Knowledge of factory safety production 1, and safety accidents are prone to occur in production workshops.
Safety accidents that are easy to occur in the production workshop include electric shock, falling, being caught by coils, object strike and fire. In order to prevent accidents, we should have the necessary safety knowledge and skills.
2. Electrical safety
Electric shock accident refers to human contact with mechanical equipment? Live parts, causing injuries to human bodies, and the consequences are generally serious. There are many electrical equipment in the production workshop, and each operator has more opportunities to contact electricity, so it is necessary to have and implement all kinds of electrical safety knowledge.
2. 1 The electrical installation, inspection and maintenance of all equipment must be carried out by electrical professionals, and no one is allowed to operate it privately.
2.2 The electrical equipment in the workshop shall not be started at will, and can only be operated correctly according to the mechanical equipment involved in my post and its instruction manual, and shall not exceed the prescribed operation authority. Do not operate electrical equipment outside your current location without permission.
2.3 The electrical parts of the equipment and tools used in this position are out of order, so it is not allowed to repair or run in spite of illness; Need to report to the superior in time, contact professionals to deal with it.
2.4 Distribution boxes, switchboards, knife switches, push-button switches, bolts, wires, etc. that are frequently contacted and used must be kept intact and safe, and no damaged or live parts can be exposed.
2.5 When operating the knife switch and magnetic switch, the cover must be covered to prevent arc or fuse from blowing and splashing during short circuit.
2.6 The shell of electrical equipment used must be grounded or protected by zero according to relevant safety regulations; In addition, the grounding or zero connection facilities should be inspected regularly, and the connection must be firm, and the grounding or zero connection wires cannot be disconnected, otherwise the grounding or zero connection will not play any role.
2.7 When it is necessary to move some unfixed electrical equipment, the power supply must be cut off before moving, the wires should be put away, and it is not allowed to be dragged on the ground to prevent wear; If the wire is stuck by a hard object, don't pull hard to prevent it from breaking.
2.8 For power connection, sockets and plugs that meet electrical safety requirements must be used, with good contact and bare pins. It is strictly forbidden to plug the wire directly into the power socket without a plug.
2.9 For equipment and tools that really need to be moved, such as vacuum cleaners and hand drills, leakage protectors must be installed. At the same time, the metal shell of the tool should be grounded or connected to zero to reduce the distortion of the wire and the extrusion or puncture of other objects to prevent leakage.
2. 10 When placing liquid articles, it should be placed in a place where it is not easy to knock over, and even if it is knocked over, the liquid will not penetrate into the machinery and equipment and cause safety accidents.
2. 1 1 When wiping equipment, it is forbidden to wipe electrical facilities with water or a wet rag to prevent short circuit and electric shock accidents.
2. 12 When the plug is inserted into the socket for a long time (generally more than one year), set aside at least once a year to clean the dust accumulated at the plug to prevent short circuit and electric shock accidents caused by dust accumulation.
3. Prevent falling accidents
Falling from a height refers to the unsafe behavior of people at a height and the falling of objects in an unsafe state, which may lead to serious injury or even death. According to the regulations, all workplaces with a height of more than 2 meters are? High place? But that doesn't mean it's dangerous only if it's more than 2 meters. Even if you fall from a height of 1 m, you may be seriously injured or killed if you come into contact with sharp objects or hard objects in key parts of your body. Therefore, attention should be paid to related safety matters when working at high altitude. 3. 1 Operators are not allowed to stand on objects with multiple small objects overlapping or rolling. If the fluorescent lamp is changed, it is not allowed to put the swivel chair on the workbench for operation. When the swivel chair moves its feet, it will lose its balance and fall down.
3.2 In principle, it is stipulated to use the miter ladder for temporary aerial work. To ensure that there is a connection in the middle of the inclined ladder (avoid crossing) and that the four feet have anti-slip and wear-resistant plastic sleeves, choose an inclined ladder with a moderate height to avoid standing directly at the top.
3.3 When working at high places with great force, do not control the force too much. If necessary, fasten a safety belt around your waist and fix it on a fixed object. If you use too much force to remove the screw at a high place, the wrench will be unscrewed, making your body lose balance and fall off.
3.4 When climbing a ladder, you must hold the ladder with one hand and observe the ladder step by step; Put an end to falling off the ladder with bare feet.
