Keywords:: measures to deal with hidden dangers of fire safety in colleges and universities
China Library Classification Number: X92 Document Identification Number: A Document Number:1672-3791(2012) 05 (c)-0252-01.
1 Major fire safety hazards in colleges and universities at present
Hardware configuration of 1. 1
(1) The old building has a low fire resistance rating. Most famous universities in China have a history of hundreds of years, such as Wuhan University. Many buildings are designed for a long time. At that time, the design did not consider the fire protection factors too much, which did not meet the current fire safety requirements at all. Many old-fashioned teaching buildings are mostly brick-wood structures, with low fire resistance rating and the building length does not meet the requirements of fire protection technical specifications. Most of them have no fire separation. The corridor in the building is long and crowded, so it is not easy to evacuate.
(2) The dormitory is seriously overloaded with electricity. In today's era of electronic products flooding, every place is inseparable from power supply. Now every student in colleges and universities is equipped with a personal computer, and the dormitory has various electrical equipment such as air conditioning, stereo and rapid heating. Some schools have built dormitories for a long time without considering the future power load, and there are fewer sockets installed in the dormitory. In order to meet the use requirements of various electrical appliances, it is often the case that multiple sockets are connected to one socket for the use of various electrical appliances. For the phenomenon of pulling wires and abusing electrical appliances in the dormitory privately, the supervision of the dormitory is not in place, and the students have poor fire awareness. They believe that high-load electricity consumption in a short period of time will not lead to fire, and carelessness is also one of the important reasons for fire.
(3) Improper storage and lax management of laboratory chemicals. University laboratories, especially chemistry laboratories, have a lot of chemically active chemicals, as well as many harmful and highly toxic substances. The unreasonable storage and use of these flammable and explosive drugs used in experiments will directly lead to various fires and even explosions. There are many loopholes in the storage, use and management of inflammable and explosive dangerous goods in some universities.
(4) The fire fighting equipment in the laboratory is obsolete and poorly equipped. According to the daily work investigation, it is found that the fire-fighting facilities in university laboratories were generally used more than ten years ago, and the aging equipment has long lost its fire-fighting effect. There are many kinds of laboratories in colleges and universities, and the methods of fire extinguishing cannot be generalized. Therefore, the use of fire extinguishing equipment and fire extinguishing agent cannot be the same, especially in electronic and physical and chemical laboratories. Different fire extinguishing equipment should be equipped according to the specific nature of the laboratories. Colleges and universities do not pay enough attention to this aspect, either because they are improperly equipped, or even if they are equipped with new fire-fighting equipment, they ignore the regular inspection and management of the equipment, and some ineffective fire-fighting equipment simply cannot meet the requirements of safety and fire prevention. Once a fire breaks out in the laboratory where valuable precision scientific research instruments and equipment are stored, it will cause great property losses to colleges and universities.
1.2 software management
(1) Smoking or throwing cigarette butts in the dormitory is serious. According to a survey, more than 30% of college students are smokers, especially boys. College students generally stay in the dormitory for a long time, and basically smoke in the dormitory when reviewing their lessons or having a rest. However, university dormitories are basically occupied by 6-8 people, and the rooms are generally crowded. In addition, the dormitory is full of flammable items, including students' quilts, clothes, wooden tables and chairs, etc. And the fire load is relatively large. Once these dangerous cigarette butts are carelessly discarded or dropped on combustible materials such as clothes or bedding, it is easy to cause fire accidents.
(2) Fire safety management and education in dormitories are not in place, and students' fire awareness is poor. At present, there are still some weak links in the fire safety management of university dormitories. The management of most college students' dormitories is undertaken by temporary workers hired by the school, which is not only highly mobile, but also most of them have not received fire fighting skills training before taking up their posts and have not obtained professional qualification certificates issued by the fire department. Once a fire breaks out, they don't know how to escape, let alone command students to evacuate and save themselves.
(3) The rules and regulations of laboratory safety in colleges and universities are not implemented. Generally, a large number of expensive and high-precision experimental instruments and inflammable and explosive experimental articles are stored in university laboratories. Personnel engaged in laboratory management must strictly implement safety and fire prevention rules and regulations and work in strict accordance with experimental operation procedures. However, at present, most colleges and universities still attach importance to scientific research and neglect safety, and laboratory managers are not aware of fire safety and their thoughts are careless, resulting in the failure to implement the Regulations on Fire Safety Management in Laboratories and other rules and regulations.
