The chemical symbol al belongs to group Ⅲ A in the periodic table of elements, with atomic number 13, atomic weight 26.98 154, face-centered cubic crystal and common valence +3. Aluminum is the most important light metal.
The word aluminum comes from alumen in ancient Rome. 1746, German J.H. Porter made an oxide from alum, namely alumina. /kloc-in the 8th century, lavoisier thought it was an oxide of an unknown metal, and its affinity with oxygen was so great that it could not be reduced by carbon and other reductants known at that time. 1807, Englishman H.Davy tried to obtain metal by electrolytic melting of alumina, but failed. 1809, he named this imaginary metal aluminum, and later changed it to aluminum. 1825, Danish H.C.Oersted reduced aluminum trichloride with potassium amalgam, and obtained several milligrams of aluminum for the first time, pointing out that it has the same color as tin. 1827 Germany Waller (F.W.? Hler) reducing aluminum trichloride with potassium to obtain a small amount of metal powder. 1845, he used aluminum chloride gas to pass through the surface of molten metal potassium, and got some aluminum beads, each weighing about 10 ~ 15 mg. Thus the density and ductility of aluminum are preliminarily determined, and it is pointed out that the melting point of aluminum is not high. In 1854, S.C.Deville reduced NaAlCl4 _ 4 double salt with sodium instead of potassium to prepare metallic aluminum. In the same year, we set up a factory and produced some aluminum helmets, tableware and toys. At that time, the price of aluminum was close to gold. 1886, American C.M.Hall and French P.L.T.Héroult respectively obtained patents for the preparation of metallic aluminum by molten salt electrolysis of cryolite-alumina. 1888, the first electrolytic aluminum plant was established in Pittsburgh, USA, and aluminum production entered a new stage. From 65438 to 0956, the world aluminum production began to surpass copper, ranking first among non-ferrous metals.