I. Purchase (lease)

1. The machinery entering the construction site must be produced by regular manufacturers, and must have a production license and factory certificate.

2. It is strictly forbidden to purchase and lease products explicitly eliminated by the state and machinery and equipment that are not allowed to be used according to regulations.

3. It is strictly forbidden to purchase and lease mechanical equipment that fails to meet the safety technical standards after inspection.

4. It is strictly prohibited to lease mechanical equipment with serious hidden dangers and no renovation or maintenance value.

Second, the installation (removal)

1. The machinery and equipment have passed the inspection by the inspection and testing institutions recognized by the relevant departments of the state or province, and passed the product technical appraisal organized by the relevant departments of the state or province.

2, shall not be installed belongs to the national and provincial explicitly eliminated or restricted the use of mechanical equipment.

3. Second-hand machinery and equipment purchased by construction enterprises must have a quality and safety technical inspection report issued by a mechanical inspection and testing unit recognized by the relevant departments of the state or province. The using unit shall organize professional technicians to check and accept the technical performance and quality of the machinery and equipment. If it meets the conditions for safe use, it shall be signed and agreed by the technical director of the using unit.

4. The following technical documents shall be prepared for all kinds of mechanical equipment: (1) Graphical procedures and detailed instructions for installation, disassembly and testing of mechanical equipment; (2) Debugging and explanation of various safety devices and limit devices; (3) Maintenance and transportation instructions; (4) Installation of operating procedures; (5) Production license (lifting machinery and equipment for which the state applies production license), product appraisal certificate and qualification certificate; (6) Catalogue of accessories and supporting tools; (7) Other precautions

5. Units engaged in the installation and disassembly of mechanical equipment shall not engage in the installation and disassembly of mechanical equipment until they have obtained the corresponding qualification certificate and safety qualification certificate issued by the construction administrative department according to law.

6, mechanical equipment installation, demolition units, should be in accordance with the requirements and regulations of mechanical equipment safety technical specifications for installation, demolition activities, mechanical equipment installation units responsible for the installation quality of the installed mechanical equipment.

7. Operators and management personnel engaged in the installation and disassembly of machinery and equipment shall pass the examination by the construction administrative department and obtain the post certificate of construction machinery and equipment operators in a unified national format before they can engage in the corresponding operation or management work.

Third, the acceptance test

1, mechanical equipment installation unit must establish the following mechanical equipment installation engineering data files, and within 30 days after the acceptance, the relevant technical data will be handed over to the user, who will deposit them in the mechanical equipment safety technical files:

(1), contract or task book

(2) Mechanical equipment installation and acceptance data

(3) Special construction scheme and technical measures for mechanical equipment.

2, mechanical equipment can be used normally after installation, in line with the relevant provisions and technical requirements.

Fourth, use

1, mechanical equipment operators, must hold relevant certificates.

2, the operation must strictly implement the mechanical technology operating rules and technical disclosure.

3. The person responsible for non-mechanic operation shall be investigated and dealt with according to the regulations of the company.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) maintenance

1, the purpose of regular maintenance: the correct and reasonable use of mechanical equipment and serious and timely maintenance, its purpose is to ensure the normal operation of equipment, prolong the service life of mechanical equipment, and prevent undue damage and undue mechanical accidents.

2. Maintenance items: cleaning, lubrication, adjustment, firmness and anti-corrosion.

VI. Maintenance and transformation

1. Minor repair: The main work of minor repair is to inspect, trim, replace or simply repair the parts with less wear, and restore the performance of the equipment through technical means such as inspection, adjustment and fastening of parts.

2. Item maintenance: According to the actual technical status of the equipment, item maintenance refers to the targeted maintenance of items whose status does not meet the production process requirements according to actual needs. When repairing items, it is generally necessary to partially disassemble, inspect, replace or repair the faulty parts, and if necessary, to partially repair and correct the benchmark parts, so as to restore the performance and accuracy of the repaired parts and ensure that the machinery has a good technical state and normal working performance during the whole overhaul interval.

3. Overhaul: Equipment overhaul refers to the periodic thorough inspection and recovery repair of machinery during its service life. During overhaul, all or most parts of the equipment shall be disassembled, benchmark parts shall be repaired, all unsuitable parts shall be replaced or repaired, the electrical system of the equipment shall be repaired, the accessories of the equipment shall be repaired, and the appearance shall be renovated, so as to completely eliminate the defects existing before repair and restore the regulations, technical performance and accuracy of the equipment.

Seven. Provisions and requirements for scrapping

When the equipment cannot be repaired and has no repair value.

