Xi 'an, known as Chang 'an in ancient times, is also known as Xi Du, Xijing, Daxing City, Jingzhao City and Fengyuan City. It is the city with the most dynasties and the longest duration in the history of China. From the Western Zhou Dynasty, when slavery reached its peak, to the Tang Dynasty, when feudal society reached its peak, there were 12 dynasties, including the Western Zhou Dynasty, Qin Dynasty, Western Han Dynasty, Xin Dynasty, Western Jin Dynasty (Yu), former Zhao Dynasty, former Qin Dynasty, later Qin Dynasty, Western Wei Dynasty, Northern Zhou Dynasty, Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, and its capital reached 165438+. It is also the capital of peasant uprising regimes such as Chimei, Lvlin, Daqi (Huang Chao) and Dashun (Li Zicheng). From about 1 1 century BC to the end of 9th century A.D., An was the political, economic and cultural center of ancient China, and was always under the jurisdiction of local administrative organs-Zhou, County, Fu, Lu, Province, Chang 'an, Xianning and other counties. In most dynasties, Xi 'an was subordinate to Jingzhao Prefecture (county), which was a county-level organizational system. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jingzhao was changed to Anxi Road (later changed to Fengyuan Road). In the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1369), Fengyuan Road was abandoned and xi Anfu was established, hence the name An. 1928 was first established as a city in Xi, and 1948 was changed from a provincial city to a city under the jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan of the National Government. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Xi 'an was once a municipality directly under the Central Government of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, a municipality directly under the Central Government of the Northwest Administrative Region, and a city with separate plans. 1954 has been the capital of Shaanxi province, and now it is a sub-provincial city, which governs Xincheng, Beilin, Lianhu, Baqiao, Weiyang, Yanta, Yanliang and Linyang.

Xi is located at the junction of the central and western economic zones in China. It is the gateway and transportation hub for northwest provinces to southwest, central plains and east China. It is the largest central city on the new line of Longhai Lan, the second Eurasian continental bridge, and has an important strategic position in the overall economic layout of the country. With its superior geographical location and profound historical origins, Xi 'an has become the largest commodity circulation center and material distribution center in the northwest of China. Xi has a long history and rich human resources, ranking first among the six ancient capitals in China, one of the four civilized ancient capitals in the world and a famous tourist center city. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Xi has rapidly developed into an important industrial base in China, especially a national defense industrial base, a scientific research base and a higher education base. The main historical event Xi is a city with a history of more than 3000 years of civilization. In this ancient land, there have been countless far-reaching historical events. About 1 1 century BC, Zhou Wenwang established Fengjing on the west bank of the Fenghe River, and after the King Wu succeeded to the throne, he destroyed the business and established Haojing on the east bank of the Fenghe River, which created Xi 'an's long-term historical position as the political, economic and cultural center of ancient China. In 84 1 BC, Haojing "China Uprising" was the earliest large-scale uprising to expel the king in the history of China. The "rule of Cheng Kang" in the early Western Zhou Dynasty marked the heyday of slavery society in China. Qin Xiaogong's "Shang Yang Reform" was a major social reform for China to enter the feudal society. The "Zhenguan Rule" and "Kaiyuan Rule" in the Tang Dynasty marked the peak of China's feudal society. In BC 138, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions and officially opened the Silk Road, which started from Chang 'an and connected Eurasia.

In 582 AD, Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty issued a decree to establish a new capital, Daxing City, in Xi 'an, southeast of Chang 'an City in Han Dynasty. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed Chang 'an. The construction of Chang 'an City in Sui and Tang Dynasties lasted for 72 years, from the second year of Emperor Wen (AD 582) to the fifth year of Tang Gaozong Yonghui (AD 654). The urban area is 84. 1 km2, with neat layout and strict east-west symmetry. It is divided into three parts: Miyagi, Imperial City and Outer City. The layout of urban structure fully embodies the grandeur of the heyday of feudal society, and has epoch-making influence in the architectural history and urban history of China. During the old democratic revolution, the people of Xi fought to overthrow the decadent and reactionary Qing government. In the first year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1862), the Chen Decai Department of Taiping Army besieged Xi 'an, defeated the Qing army in Sanzhao and Duqu, and sowed the fire of armed uprising in Xi 'an. Later, the Hui uprising broke out in Shaanxi. In the fifth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1866), xi Nian army entered Shaanxi and defeated the Qing army at Shilipu in the eastern suburb of Xi. These large-scale peasant uprising wars echoed with the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom uprising in the south, shaking the rule of the Qing Dynasty in the northwest.

