Basic introduction Chinese name: respirator mbth: respirator alias: gas mask function: emergency rescue and disaster relief, fire operation introduction, positive pressure type, filter type, common parameters, domestic and foreign gaps, classification, according to design principles, according to use, technical standards, domestic product standards, EU product standards, development trends, development history and new development, brief introduction respirator is also called gas storage gas mask, sometimes also called fire mask. This series of products has the advantages of light weight, small volume and convenient use among similar products. It has the advantages of convenient maintenance, comfortable wearing and stable performance, and is an ideal personal respiratory protection device for emergency rescue and disaster relief and fire fighting. MSA BD2 100-MAX air respirator This product must be tested by the National Fire Equipment Quality Supervision and Inspection Center and meet the requirements of GA 124-2004 Positive Pressure Fire air respirator. Marine breathing apparatus has passed the approval and inspection of China Classification Society. Barograph: 1. Mask; 2. Gas cylinders; 3. Bottle belt group; 4. Shoulder straps; 5. Alarm whistle; 6. Pressure gauge; 7. Gas cylinder valve; 8. Pressure reducer; 9. Back support; 10. Band group; 1 1. Quick connector; 12. Supply valve. As shown in the figure, the barotropic air respirator consists of 12, and the characteristics of each part are introduced as follows: barotropic air respirator 1. Mask: large field of view window, the lens of the window is made of polycarbonate, which has high transparency, strong wear resistance and anti-fog function. The mesh hood is comfortable and convenient to wear, and the colloid is made of silicone rubber, which is non-toxic and tasteless and does not puncture. 2. Gas cylinder: fully wound composite gas cylinder, aluminum liner, carbon fiber, working pressure of 30MPa, light weight, high strength, good safety performance, and high-pressure safety protection device for bottle valve. 3. Bottle belt assembly: The bottle belt clamp is a quick cam locking mechanism, and the bottle belt is always in a closed loop state. The gas cylinder will not turn over. 4. Shoulder strap: flame-retardant polyester fabric is adopted, and the shoulder strap adopts an adjustable structure on both sides, so that the weight falls on the waist and crotch, reducing the oppression of the shoulder strap on the chest and making breathing smooth. The shoulder strap is equipped with a wide elastic pad to reduce the pressure on the shoulder. 5. Alarm whistle: placed on the chest, the alarm sound is easy to distinguish, small in size and light in weight. 6. Pressure gauge: large dial with night vision function and rubber protective cover. 7. Gas cylinder valve: with high-pressure safety device, small opening torque. 8. Pressure reducer: small volume, large flow and stable output pressure. 9. Backrest: The design of the backrest conforms to the principle of ergonomics and is made of carbon fiber composite material by injection molding. It has the function of flame retardant and antistatic, light and strong, and the inner side of the backrest is lined with elastic pads, which can make the wearer comfortable. 10. belt set: buckle lock, easy to adjust. 1 1. Quick connector: small and compact, can be operated with one hand, and has locking and anti-dropping functions. 12. Supply valve: simple structure, strong functionality, large output flow, bypass output and small volume. Generally speaking, it is composed of compressed air bottle, pressure reducer, pressure gauge, gas pipeline, hood, backpack and so on. , which can provide constant gas for more than 10 or 15 minutes. It can be used by people in toxic, harmful, smoky and anoxic environment to escape. A pressure gauge is installed on the gas cylinder to always display the pressure in the gas cylinder, and an exhalation valve is installed on the hood or full-face hood to exhaust the gas exhaled by the user from the protective hood. Because the gas pressure in the protective cover is greater than the atmospheric pressure of the external environment, environmental gas cannot enter the protective cover, thus achieving the purpose of respiratory protection. The device is small in size and can be carried by people without affecting their normal activities. The structure is simple, the operation is convenient, and users can operate correctly simply by reading the instructions without training. Filter respirator is a new type of filtering equipment newly developed at home and abroad. It can filter particles and bacteria above 0.22um in liquid, and has the advantages of high filtering accuracy, fast transition speed, less adsorption, no medium removal, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, convenient operation and so on. It is a necessary equipment