Basic requirements for mechanical safety

During the whole service life of mechanical equipment, all kinds of accidents that endanger personal safety and occupational diseases that have been recognized by people at present will not occur due to the defects of mechanical equipment itself, so as not to cause unnecessary physical consumption, mental tension and fatigue to operators. Whether it is the design of the predetermined function of the machine or the design of safety protection, the following two basic ways should be followed: selecting the appropriate design structure to avoid danger or reduce risks as much as possible; By reducing the need for operators to enter dangerous areas, people will not be in danger.

1. Sufficient damage resistance, good reliability and adaptability to the environment.

(1) Reasonable mechanical structure type. The structural type of mechanical equipment must adapt to its intended function, and it is not allowed to cause obstacles, jams or looseness in normal operation of machinery due to unreasonable structural design; The microcomputer data will not be lost or crashed due to the defects of components or software; Predictable events related to unreasonable design of mechanical equipment will not occur.

(2) Sufficient damage resistance. Mechanical components and their connections shall have sufficient strength, rigidity and component stability to complete the predetermined maximum load, and shall not be broken or fatigue damaged, excessively deformed or collapsed due to stress or working cycle during normal operation; On this premise, we should also consider the overall stability of mechanical equipment against overturning, wind and sliding, especially those machines with uneven expected load or their own mass distribution, and those machines that can run on tracks or roads. We should ensure that they will not overturn under the action of transportation, operation, vibration or external force, so as to prevent undue displacement caused by out-of-control operation.

(3) Sufficient adaptability to the use environment. Mechanical equipment must have sufficient adaptability to its use environment (such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind load, rain and snow, vibration, load, static electricity, magnetic field and electric field, radiation, dust, microorganisms, animals, corrosive media, etc.). ), especially the ability to resist corrosion or cavitation, aging wear and interference, so as to avoid temporary or permanent failure of control system components due to insulation damage of electrical components or physical reasons.

(4) Improve the reliability of machinery. Reliability refers to the ability of a machine or its components to perform the specified functions without failure under the specified conditions of use and within the specified time limit. The traditional mechanical design is only based on the performance index of the product, while the reliability design should not only ensure the performance index, but also ensure the reliability index of the product, that is, trouble-free, durability, maintainability, availability and economy. Reliability is a performance that reflects the durability and reliability of products and is directly related to safety.

2. No harmful substances exceeding the standard shall be produced.

(1) Toxic and harmful substances. Materials and substances that are harmless to people (including various materials of the machine itself, processing raw materials, intermediate or final products, additives, lubricants, cleaning agents, and products and wastes that react with working media or environmental media) shall be used. For the inevitable toxic substances (such as dust, toxic substances, radiation, radioactivity, corrosion, etc. ), sealing, discharge (or absorption), isolation, purification and other measures should be considered in the design. In places where people are reasonably exposed, its composition and concentration should be lower than the provisions of product safety and hygiene standards, and it should not have harmful effects on human health or cause pollution to the environment.

(2) Prevent physical hazards. The indicators such as noise, vibration, overheating and low temperature generated by machinery must be controlled below the allowable indicators stipulated in product safety standards to prevent psychological and physical harm to people.

(3) Fire and explosion prevention. Mechanical production equipment containing flammable gas, liquid, steam, dust or other flammable, explosive or combustible substances should be designed to prevent running, running, dripping and leaking, and monitoring alarm, explosion-proof and pressure-relief devices and fire safety facilities should be equipped according to specific conditions to avoid or eliminate friction impact, electric spark and electrostatic accumulation, and prevent fire or explosion hazards caused thereby.

3. Reliable and effective safety protection Any machine is in danger of one kind or another. After the machinery and equipment are put into use, the production objects (various materials), environmental conditions and operators under the condition of dynamic combination are more dangerous. As long as there is danger, even if the operator has received good technical training and safety education and has perfect rules and regulations, the risk of mechanical injury accidents can not be completely avoided. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a reliable material barrier, that is, to configure one or more protective devices, safety devices or take other safety measures specially designed to protect people's mechanical safety. When there are problems in some links of equipment or operation, we should rely on various safety technical measures of the machinery itself to avoid accidents and ensure the safety of personnel and equipment. Production equipment with high risk or accident rate must be equipped with safety protection devices when leaving the factory.

4. Meet the requirements of safety ergonomics.

Man-machine interface refers to the interface for information exchange and interaction between man and machine. Display device, control (manipulation) device, human workspace and position, and working environment are the concentrated expression of human-machine requirements, which should meet the measurement parameters, structural and functional characteristics, physiological and psychological conditions of human body and health requirements. Its purpose is to ensure that people can work safely, accurately, efficiently and comfortably, reduce mistakes and avoid danger.