19 1 1 year, after the Xinhai Revolution broke out in Wuchang, Xi 'an was one of the first provincial capitals to respond to the revolution. Shaanxi revolutionaries and Gervais launched an uprising in 10122 October. After two days of fierce fighting, they took control of xi 'an, which not only overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty in Shaanxi, but also strongly supported the Wuchang Uprising, broke the dream of the Qing Dynasty trying to counterattack based on the northwest, and promoted the arrival of the climax of the northern revolution. 19 19, the May 4th Movement kicked off the new-democratic revolution. When the news reached Xi 'an, patriotic students stood up and responded, demonstrated, organized speeches, aroused the people, publicized and boycotted Japanese goods, set up Shaanxi Students' Federation, sent representatives to Beijing to petition, and shouted: "My Shaanxi students are famous for their patriotism and hold high the banner of justice. How can they be descendants! Raise your arms and swear to be a shield for Beijing students; Ascend to the distance and call for the loyalty of the people. " Xi 'an's student movement strongly responded to and supported the student movement in Beijing.

During the first climax of 1924- 1927 New Democratic Revolution, the national army supporting Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary regime expelled the warlord Liu Zhenhua from Shaanxi and took control of xi 'an on 1925. 1925 10 month. Xi The first China * * * production party organization-the special branch of China * * * production party was born. When the northern warlords fought back against the national army, Liu Zhenhua led the town to besiege for eight months. Under the leadership of Li Huchen and Yang Hucheng, the soldiers and civilians in Xi 'an overcame the serious difficulties of lack of food, rose up and fought, and saved Xi 'an's revolutionary position to the death. When the Northern Expedition advanced to Central China, the national armies and allied forces entered Xi 'an. With the joint efforts of CPC party member and Kuomintang leftists, Xi 'an's revolutionary movement is surging. At the beginning of 1927, * * * producers Liu Hanchu, Shi Kexuan, Deng Xiaoping and others founded Sun Yat-sen College and Sun Yat-sen Military Academy in Xi 'an, and trained a large number of revolutionary backbones. The peasant movement near Xi 'an also flourished, leaving a glorious page in the modern revolutionary history of China.

After the "September 18th Incident", Northeast China fell, Japanese militarism intervened and stepped up its aggression against China. At the critical juncture of national survival, 65,438+0936,65,438+02,65,438+02, patriotic generals Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, focusing on national justice, resolutely launched the "Xi Incident" that shocked China and foreign countries, and urged Chiang Kai-shek to "stop the civil war and unite with the outside world", which was full of patriotic enthusiasm and strongly inspired the people of the whole country. The peaceful settlement of the Xi 'an incident promoted the second cooperation between the two countries, laid the foundation for the unity of the whole nation against Japan, and became a major turning point in China's modern history.

During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the staff of Xi local organization of China * * * Production Party and the Eighth Route Army office in Xi overcame many difficulties, constantly consolidated and expanded the anti-Japanese national united front, and made important contributions to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory.

1949 On May 20th, China People's Liberation Army liberated Xi 'an. On May 24th, the Military Control Committee of China People's Liberation Army was established, with He Long as the director and Jia Tuofu, Zhao Shoushan and Gan Siqi as the deputy directors. On May 25th, the Municipal People's Government was established as mayor, with Fang Zhongru as the first deputy mayor and Zhang as the second deputy mayor. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the people's government, Xi entered a brand-new historical stage.

Xi, the ancient capital, has a long history, rich humanities and talented people. More than 1000 people have been listed in the Twenty-Five History and other history books. They were born and raised in Sri Lanka or lived and started businesses for a long time, but they all made brilliant achievements and made great contributions to the development and evolution of the Chinese nation. Such as ancient politicians Zhou Gong, Lu Shang, Shang Yang, Lv Buwei, Chao Cuo, Xiao He, Sean and Zhang Chang; Thinker Dong Zhongshu; Historians Sima Qian, Ban Gu, Du You and Liu Zhiji; Inventor Ma Jun; Architect Yu Wenkai; Medical scientist Sun Simiao; Astronomers Luo, Li, Monk and his party; Military strategists Zhou Yafu, Huo Qubing and Wei Qing; Jurists Zhang Shizhi and Zhang Tang; Agronomists Zhao Guo and Yan Shengzhi; Painters Wu Daozi, Yan, Chu Suiliang, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan; Writers and poets Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Wang Wei, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Sima Xiangru and Du Mu; Translator and traveler Xuanzang; Diplomat Zhang Qian; Geographers Jia Dan and Li Jifu; Mathematician Wang Xiaotong; Bibliographers Liu Xiang and Liu Xin; , Zhang Zai, Wang, Feng Congwu. In modern times, there were revolutionaries Zhang Fengsui, Yu, and Yu Youren. Early * * * party member Shi Kexuan, Wei Yechou and Lei Jinsheng; Water expert Li Yizhi; Famous journalist Zhang Jiluan; Modern poet king; Painter Yan,,, Shi Lu; Famous writers and dramatists Sun, Ma Jianling and Feng Zhimo.