1 brief introduction to safety evaluation of construction system of water conservancy and hydropower projects
Hazard source is the root of construction safety accidents in water conservancy and hydropower projects. In order to avoid safety accidents, it is necessary to evaluate the safety of the construction system of water conservancy and hydropower projects. The safety evaluation of water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction system aims at realizing the safety of water conservancy and hydropower engineering system, and applies the principles and methods of safety system engineering to identify and analyze the dangerous and harmful factors existing in the construction system of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, judge the possibility and severity of accidents in the construction system, and provide scientific basis for formulating preventive measures and management decisions. The safety evaluation of water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction system mainly includes risk identification and risk evaluation.
2. Safety evaluation procedure of water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction system
The safety evaluation procedure of water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction system mainly includes: preparation stage; Identification and analysis of dangerous and harmful factors; Qualitative and quantitative evaluation; Put forward safety countermeasures; Form safety evaluation conclusions and suggestions; Prepare safety assessment report.
(1) In the preparation stage, it is necessary to define the evaluation object and scope, and collect relevant laws and regulations, technical standards and technical data of the water conservancy and hydropower project construction system.
(2) According to the evaluated construction system, identify and analyze the dangerous and harmful factors, and determine the location, mode, way and changing law of the dangerous and harmful factors.
⑶ Divide evaluation units, choose reasonable evaluation methods, and evaluate the possibility and severity of accidents qualitatively and quantitatively.
(4) According to the qualitative and quantitative evaluation results, put forward technical and management measures and suggestions to eliminate or weaken dangerous and harmful factors.
5] According to the safety evaluation results, prepare the corresponding safety evaluation report.
2. Preventive countermeasures based on accident cause model-management adjustment
2. 1 macro management adjustment
Macro-management adjustment mainly refers to the state's grasp of macro-policies, including improving the construction safety management system of water conservancy and hydropower projects and improving the construction safety laws and regulations system of water conservancy and hydropower projects.
2. 1. 1 Improve the safety production management system of water conservancy and hydropower project construction.
The government should explore and promote the innovation of the management system and mechanism of water conservancy and hydropower safety production, so that the safety production of water conservancy and hydropower can be transformed from traditional administrative management to legal supervision, and from empirical passive management to preventive whole-process management.
(1) Implement the safety production license system for construction enterprises, and do a good job in the pre-examination and management of safety production licenses;
(two) to establish an emergency rescue system for safety accidents and urge key units to formulate emergency rescue plans;
(3) Guide the establishment of occupational safety and health management system, strengthen basic safety work and standardize safety production behavior.
⑷ Establish an industrial safety production control index system, quantify the assessment objectives, and promote the management of industrial safety production objectives;
5] Actively carry out safety standardization activities, and strengthen the formulation, revision, supervision and inspection of safety standards in the water conservancy and hydropower industry;
2. 1.2 Improve the safety production management laws and regulations system for water conservancy and hydropower project construction.
Relying on strengthening the legal system construction of safety production management in an all-round way, we will build a legal system for safety production management of water conservancy and hydropower projects, so as to achieve laws to follow, management according to law, rules to follow and law enforcement norms, realize the legalization, institutionalization and standardization of safety production supervision of water conservancy and hydropower projects, and establish a stable and lasting long-term working mechanism according to law. So as to realize the long-term stability of safe production of water conservancy and hydropower projects and provide reliable legal guarantee for safe production of water conservancy and hydropower projects.
Strengthening the construction safety legislation of water conservancy and hydropower projects has always been highly valued by our government. Laws, regulations and rules related to water conservancy and hydropower construction, such as "Safety Production Law" and "Interim Measures for Construction Safety Management of Hydropower Construction Projects", have played an important role in improving the management level of safety production and reducing safety accidents. However, with the development of water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction industry, the laws and regulations on safety production management of water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction in China have been difficult to meet the needs of current safety production management of water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction. We need to step up the formulation of laws and regulations to adapt to the new era and continue to improve the legal and regulatory system of China's water conservancy and hydropower safety production management.
2.2 Micro management adjustment
Micro-management adjustment mainly refers to the specific management adjustment of people and things in the safety system by water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction enterprises. Safety accident management adjustment mainly refers to micro-management adjustment. Management adjustment can be divided into first-level management adjustment and second-level management adjustment.