for medicine, chemical industry, electronics, beverage, fruit wine, biochemical water treatment, environmental protection and other industries. It is mainly used to prevent impurities, harmful bacteria and microorganisms in the air from entering the tank, production line and aseptic room, causing changes in water quality, products and aseptic room environment. Common parameter materials: 304, 3 16L filtration accuracy (um): 0.22- 100 filtration capacity (t/h): 0.2 filter element length (m/m): 5 inches, 10 inch working pressure (MPa): 0./kloc Foreign full-face covers and back frames are designed and manufactured according to ergonomic principles. The sealing frame of the full face cover is soft and has good sealing performance. The back frame is very close to the back of human body, which is comfortable to carry and evenly stressed. The air supply valve has large air supply flow and flexible valve. Classification of respirators According to the design principle, respirators are generally divided into air respirator and oxygen respirators. The working time in air respirator is generally 30-360min, and the maximum protection time is different according to different respirator models. Generally speaking, the protection time of air respirator is slightly shorter than that of oxygen respirator. Air respirator is for firefighters or emergency rescuers to carry out fire fighting, emergency rescue and rescue work safely and effectively in various environments such as smoke, toxic gas, steam or lack of oxygen. Oxygen respirator is also called isolated compressed oxygen respirator. The respiratory system is isolated from the outside world, and the instrument forms an internal circulation with the human respiratory system. Oxygen is provided by high-pressure gas cylinders, and gas is stored by airbags when breathing and inhaling. According to the purpose, the commonly used respiratory protective equipment can be divided into working respirator and escape respirator (commonly known as gas mask). Working breathing apparatus can be divided into positive pressure air respirator and positive pressure oxygen breathing apparatus. Escape breathing apparatus can be divided into filter self-rescue breathing apparatus and chemical oxygen self-rescue breathing apparatus. Their respective working principles and their advantages and disadvantages The working principle of positive pressure air respirator is that the compressed clean air stored in a gas cylinder is decompressed for the first time through a decompressor, and then decompressed through an air supply valve for the wearer to breathe. The utility model has the advantages that the open structure is adopted, the exhaled gas is directly discharged into the atmosphere, the gas supply flow is large, and the wearer can breathe comfortably; With the positive pressure structure, the pressure in the mask is always greater than the external atmospheric pressure, so that the external harmful gas cannot invade the wearer's respiratory organs, and the use safety factor is high; Can be repeatedly inflated for use, and has low use cost. Therefore, firefighters and rescuers prefer to choose positive pressure air respirator. Its disadvantage is that it takes a short time, generally around 1 hour. The working principle of positive pressure oxygen respirator is that the gas exhaled by the wearer enters a clean tank through a full-face mask, an expiratory hose and an expiratory valve, the absorbent (Ca(OH)2) in the clean tank absorbs carbon dioxide in the gas, and the remaining gas enters an airbag. In addition, the compressed oxygen stored in the gas cylinder enters the airbag through the high-pressure pipe and the pressure reducer and is mixed into oxygen-containing gas. When the wearer inhales, the oxygen-containing gas enters the wearer's respiratory organs from the airbag through the inhalation valve, the inhalation hose and the full-face mask to complete a respiratory cycle. In this process, because the expiratory valve and the inspiratory valve are both one-way valves, the breathing airflow always flows in one direction. Chemical reaction formula: Ca(OH)2+CO2→CaCO3+H2O+Q takes a long time, usually about 4 hours; The positive pressure structure makes the internal pressure of the mask always greater than the external pressure, so that the external harmful gas cannot invade the wearer's respiratory organs, which improves the use safety factor. Therefore, mine rescuers like to choose positive pressure oxygen respirator. Its disadvantages are: using closed circulation, a lot of heat is generated in the process of absorbing carbon dioxide, and breathing feels uncomfortable; Users must have certain professional knowledge and operating skills, because absorbent and cooling ice need to be installed before use; The use cost is relatively high. The working principle of the filter-type self-rescue respirator is that toxic and harmful gases