E-government and its requirements for the quality of civil servants E-government is an administrative way for government agencies to use modern information technology, network technology, office automation technology and other high-tech means to carry out government activities, fully exercise their management functions on a safe and reliable network platform, carry out government activities efficiently and openly, and provide various high-quality public services to the public. Fundamentally speaking, e-government is the revolution of government management mode, the inevitable product of network technology in the information age, and the call of the new international pattern of economic globalization for an efficient and open government platform. It is an inevitable choice for our current and future government activities to follow the general trend of information age and economic globalization, vigorously promote national informatization and establish perfect electronic services as soon as possible. I. Characteristics and Significance of E-government Compared with traditional government affairs, E-government has many advantages, such as advanced administrative means, access to administrative information, openness of government activities, real-time two-way communication between the government and the public, etc., thus becoming an important part of government information construction in all countries of the world. First, the administrative concept has changed from supervision to service. In traditional government affairs, government administration emphasizes management and control, which seriously restricts the enthusiasm and creativity of enterprises and individuals and easily encourages the "yamen" style of government workers. The openness of e-government administrative behavior and the enjoyment of administrative information urge government civil servants to manage and serve administrative affairs democratically with a positive attitude. They must firmly establish the concept of "management is service", handle administrative affairs openly and fairly, and take service as the ultimate goal. Second, the management mode has changed from transactional operation to knowledge intelligence. Most routine and routine administrative affairs in traditional government affairs will be handled through computer network and office automation, and carried out according to preset procedures. Government civil servants can get rid of the tedious daily administrative operations and put their knowledge, ability, experience and energy into innovative management activities. Third, the administrative efficiency has changed from multi-level and single inefficiency to multi-function and comprehensive efficiency. In traditional government affairs, the government management system has a fine division of labor, many levels and low efficiency. There are deep-seated disadvantages such as unreasonable institutional setup, overlapping functions of various departments, excessive examination and approval, imprecise office order, unreasonable administrative process, low transparency and black-box operation. E-government takes the public service demand as the starting point, and uses network technology to implement centralization, modularization, seamless integration and one-stop service, which is not limited by time and space, thus greatly improving administrative efficiency and improving government management performance. While overcoming the above drawbacks, e-government requires civil servants to gradually shift their focus from functional division to multi-functional integration, and have the ability to handle comprehensive business. 2. Requirements of e-government on the quality of civil servants The requirements of e-government on the quality of civil servants are mainly reflected in the following aspects: (1) Firmly establish the "service concept". The implementation of e-government, national civil servants on behalf of the government and citizens on the Internet equal dialogue and exchange; With interaction, information sharing and open communication, people's status tends to be equal. In addition, the ultimate goal of e-government is to provide comprehensive and convenient public services for the society. Therefore, civil servants should first change their ideas, from the "official standard" administrative concept to the "people-oriented" administrative concept, bearing in mind the purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly. Do everything for the people, and enhance the sense of professionalism and responsibility in handling government affairs. (2) Master excellent administrative knowledge. Integrated, modular, integrated and one-stop online service requires administrators to constantly update their knowledge, improve their knowledge structure, increase their knowledge stock, change their thinking and working methods, and improve their ability to respond, judge, respond to emergencies and comprehensively analyze and solve problems, so as to adapt to the open and transparent online administrative environment. (3) Strong information processing ability. The essence of e-government is the combination of information technology and government activities, which requires civil servants at all levels to master certain information processing technology and have high information management ability. This ability mainly includes the perception, insight, analysis and generalization of information. Can have a keen sense and profound insight into all kinds of information, identify, analyze and process all kinds of complex information, summarize, refine, summarize and summarize the utilization value of information, tap the potential value of information and make rational use of information. (4) Proficient in computer applications. Have sufficient knowledge of computer software and hardware, master and operate application software skillfully, and be able to handle government affairs online. (five) have a comprehensive understanding of communication and network. For example, it is necessary to understand the concepts of communication network technology, network language and symbols. 3. The current gap in information literacy of civil servants. Civil servants are the direct implementers of e-government, and their quality determines the effectiveness of e-government construction, especially the information quality of civil servants, which directly affects the quality, efficiency and progress of e-government. In 2006, Beijing Meilande Information Company conducted a survey on the scientific literacy of civil servants in Beijing. The results show that although the scientific literacy of civil servants is higher than that of the public in Beijing, the actual level of self-renewal of scientific knowledge is quite low. Among them, the level of Internet application is only 32.5, the online rate of civil servants is only 54.2%, and the frequent online rate is only 17.4. 45.7% of civil servants "never surf the Internet". It can be seen that the biggest obstacle to the implementation of e-government is that civil servants lack training, skills and knowledge and do not know how to do e-government well in their own institutions. At present, the low information awareness and skills of civil servants in China are mainly manifested in the following aspects: (1) weak information awareness and lack of sufficient understanding of e-government. Many civil servants lack sufficient psychological preparation and knowledge preparation for the arrival of the information age, and are used to working in accordance with traditional government thinking and methods, and their concepts can't keep up with the pace of the knowledge economy era. In particular, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the positioning, objectives, implementation strategies and methods of e-government. We regard e-government as a simple "government online project", which seems to be e-government with government websites. In many places, "government websites" have little information and slow content updates, and only play the role of "propaganda stations". (B) low information skills, do not master the basic knowledge and application technology of e-government. According