5. Security of maintenance

(1) Maintainability of machinery. After the machine breaks down, it can be repaired under the specified conditions and according to the specified procedures or means to maintain or restore its state of performing the predetermined functions. This is the maintainability of the machine. The failure of equipment will make the machine lose its intended function, bring losses to work, and dangerous failure will also lead to accidents. In this sense, solving the dangerous fault and restoring the safety function is equivalent to eliminating the potential safety hazard.

(2) Safety of maintenance work. When maintenance is carried out according to the prescribed procedures, the safety of personnel should be ensured. Because the maintenance operation is a special operation different from the normal operation, some unconventional methods are often adopted, such as removing protective devices or disabling safety devices. In order to avoid or reduce maintenance injury accidents, the maintenance operation mode should be set in the control system; From the point of view of inspection and maintenance, the accessibility of internal parts is considered in structural design; When necessary, the equipment shall be equipped with special inspection and maintenance tools or devices; On heavier parts, the design of convenient hoisting should also be considered.

Safety management system for mechanical equipment operation

1. Objective: To establish the safety management procedure of mechanical equipment.

2. Scope: Applicable to the operation and management of the company's machinery and equipment.

3. Responsible persons: Security Department, Engineering Department and users of mechanical equipment.

4. Procedure:

4. 1. All production and operation equipment shall have sound safety operation regulations, safety technical regulations, fire prevention systems and maintenance systems, and workers shall be regularly educated to implement them.

4.2. The design, manufacture, installation and repair of all kinds of mechanical equipment must meet the safety requirements.

4.3. All new construction, reconstruction, expansion, technical innovation and technical transformation projects must be determined from the perspective of safety technology, industrial hygiene and labor protection, and efforts should be made to achieve mechanization and automation within the possible scope.

4.4. During the production of toxic gas or dust, all equipment should be built as airtight as possible.

4.5. Safety devices shall be provided for the compressed parts of various pressure machines and other parts harmful to human body.

4.5. 1 Safety devices should be installed in dangerous parts such as transmission belt, open gear, grinding wheel, chainsaw, coupling close to the ground, rotating shaft, pulley and flywheel.

4.5.2 Don't cause accidents due to defects or failures of safety devices.

4.6. Hoisting and closing devices, gates and ancillary equipment more than 2m above the ground shall have a walking platform of more than 0.6m. There shall be solid and reliable railings around the walking platform, and the height of the railings shall be greater than 1 m..

4.7. In the motor and power transmission device, the parts that people may come into contact with should be surrounded by solid metal fences or covers.

4.8. Strong fences, handrails or covers shall be provided for demolition equipment, walking platforms at the top of storage tanks, passages, stairs and other places where workers are in danger of falling.

4.9. When it is found that the operation equipment has serious faults and the danger of accidents, it shall immediately stop the operation and report it step by step, and take corresponding safety measures.

4. 10. When cleaning, oiling, inspecting and repairing the parking machinery, the mechanical equipment should have appropriate safety devices and obvious signs to prevent others from starting and accidents.

4. 1 1. When the machine is rotating, the following work is prohibited:

4. 1 1. 1 Clean the rotating part of the shaft or shaft head with a hand swab.

4. 1 1.2 Dismantle or disable safety devices and facilities.

4. 1 1.3 for installation, disassembly and maintenance.

4. 1 1.4 Apply lubricating oil to the joint of the runner.

4. 12. Valves and all other measuring instruments used shall be set in appropriate places with sufficient lighting for operation, observation and maintenance.

4. 13. The valves and other regulating devices used should be easy to operate and manage, and obvious signs should be hung on the frequently closed anti-lock valves or valves and rams.

4. 14. The cut-off pipeline connected with the production system shall be equipped with blind plates and hung with obvious signs.

4. 15. In order to prevent the explosion of combustible gas, attention should be paid to check:

4. 15. 1 The tightness of combustible gas pipelines and equipment shall meet the basic requirements for preventing leakage.

4. 15.2 The combustible gas pipeline workshop shall ensure sufficient ventilation, and it is forbidden to use fire at will.

4. 15.3 Negative pressure is not allowed in combustible gas pipelines and equipment.

4. 15.4 Pipes and equipment containing combustible gas must be replaced before shutdown and maintenance, and the analysis is qualified.

4. 16. Be sure to check and contact when driving and parking, and drive and park according to regulations after confirming that there is no problem. 4. 17. After equipment maintenance, the equipment should be started according to the relevant provisions in the Safety Production Maintenance System.

4. 18. Before commissioning, the Infrastructure Department shall organize relevant departments to inspect the equipment, and the equipment and installation shall comply with the design specifications. It is necessary to know the debugging procedures and safety technical measures, and debugging can only be carried out by qualified operators under the on-site command of the debugging commander.

Before the newly installed infrastructure equipment is put into production, it must be idling, and qualified infrastructure equipment can be tested with load.