(4) The fire fighting system of university library is not perfect. Although all colleges and universities have formulated relevant rules and regulations, some libraries have been established for a long time, and with the development of society, facilities and equipment are constantly added. However, the rules and regulations still follow the old methods and cannot meet the needs of the new situation at all. In some libraries, because the fire responsibility system is not implemented, the relevant staff have a weak sense of fire control, and they rarely contact or have never received fire safety training. In the event of a fire, the staff do not know how to evacuate people and deal with the initial fire.
2 Colleges and universities should take some measures
2. 1 It is necessary to strengthen the renovation of old buildings and the supervision of campus electricity consumption.
Most of the old buildings in colleges and universities are decorated with brick and wood structures at the same time, and more combustible materials are used, so the fire resistance of the buildings is low. When a fire breaks out, it spreads rapidly and is difficult to put out, which is easy to cause heavy casualties and property losses. Therefore, colleges and universities should transform old buildings in a planned way while retaining their original features, and do not use or use flammable or combustible substances as building materials as little as possible to improve the fire resistance rating of buildings. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the management of campus electricity consumption and ensure that specialized personnel regularly check the campus electrical lines. If it is found that the electrical wiring is aging, overloaded, and the installation does not meet the specifications or the use of electrical equipment does not meet the safety requirements, it should be replaced or rectified in time to ensure the fire safety of the electrical wiring and electrical equipment.
2.2 Strengthen the fire supervision of key parts.
Colleges and universities should strengthen the fire safety inspection of key parts such as student dormitories, libraries and laboratories to eliminate fire hazards. Most colleges and universities are key units of fire safety, so fire safety inspection should be carried out in strict accordance with the Fire Protection Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) to eliminate fire hazards. In terms of management, students are forbidden to connect the power cord in the dormitory privately to prevent the use of high-power electrical appliances. Dormitory administrators should remind students not to smoke in bed; If it is found that the electrical circuit is aging, it is necessary to organize electrician to repair and replace it in time, and we should not take any chances. Libraries should also choose different fire-fighting equipment according to different types of places; It is forbidden to set up high-voltage distribution boxes and use high-power incandescent lamps for lighting in the stacks, and the lamp holder position should be set above the aisle; The light bulb should keep a sufficient safe distance from books, film materials and other combustible materials; The laboratory shall designate a special safety administrator to establish a complete system for receiving and using inflammable and explosive dangerous chemicals, and shall not be left idle in the laboratory after use.
2.3 improve students' fire protection concept
Colleges and universities should incorporate fire safety education into their regular work and make unremitting efforts. At the same time, fire safety education should be included in the examination scope as a compulsory course. In the usual teaching, we can combine all kinds of hidden dangers and accidents around us to carry out targeted educational activities. Management departments at all levels in colleges and universities should make use of class meetings, blackboard newspapers, safety lectures and other forms to carry out fire protection popularization education, popularize fire safety knowledge to teachers and students at school, and make all teachers and students really build a safety defense line ideologically. Dormitory management departments should adhere to the fire safety inspection system, colleges, departments and classes should regularly carry out fire safety inspection and supervision actions every semester, rectify hidden dangers and problems found in time, and take effective measures to strictly guard against those that are difficult to rectify at the moment. Colleges and universities should organize students to study fire laws and regulations, detailed rules for the implementation of fire safety management in colleges and universities and dormitory safety management regulations in a planned way every semester. When freshmen enter school, they should organize to watch fire safety education films, hold special lectures on fire safety, and hold fire drills in conjunction with local fire departments to effectively improve students' awareness of prevention and safety, and truly nip all kinds of fire hazards in the bud.
refer to
[1] Huang Zhenwu. On the fire control work in colleges and universities [J]. Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities (Natural Science Edition), 2007(8): 193.
[2] Ji Yingbo. On the Safety and Fire Prevention of University Laboratories [J]. journal of shandong institute of business and technology, 2004(9):83.