No matter in school or in society, everyone often comes into contact with papers. With the help of papers, we can effectively train our ability to use theory and skills to solve practical problems. So how to write a general paper? The following is my paper on the main problems existing in the operation of hydropower stations and their solutions, for reference only. Welcome to reading.
In recent years, the increasing power load has brought great operating pressure to hydropower stations. In addition, many unfavorable factors are restricting the development of hydropower stations due to the increase of operation years, aging equipment and rising labor costs. Therefore, we should face up to the problems existing in the operation of hydropower stations, strive to maximize the use of quantitative hydropower to generate electricity under the premise of maintaining power safety, and strive to maximize the economic benefits of hydropower stations.
1 Problems and deficiencies in the operation and management of hydropower stations
There are some shortcomings in the operation and management system of hydropower stations in China, which are not suitable for the ever-changing hydropower industry, mainly in the following four aspects:
1. 1 The automatic fire alarm system of hydropower station needs to be improved.
There are three main problems in the automatic fire alarm system of hydropower station: first, the environment of the power station is generally wet and dusty, which may easily lead to conduction or even short circuit of the control panel of the fire alarm control module that is not completely closed; Secondly, there are many high-power and high-voltage devices in hydropower stations, such as circuit breakers, planers and disconnectors. , it will produce pulse group to interfere with the fire alarm equipment of hydropower station, which will lead to the failure or damage of sensitive components in the system; Finally, because there are many access terminals on the bus of alarm circuit, improper operation may easily lead to the failure of insulation resistance between lines, which may lead to equipment grounding fault.
1.2 The personnel training system needs to be strengthened.
The operation and management of hydropower stations need to be continuously reformed according to the new situation. In particular, technological progress has brought a lot of advanced equipment. The operation of hydropower station needs these advanced equipment, and also needs professionals with high professional and technical literacy who can control advanced equipment. Hydropower station is a typical technology-intensive industry. In order to realize the benign operation of hydropower stations, it is necessary to strengthen personnel training. However, at present, hydropower stations lack management training, and hydropower station technicians have few opportunities to participate in on-the-job technical training, and even less opportunities for professional training. There is a relative shortage of talents with high professional quality, and the average level of professional knowledge of staff is low, which leads to the low operation efficiency of hydropower station and the failure and hidden danger of equipment operation can not be dealt with in time.
1.3 Supervision of hydropower station is not in place.
The monitoring and management system of hydropower station needs to be further improved, which is also the main reason why the monitoring work is not in place. The lax supervision of hydropower stations will directly affect the operation and management of hydropower stations, and the lack of strict institutional basis during operation is prone to chaos.
1.4 The accident emergency system is not perfect.
Hydropower stations are often built in remote mountainous areas with harsh natural environment and are easily affected by natural conditions. In terms of natural disaster prevention and emergency response system, the current working system is flawed. Once a production accident occurs in the operation of hydropower station, if it is not solved in time and effectively, it may lead to irreparable economic losses. Therefore, a perfect accident emergency system is very necessary, and it is also the premise to ensure the smooth operation of hydropower stations. This needs to be combined with the operation experience of hydropower station and the lessons of previous accidents, which provides an important basis for the operation and management of hydropower station.
2 Suggestions and countermeasures to strengthen the operation and management of hydropower stations
2. 1 Strengthen the perfection and debugging of automatic fire alarm system of hydropower station.
We can improve the sealing performance by adding rubber gasket, dehumidifier and epoxy resin glue to the fire control module box to minimize the influence of high humidity and dust. In order to effectively solve the problem of electromagnetic interference, all main control equipment can be reliably grounded. Connect the grounding wire in the control panel of dry powder fire extinguishing device with special grounding flat iron, and its control circuit adopts special shielding circuit for electromagnetic shielding; Regarding the insulation resistance, the loop access point can be treated with special technology to protect the insulation as much as possible.
2.2 The protection devices of main equipment should be further improved.
The protective device of the equipment must be further improved. When equipment failure or other events affecting the operation of hydropower station occur, the main equipment can make reliable actions at the first time and automatically limit the influence range. Generally speaking, in order to control the stable operation of the power grid and reduce the accident rate as much as possible, the main way is to strengthen relay protection and achieve the protection purpose by stopping or tripping. In the current design, there are many problems of incomplete monitoring of non-electrical parameters, such as temperature monitoring and liquid level monitoring of various parts of unit operation, and most of them are designed for reading, recording or alarming, and the control of these operating parameters is often very important for the safety of unit operation. In view of the fact that modern measuring elements are more reliable and accurate, modern programmable technology can be used to realize accurate discrimination, and it should be designed as one-level overrun alarm and two-level overrun trip shutdown to avoid the shutdown of main equipment.
2.3 Redundancy configuration
The standby emergency stop measures should be set independently of the monitoring system, which can stop the machine immediately and reliably after the hydraulic machinery accident and reduce the loss. Some devices with quick gates must be equipped with corresponding remote emergency shutdown settings. In this way, in the event of an accident, remote manual emergency stop can be realized in the shortest time. The main control equipment shall be configured redundantly, including but not limited to the governor, unit protection device and excitation device. , with good compatibility and automatic switching for each other. Redundant configuration should also be reflected in the control power supply and working power supply of other important control and protection equipment to ensure the reliability of electricity consumption.
2.4 communication reliability design of hydropower station
The internal and external communication of the hydropower station should be reliable, and the communication between the power station and the remote control center adopts two or more physically completely independent channels with different routes, which are reserved for each other. In principle, optical fiber communication (private network and public network) is the main method, and satellite communication is generally used as emergency standby mode to meet the normal production and emergency needs.
2.5 active use of equipment status online detection and fault diagnosis technology.
From many indicators, we can see the health status of the equipment, and we can also predict whether there will be faults, such as the composition change of oil-gas insulation medium, the vibration of various parts of the unit, the insulation of important electrical equipment, the air gap index of the generator and so on. When using feasible technical scheme to detect and obtain these important indicators in real time, we must follow a principle: to ensure that the equipment does not stop as much as possible. On-line detection and collection of these important indicators are based on the principle of caution and prevention of delay, so as to nip possible failures in the bud as much as possible and prevent tripping and shutdown of protection actions. The completion effect of online detection depends on the progress of detection technology and professional talents. We must constantly introduce high-tech talents, constantly increase the study and training of technicians, and strive to establish an advanced and scientific equipment fault diagnosis system to realize efficient on-line detection of equipment status.
2.6 Improve the power station's ability to prevent and respond to natural disasters.
The establishment of natural disaster prevention and control system needs to be summarized in combination with the actual characteristics, natural conditions, types of natural disasters that are prone to occur and rich working experience of hydropower stations: for example, in the case of economic permission and short distance, cable lines are generally used for external power supply; Crosslinked polyethylene insulated cold-resistant cables are generally used in cold areas; If the distance is long, the overhead line is the only choice, and generally it should be designed according to the permanent line to improve the grade. It is suggested that lightning protection lines should be set up all over the line below 35kV. For example, hydropower stations are located in some earthquake-prone areas, and the hub layout is complex, so we usually use overhead lines. In order to achieve the purpose of flood control, we can set diesel generators in factory buildings or dam areas or upstream and downstream reservoir areas as needed.
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