Safe operation and management of stamping machinery

Stamping is a technological method to separate or deform steel or blank by metal die. It has the advantages of simple operation, high production efficiency, high accuracy of size and shape, capability of stamping complex parts and easy realization of mechanization and automation. Widely used in automobile, tractor, motor, electrical instrument, light industry and other manufacturing industries.

I. Safety protection device of stamping machine tool

The safety protection device of stamping machine tool refers to the safety device that tries to separate the dangerous area from the operator's hand or forcibly pulls the operator's hand out of the dangerous area when the slider goes down. Common protective devices include fence and manual protective devices. (Refer to the Stamping Safety Management Regulations issued by the Ministry of Machinery Industry in May 1985).

1. Fence protection device

A protective fence is added to the printing machine to separate the operator from the dangerous area or protected area. The fence moves with the slider of the printing machine. When the slider descends, the fence descends to separate the operator from the mold, thus protecting the safety of the operator.

2. Manual protection device

Hand-moving protection device is a kind of safety device that forces the operator's hand to leave the dangerous area during stamping. Through a pole with rubber, push your hand out or out of the dangerous area when it travels under the slider.

This protection device has a simple structure, but the force is large, and the reliable protection of push-off is lagging behind in most cases. The new manual gear shifting device is interlocked with the control system, and the manual gear shifting device does not work, and neither does the press.

3. Infrared protection device

The invisible infrared rays emitted by the light source are directly radiated without being converged by the optical lens. The receiver also directly receives infrared light without focusing through the optical lens. Can effectively prevent the body from approaching the dangerous area.

There are many kinds of safety protection devices for punching machines, in addition to the above, there are also hand-held safety protection devices, tactile interlocking safety protection devices and two-handed safety protection devices.

Second, the loading and unloading device of stamping machine tool

It is an important measure to improve productivity and ensure safety in production to set up the loading and unloading device of stamping machine to realize the mechanization and automation of loading and unloading. A simple feeding device can also play a guarantee role.

1. Manual safety tools

In a medium-sized punch press, if mechanized feeding cannot be used, manual tools can be used to feed and take materials, so that the hands of the punch workers can be completely separated from the dangerous area. Manual construction includes mechanical tweezers, pliers, hooks, vacuum suction cups, pneumatic fixtures, etc.

2. Simple manual feeding device

As long as the blank is pushed by hand to slide into the concave die along the guide plate, the purpose of feeding can be achieved.

3. Mechanical feeding device

The invention has the advantages of simple structure, accurate action, convenient operation, ensuring safety and improving yield, and is worth popularizing.

Third, management measures.

In order to realize stamping safety, in addition to various technical measures, various management measures must be taken, mainly including:

1. Establish a process management system. Production should be carried out under the guidance of process documents with safety contents. The process operation card must clearly indicate the safety status and number of the mold, the name and number of the equipped safety tools, etc. With these specific and clear process documents as the production basis, we can prevent various injury accidents caused by reasons such as no rules to follow or unclear process discipline.

2. Establish the management system of stamping equipment and safety protection devices. The failure of stamping equipment and safety protection device may be the material condition that causes workers' casualties. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the maintenance system of stamping equipment and safety protection devices and strictly abide by the technical operation procedures. Before operation, you must carefully check the control system, safety protection device, electrical appliances and main fasteners of the equipment, and observe whether there is any special noise or other abnormal situation during operation. If faults and hidden dangers are found, stop the machine immediately for repair, and "sick" operation is strictly prohibited.

3. Formulate safety operation procedures and various management systems, and educate employees to seriously implement them. We must resolutely stop the violation of regulations, educate those who cause personal or equipment accidents due to violations, and deal with them seriously according to the responsibility system.

4. Safe operation of the punching machine.

Before work, carefully check whether the control mechanism is flexible and reliable and whether the fasteners are loose. Pay special attention to the failure or fracture of the control system spring. No-load test whether the machine runs normally, whether the single action of the slider has hysteresis or continuous impact, and whether the safety device is in good condition.

When picking up a single blank by hand, you must use appropriate special tools. Safety devices should be used throughout the work.

If abnormal sound of the machine is found during work, resulting in continuous drilling, poor control or electrical failure, it should be stopped immediately for maintenance.

When the pedal switch is used in the punch press, a protective baffle must be added. When the slider starts, the foot must leave the pedal immediately. During the operation of the machine, it is forbidden to go to the rotating parts for inspection and repair. Mold adjustment, repair and cleaning must be carried out after parking.

After the work is finished, turn off the motor, tidy up the work site, clean up the workbench of the punch, oil the punch, clean the machine tool and stamping die, and oil the guide plate and slider of the stamping die. After all the work is completed, move the pedal to neutral or lock the pedal.