are adsorbed and catalyzed by treated active carbon, catalysts and other drugs, making them become non-toxic and harmless gases for the wearer to breathe. The utility model has the advantages that the open structure is adopted, the exhaled gas is directly discharged into the atmosphere, and the wearer is comfortable to breathe. Its disadvantages are: the limitation of use occasions. Filtered self-rescue respirator has strong pertinence, and the types of toxic and harmful gases to be protected depend on the number and types of drugs contained in the cylinder. When the type of toxic and harmful gas is unknown, the concentration is too high or beyond its protection range, it cannot be used. When the oxygen concentration in the environment is lower than 17%, it cannot be used. The working principle of chemical oxygen self-rescue respirator is that the water vapor and carbon dioxide in the exhaled gas of the wearer react with the oxygen generator (KO2) to generate oxygen-rich gas for the wearer to breathe back and forth. Chemical reaction formula: 4ko2+2h2o → 4koh+3o2+q2koh+CO2 → k2co3+H2O+q has the function that the respiratory system is isolated from the outside air, free from any toxic and harmful gases and smog, and suitable for various toxic and harmful gases and anoxic environments. Its disadvantages are: closed circulation, plus a lot of heat generated during the chemical reaction, so it feels uncomfortable to breathe. Technical standard Domestic product standard GB 16556- 1996 "Self-sufficient air respirator"; GA 124-2004 Positive Pressure Fire Fighting air respirator; MT867-2000 isolated positive pressure oxygen respirator; GA209- 1999 filter type self-rescue breathing apparatus for fire fighting; GA4 1 1-2003 chemical oxygen self-rescue breathing apparatus for fire fighting. European union product standard EN 137- 1993 "air respirator technical requirements, tests and marks"; 145- 1997 respiratory protector-closed-circuit respirator with compressed oxygen or oxygen-nitrogen self-protection-requirements, tests and marks; En 403: 1993 "fire filter type self-rescue breathing mask"; En 40 1: 1992 respiratory protective equipment for self-rescue; Regeneration device; Chemical oxygen (KO2) self-rescuer; Requirements, tests and marks. Because Germany is in a leading position in the field of respiratory protection, its product standards have been adopted as European standards by European countries, and all countries in the world have taken this as a model to formulate their own standards. The consistency between GA 124-2004 and China EN 137- 1993 is non-equivalent, while the consistency between GA209- 1999 and EN403: 1993 is equivalent, GA 4/KLOC-. The development trend and history of early development events in China China began to design and manufacture oxygen masks by itself in 1950s. At that time, in order to cooperate with the nuclear bullet test, the General Staff of the People's Liberation Army handed over the task of developing gas masks to Beijing Institute of Chemical Defense. The prototype provided at that time was a gas mask made in the former Soviet Union. The first generation of oxygen mask in China was developed by Beijing Institute of Chemical Defense in 1959, which provided an effective guarantee for China's nuclear test. Later, the first military gas mask factory of the General Staff Department was established in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province-Shanxi Xinhua Chemical Plant, which mainly produced various military gas mask canisters. At the end of 1970s, China got rid of the disaster of the Cultural Revolution and the national economy began to fully recover. At that time, China implemented the policy of foreign reform and development, and international exchanges were increasing. Many advanced air respirator have been introduced into the fire fighting, coal mining and petrochemical systems in China. At that time, air respirator was a negative pressure air respirator (the pressure in the mask was lower than the ambient pressure). The gas cylinder is a steel gas cylinder, the volume density ratio is 1. 1- 1.2, and the inflation pressure is 20MPa. 1982, Shanghai Fire Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security cooperated with Shanghai Diving Equipment Factory to successfully develop the first generation of HZK-7 fire-fighting air respirator in China on the basis of Japanese and British products. At that time, the HZK-7 fire fighting air respirator was a negative pressure air respirator. 