to a survey conducted by Beijing Meilande Information Company, 78% of civil servants in Beijing mistake data, documents and other materials for computer software. This shows that there is a gap not only in computer technology, but also in network technology, office automation technology and e-government application technology. Many civil servants only know the simple operation of the computer, just watch the news online, chat and play games. They can't send and receive emails, use FTP or process official documents online. Most civil servants lack systematic understanding of e-government, systematic training in computer application technology and weak foundation, so they can't handle their work with computers. (3) Lack of correct understanding of the composition, basic requirements and basic structure of e-government system. I don't know the value and function of information technology and equipment, and I don't know how to combine it with technology and equipment in a friendly way to give full play to the best performance of technology and equipment. In other words, the optimal combination of man and machine cannot be achieved. E-government system is a typical man-machine system, and its core is how to realize the best man-machine combination. (D) Civil servants have psychological barriers to the implementation of e-government. On the one hand, most civil servants are used to hierarchical management and giving orders in traditional government affairs, fearing that the development of e-government will pose a threat to their own interests, thus generating negative resistance; On the other hand, most civil servants have not received systematic information, networking and computer technology training, but only piecemeal job training. Their knowledge and skills are not suitable for the needs of e-government and it is difficult to learn. The negative attitude of "can't do, don't want to learn" also affects the promotion of e-government. Strengthening the training of civil servants is an urgent task to promote e-government and national informatization construction. The core is to do a good job in training civil servants: (1) Training institutions should offer different levels and forms of e-government training courses as needed. Civil servants have an urgent desire to reinvent themselves, showing a strong cognitive tendency towards new knowledge, new ideas and new things. The survey shows that when asked, "If you have the opportunity to study or participate in training, would you like to participate?"? What knowledge do you need to improve most? " 1 0,000% people expressed their willingness to participate, and 87.6% people wanted to learn "computer operating procedures and network knowledge". This shows that training is necessary. With the continuous development of information technology, e-government training is also going on. Therefore, courses should be set according to different needs. Demand can be in the form of questionnaire, which can provide the latest information on the development of e-government and obtain the technical status of civil servants. According to the survey results, different levels of training should be set up: 1. Basic level: further consolidate the study of basic skills of e-government, such as skilled operation of computers and application of government office software. This level mainly faces civil servants with low computer level. According to the training in previous years, some older civil servants have some difficulties in learning, but the software and hardware facilities of e-government in remote areas with poor conditions can't keep up, and civil servants feel useless after learning. With the increasing investment in e-government software and hardware, the digital divide in China is gradually narrowing. Therefore, this level of training should last for quite some time according to the target. 2. Application layer: on the basis of mastering the skills of e-government, constantly update knowledge and study and implement the new national policies and regulations on e-government. Due to the continuous injection of fresh blood into the civil service, the proportion of civil servants at this level is increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the awareness of innovation and security, and cultivate certain data analysis ability. At present, the problem of "information island" in China's e-government is still very serious. Civil servants at this level should participate in the integration of information and work hard to further improve the efficiency of e-government in China. This level should be the focus of e-government training at present. 3. Technical layer: To have a high technical level and understand the core of e-government system, it is necessary to further strengthen the ability of database building and data mining technology. Civil servants at this level are the backbone of government e-government. They have both the high quality of "government level" and "electronic technology", and shoulder the heavy responsibility of using government system to build a decision-making platform and provide decision-making suggestions for the government through knowledge analysis and data mining. They are information CIOs of government departments. In view of the different levels of training, different objects and abilities, the training methods adopted are not the same. (B) E-government training and innovation ability are closely integrated. The implementation of e-government is not simply to put the existing government business, office and procedures on the computer intact, but to innovate the traditional working mode, working methods and working means. This requires all kinds of civil servants at all levels to have certain innovation ability. To promote institutional innovation with technological innovation, guarantee and promote technological innovation with institutional innovation, promote administrative system reform and optimize policy environment, it needs new management means and new technical support. E-government has opened up a brand-new space and provided a brand-new technical platform for China's administrative system reform and other reforms. It can effectively improve the supervision work, promote the government's diligence and clean government, help improve the government's service to society, improve the government's office efficiency, and promote the improvement of the policy environment conducive to innovation. (3) Strengthen safety awareness education. At present, our government's network security operation coefficient is relatively low, and its defense ability is very fragile, so it is difficult to resist any form of electronic attacks. According to the investigation and analysis of relevant departments, after the "9. 1 1" incident, during the hacking war between China and the United States, government websites accounted for 41.5% of the mainland websites attacked; 95% network management centers connected to the Internet have been hacked. There are more than 1/2 networks involving state secrets in the central ministries and commissions, which do not meet the national security and confidentiality standards. In recent years, the cases of hacker attacks, computer crimes and leaks in China are on the rise year by year, and the economic losses caused by the biggest criminal cases are as high as 2 1 10,000 yuan. Internet has accelerated the speed of leaking secrets, expanded the scope of leaking secrets and increased economic losses. According to statistics, online leak cases have accounted for13 of all leak cases. There are many reasons for the weak security of e-government, which involve not only technical issues, but also social issues such as laws, regulations, policies, confidentiality, understanding and management. Therefore, it is very important to improve the safety awareness of civil servants. (d) Combining e-government training with civil service recruitment. In view of the young people who take the civil service examination and have a certain level of information technology, we can put the training content at the grass-roots level in the examination and reduce the task of e-government training in the civil service induction training.