2.2. 1 Level 1 management adjustment
The first-level management regulations mainly include human management regulations and material management regulations.
(1) Adjustment of first-level managers
One is to improve the self-discipline behavior of operators, and the other is to standardize the behavior of operators.
(1) With regard to the introduction of talents, the Safety Management Department and the Human Resources Department need to cooperate with each other. In the recruitment and selection stage of human resources, we should use reasonable administrative means to arrange different types of people to engage in different jobs according to their work characteristics, different physiological conditions and personalities, and different work contents and working environments that they can adapt to.
(2) Try to make the best use of the appropriate personnel to eliminate or reduce the occurrence of unsafe behaviors from the source.
③ Take the safety training of employees, especially the pre-job training and retraining of new employees before job transfer as a fundamental task of the enterprise, and use the system to ensure the smooth development and full investment of safety training.
④ Strengthen the evaluation of safety training effect. According to the specific characteristics of water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction industry, the establishment of safety training certification qualifications, training funds, safety technology and equipment investment, related personnel accident safety and other assessment indicators; Strengthen safety supervision and management, conduct regular and irregular inspections and appraisals, comprehensively improve the safety quality and safety awareness of employees, and reduce the probability of accidents.
⑤ In safety management, we should also pay attention to making safety education a part of enterprise culture, and subtly improve people's safety quality and safety awareness in daily work.
⑥ Reasonable rewards and punishments can be achieved by satisfying people's needs, giving employees timely praise and criticism, awarding them honorary titles, and promoting and demoting employees. However, we should pay attention to the change of time and way of motivation, so that the effect is the best.
(2) the first level of management and adjustment of things
The first-level management and adjustment of objects is mainly to reasonably select construction machinery and equipment, protective facilities and equipment, and maintain them to prevent unsafe objects. Attention should be paid to the selection of mechanical equipment in water conservancy and hydropower projects;
(1) adapt to the requirements of site climate, topography, soil quality, transportation distance, construction section shape and size;
(2) The mechanical capacity should be consistent with the progress and quantity of the project, so as to avoid the phenomenon of delaying the construction period due to insufficient mechanical working capacity.
(3) It is necessary to assess the risks of imported machinery and equipment, systematically analyze all kinds of risks that may occur in the use stage of machinery and equipment, and comprehensively evaluate the probability and degree of dangerous events.
(4) According to the risk assessment, put forward the corresponding mechanical equipment maintenance countermeasures to ensure the safety of mechanical equipment.
2.2.2 Secondary management adjustment
(1) personnel secondary management adjustment
The adjustment of people's secondary management mainly refers to strengthening the on-site safety supervision of construction personnel and stopping people's unsafe behavior in time. Safety supervisors should strengthen on-site supervision to ensure that supervision and construction work are carried out simultaneously. Do a good job of emergency plan, once an accident happens, start the plan, try to interrupt the development process of the accident and reduce the accident loss. Implement safety management through specific matters such as safety education, mutual inspection, mutual reminder and prediction of dangerous activities.
(2) The risk assessment of the secondary management adjustment object comprehensively considers many factors that may affect the safety performance of machinery. Secondary management and adjustment mainly aim at these factors to carry out targeted safety monitoring on the running machinery and equipment. Once the unsafe state of the object occurs, the machine itself should brake in time to prevent accidents.
Environmental management
Environment is one of the main causes of construction safety accidents in water conservancy and hydropower projects, which has an important impact on the occurrence of accidents and cannot be ignored. As a safety manager, on the basis of a comprehensive understanding of the construction environment, we should also actively create a relatively safe environment for the construction personnel. It is necessary to further implement the measures to deal with the adverse effects, so that they can be fully considered in the engineering design stage, and avoid or reduce the adverse effects of the environment on the engineering construction to the maximum extent. Only in this way can the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects be safer.
At the same time, the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects also has an impact on the environment, and its adverse effects will further worsen the construction environment of water conservancy and hydropower projects and form a vicious circle. Therefore, while avoiding or reducing the adverse impact of the environment on the project, we should also formulate relief measures for the adverse impact of the project on the environment.
On the basis of comprehensive evaluation of the construction environment of water conservancy and hydropower projects, the objectives and tasks of controlling unsafe conditions in the environment are clearly defined, so as to formulate targeted measures and schemes to make the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects in a relatively safe environment.
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