1988, Shanghai Fire Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security cooperated with Fushun Coal Mine Safety Instrument General Factory to develop the first generation of positive pressure air respirator in China on the basis of PA-80 positive pressure air respirator of DRAGER Company. At that time, product sales ranked first in the country. From 65438 to 0989, the positive pressure air respirator developed by Shanghai Diving Equipment Factory was also successfully appraised in Shanghai. Changing the respirator from negative pressure type to positive pressure type is a major breakthrough in technology. Since then, positive pressure respirator has become the mainstream direction of development because of its high safety factor and comfortable breathing. DRAGER has made great contribution to the development of barotropic air respirator in China. The technicians of German DRAGER Company gave a very detailed introduction to PA-80 positive pressure air respirator, which provided a basis for the development of positive pressure air respirator in China. In addition, German DRAGER Company also provided us with a variety of fire breathing protection devices such as long tube positive pressure air respirator and gas masks. At the end of 1990s, with the wide application of new technologies, new materials and new processes, carbon fiber fully wound aluminum alloy lined composite cylinders came into being in China. Its birth reduced the wearing weight of the positive pressure air respirator complete set by 30%, thus effectively reducing the workload of firefighters and rescuers and ensuring the smooth fire fighting and rescue work. The Fire Department of the Ministry of Public Security issued a notice in time to replace the carbon fiber fully wound aluminum alloy liner composite gas cylinder. Scientists from newly developed countries are constantly studying the improvement of air respirator. Air respirator's biggest weakness is its short use time, and effectively extending the use time is the most concerned topic. There are several ways to prolong the service life: 1. On the premise of keeping the existing wear weight unchanged, the gas storage capacity of the gas cylinder is increased by increasing the rated working pressure and volume of the gas cylinder. Try to adopt new materials and new processes to reduce the weight of the full-face cover, gas cylinder valve, gas supply valve, pressure reducer, back frame and other parts, leaving room for the increase of gas cylinder weight. The maximum rated working pressure of gas cylinders is 30MPa. If it is increased to 60MPa, the gas storage capacity of the gas cylinder will be doubled and the service time will be doubled accordingly. When the volume of the gas cylinder is doubled, the gas storage capacity of the gas cylinder will be doubled and the service time will be doubled accordingly. If they are organically combined, the gas storage capacity will increase geometrically. 2. Reduce unnecessary gas consumption. For example, "breathing ambient air" and "breathing cylinder air" can be switched freely, and the filter respirator and air respirator can be switched freely. 3. The application of electronic sensing technology in air respirator has formed an intelligent air respirator. When the concentration of external toxic gas exceeds the standard or the oxygen concentration is lower than 17%, it will automatically switch to air respirator. Another development direction of air respirator is the improvement of products, including the organic combination of sound and light alarm, communication device, emergency call and light guidance. In dim light, firefighters can find their teammates quickly when they see light on their backs. Through communication equipment, firefighters can contact teammates and command vehicles. Once a firefighter encounters an accident, the emergency call device will automatically turn on to guide his teammates to rescue in time. In addition to the above development direction, technicians studying air respirator in various countries are improving and perfecting the basic structural components such as air supply valve, gas cylinder valve, pressure reducer, alarm, pressure gauge and back frame. Strive for simplicity, reliability and perfection. According to all the respirators on the market, although there are many brands of respirators and their overall shapes vary widely, in general, we can divide them into the following different types. Respirators can be classified into positive pressure air respirator, mobile oxygen respirator, long tube air respirator, positive pressure oxygen respirator and positive pressure air respirator. What needs to be emphasized here is that air respirator and oxygen respirator are very different, so don't confuse them. The use of respirator is basically the same. No matter what kind of mask we buy, when we get the mask, we need to do a simple inspection first to ensure that the mask we buy is a regular mask. We need to check several key parts of the full face mask. This includes the lens of the full-face mask, the strap of the full-face mask, whether the annular sealing degree of the regular respirator is intact, and finally, there are two key valves, namely the exhalation valve and the inhalation valve of the respirator, which directly affect the use of the respirator.