3.5 When carrying objects at heights, it is necessary to ensure that the walking route is smooth, without foreign objects and slippage, and keep your eyes on the road to prevent objects from falling off balance from heights.
3.6 When carrying large items up the stairs, climb the stairs steadily step by step to prevent falling down the stairs because the stair surface is invisible.
3.7 When climbing stairs, observe the stair surface step by step, so as to avoid falling from a height without looking at the stair surface or multi-step steps due to too fast steps.
3.8 When carrying articles at the opening, use guardrails as far as possible to ensure that the ground and work shoes do not slip, and then pull articles after standing firm. Put an end to the article wavering, dragging people to the beginning and falling.
4, to prevent being involved in the accident
When workers are careless and ignore the potential dangers in their work, accidents of being caught in the production workshop often occur. Therefore, attention should be paid to the following matters in operation to prevent accidents caused by being caught.
4. 1 When replacing the materials in the mounter or handling the abnormality, the top cover of the mounter must be opened to prevent the abnormality from being caught.
4.2 To maintain and repair the machine, when entering the machine guardrail, the machine must be stopped and a warning sign should be set to indicate that the machine is in? Under maintenance? Or? No boots? .
4.3 When more than one person is engaged in the same job, it is necessary to check the danger in the form of self-questioning and self-answering, and make a hand-held call to confirm safety.
4.4 The operator should wear a working cap according to the company's regulations, tuck his hair in the working cap and fasten the cuffs of his work clothes to prevent the moving parts from curling his hair and clothes from hurting people.
4.5 When handling and stacking articles with regular corners, handle them with care. After lifting or lowering them one by one, gradually put your hand into the bottom or out of the edge, and then lift or lower them. Prevent fingers from being pinched.
5. Prevention of Object Strike
An object strike accident refers to an accident caused by a splashing or falling object hitting a human body. Therefore, we need to pay attention to the following matters at work to prevent objects from hitting people.
5. 1 When stacking items, they must be stacked one layer at a time, and items with two similar layers need to be pressed across, so they cannot be stacked directly upward; And piled up according to the limited height specified by its weight to prevent it from collapsing and dumping, causing a blow accident.
5.2 When taking articles, gradually reduce the handling, so as to prevent the single column from being put high alone, causing dumping accidents.
5.3 aerial work personnel need to put articles or tools in a safe place. When using and replacing tools, handle them with care, ensure hand stability and prevent falling and collision accidents.
5.4 When disassembling an object, hold it with one hand or support it with other objects, and operate it with the other hand to prevent it from falling and hitting the human body.
5.5 In principle, it is required to deliver the goods by special person, and the sender will let go only after confirming that the recipient has held it firmly. It is forbidden to throw objects and objects at a distance.
5.6 At the scene of hanging objects, the lifting rope on the hook must be locked, and it is forbidden to stand and engage in other operations under the running route of hanging objects.
6, inflammable and explosive dangerous goods safety measures
In the production workshop, we often use some inflammable and explosive dangerous goods, such as alcohol, rosin, paint and washing water. In the process of use, transportation and storage, if it is poorly managed or improperly used, it will easily lead to fire and explosion accidents, causing casualties and equipment damage, and causing incalculable losses to the factory. Therefore, fire prevention and explosion prevention is a very important work. As a member of the company, we must learn and master the necessary safety knowledge.
6. 1 According to the factory regulations, it is forbidden to smoke in the production workshop and throw cigarette butts in the smoking area.
6.2 All kinds of inflammable and explosive articles must be stored in specified sealed containers and accurately identified. It is forbidden to bottle anything with mineral water.
6.3 When using naked flame at the job site, it must be reported to the production manager for approval, and necessary safety protection measures shall be taken.
6.4 Don't use mobile phones, electric welding machines, electric grinders and other electrical appliances that are easy to generate sparks in places where inflammable and explosive articles are stored.
6.5 Check the fire fighting facilities such as fire extinguishers and hydrants equipped in the production workshop at any time, and learn and master their uses and scope of application; In the absence of fire, anyone opens the package or adjusts the storage position without authorization.
6.6 The storage of inflammable and explosive dangerous goods shall be specially planned, away from power boxes and mechanical equipment, and there shall be special personnel responsible for inspection and management.
