow suit, because only in this way can they "perform on the stage of the capital".

Every step of the development of the old tune also affects the heart of Zhang Fuqiang, director of the huayin city Municipal Bureau of Culture and Sports. Since he was transferred to the Bureau of Culture and Sports in 2003, he has a new understanding and evaluation of the value and function of the old tune. He first organized a special person to collect and sort out the music scores of the old tune, and collected, registered and protected the scripts handed down from generation to generation. At the same time, he realized that the only way to keep the old tune from being forgotten was to continue performing. Through the performance, let people know, be familiar with and love the old tune. Only in this way can the old tune have a market and a way out. Zhang Fuqiang tried his best to arrange for Lao Qiang to attend all the performances. In recent years, Lao Qiang went to Beijing, Shenzhen, Hubei and Wuhan.

Various provinces and cities participated in various cultural exchanges and performances, which greatly improved their popularity. In addition to performances, it is also an important issue to increase the bonus of artists, and artists should not be allowed to perform a performance with only a small income. He used the relationship of the former director of the Finance Bureau to win extensive government and social funds. Hold a performance, sponsor a performance, buy old-fashioned musical instruments and necessary equipment, and make artists feel hope forever.

To solve the problem of inheritors, huayin city Municipal Bureau of Culture, Sports and Tourism will set up Huashan Old Tune Art Troupe and Huayin Local Opera Training School with special funds. "Huashan Laoqiang Art Troupe" plans to absorb all existing Laoqiang artists, sign contracts with them, make unified packaging and build brands. Training schools will start the "apprenticeship system", those who take apprentices will be subsidized, and those who take good ones will be given extra rewards. The good news greatly encouraged the artists of the old tune, who were gearing up and said that they would try their best to pass on and spread the old tune.

The road to the development of the old tune is arduous, but with the goal, I believe its prospects will be bright.

Huayin's old tune from the Yellow River bank to the ancient battlefield to the movie "Alive" to the drama "Bailuyuan"

In the early 1990s, if Zhang Yimou's movie "To Live" only made people know the existence of the old tune, then the recent drama "White Deer Plain" made the audience know the old tune face to face. From "only hearing his voice but not seeing him" to "hearing his voice but not stopping", every step on the road of inheriting the old tune is tortuous and intriguing. In May this year, Huayin old tune was listed as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage. The old tune, an art form that was not widely known before, is now breaking the closed-door mode and entering people's field of vision with overwhelming momentum. ...

When the vigorous and old-fashioned voice sounded, it seemed that people saw the swords and halberds on the ancient battlefield, and suddenly people cheered and swallowed mountains and rivers, and suddenly there was a golden retreat. Looking around, Shaanxi people's strong character and strong mentality jumped out.

A remarkable feature of old-fashioned singing is "La Po Diao". The so-called Lapo means that when the lead singer sings the last two sentences of a play, he shouts loudly, and then all the people in Taiwan follow, as if behind the stage, with a rich tone and a warm atmosphere, which not only enhances the plot, but also pushes the performance mood to a sustained climax. The most vivid description of this kind of singing is that "the audience roared and shocked the gods." The old artist told reporters that the knocking sound of wood in old-fashioned performances evolved from the boatman hitting the planks with a pole. This is what we see on the screen and on the stage. Old-school artists hold wooden benches in one hand, lift wooden blocks in the other and beat the wooden benches rhythmically, which makes the audience and actors passionate and echo each other from afar.

Not long ago, at the performance site of Shaanxi Drama Week held by CCTV, the host Bai Yansheng actually picked up a piece of wood knocked off by an old-school artist from the stage. This is the same old tune. With its unique charm, it can stimulate the audience's emotions in an instant and constantly set off a climax. No matter what you know or don't understand, you are deeply infected by it and cheer loudly together.

Hope to adopt, thank you!