6.7 It is forbidden for anyone to clean the workshop floor and mechanical equipment with paraffin water.
7. Elevator safety
During the use and maintenance of the elevator, the following safety issues should be paid attention to:
7. 1 It must be implemented in accordance with the established elevator safety management system, managed by designated personnel, and regularly repaired, maintained and overhauled.
7.2 The production elevator can only transport articles, and ensure that the articles are placed smoothly. If it is placed on a forklift, the forklift should be lowered so that the splint can directly contact the surface of the elevator; Nobody is allowed to take the elevator.
7.3 In case of abnormal elevator operation, stop using it and immediately report to the superior to contact the elevator maintenance management personnel for maintenance. It is forbidden to run the elevator with faults and repair it without permission.
7.4 Smoking and slapstick are strictly prohibited in the elevator, and the switch in the elevator is not allowed to be touched at will.
7.5 In case of fire, you should not take the elevator, but escape from the safety exit.
7.6 The single weight of the articles transported by the elevator shall not exceed its rated allowable load.
8. It is safe to use a forklift.
Forklift trucks carry a lot of goods, are operated manually or electrically, and often carry goods in narrow spaces, so it is necessary to pay special attention to the implementation of the following safety measures:
8. 1 Before and after use, check whether the moving wheel is flexible in rotation and whether it is flexible in lifting. If any abnormality is found, it shall be reported to the superior in time, and maintenance shall be arranged. It is forbidden to let the forklift run with faults.
8.2 Forklift trucks must be used by specially trained personnel, and other personnel are prohibited from opening and using them privately.
8.3 The weight of the articles placed on the forklift must be less than its allowable load. If a single item (or a batch or a piece) is overweight, it needs multiple forklifts to carry it evenly. Or carried in small batches.
8.4 If pallets are used to transport goods, pallets of appropriate size must be used, and the fork width of the forklift should be as wide as possible to ensure its safety and stability.
8.5 When stacking items, it must be confirmed that there is no slack, and tied tightly with special belts or ropes to prevent loose collapse during handling.
8.6 The items placed on the forklift should keep the balance of position and weight.
8.7 It is forbidden to lift articles on the inclined road. Be careful when turning, going uphill and downhill. If necessary, slow down the handling speed, and use other reinforcement methods to ensure safety and prevent articles from being dumped on the forklift to hurt people.
8.8 It is forbidden to work under the forklift boom, and hands and feet shall not be put into the stable articles between the fixed columns.
8.9 When carrying goods, try to reduce the height of the goods lifted by the forklift to reduce the center of gravity and increase stability.
8. The10 forklift truck should be started and stopped step by step to prevent abnormality caused by too fast speed. During handling, check whether there are other operators and foreign objects in the operation area at any time.
8. 1 1 When carrying articles, be sure to pay attention to the road conditions and strictly control the speed to prevent collision with machinery, equipment, walls and doors; Pay special attention to reducing the speed when turning and the ground is wet.
8 12 Forklift is not allowed to stand on or ride on it when it is moving.
8. 13 When forklift trucks carry goods into fixed positions such as doors and elevators, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the width and height of the goods cannot exceed the size of the doors to prevent the doors from being damaged, and the goods from tilting or even collapsing.
8. When turning14, make sure that the other party is not blocked by people or foreign objects, and try to turn with a larger arc; At the same time, pay attention to the collision between the forklift tail and the corner.
8. 15 When carrying goods by forklift on overpass or balcony, both the weight of goods and the weight of forklift should be considered, and the sum of them should be ensured to be less than the allowable bearing capacity of overpass or balcony.
Significance of factory safety knowledge 1. Safety production benefits: direct social benefits and indirect enterprise economic benefits of protecting people's life safety and health; Direct social benefits of avoiding environmental hazards; Reduce the direct economic loss of enterprises caused by accidents; The indirect economic benefits of ensuring the normal production of enterprises; Promote the direct economic benefits of production.
2. The significance and value of safety in production for enterprises: safety in production is the responsibility entrusted to enterprises by the state and the government; It is the requirement of society and employees; It is a condition for production and operation access; This is an element of market competition; Is the foundation of sustainable development; Is an inseparable part of profit.