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With the increasing number of high-rise buildings in cities, elevators, as one of the most important special equipment in urban buildings, have become an indispensable part of people's daily life, so the safety management of elevators deserves our attention. For the manufacture of special equipment, the state has formulated a series of relatively perfect rules and regulations, and the production quality of elevators in China is gradually improving. In addition, we also need to see that in the daily use of elevators, the relevant management units or maintenance departments did not strictly implement the relevant regulations, resulting in safety accidents in elevator operation, which is also a grim reality faced by elevator safety management. Therefore, employees in elevator-related industries, especially managers in elevator operation and other related units, must strengthen the analysis of elevator safety management, which should also be one of the important contents in their future work.
First, the elevator safety management status and main accident types analysis
1, Analysis of elevator safety management status.
Because the elevator plays an important role in transporting people and goods in high-rise buildings, its safe operation is bound to be the first problem that relevant managers need to consider. However, in the actual elevator operation, there are usually many unreasonable phenomena, such as unclear rights and responsibilities of elevator use, users' neglect of management, unreasonable maintenance and so on, which are all important factors leading to elevator safety accidents or potential safety hazards. In the final analysis, the causes of elevator safety accidents are nothing more than human factors and objective factors. Reducing or eliminating human factors can be achieved through professional business training and the formulation and implementation of operational norms. Although objective factors are uncertain and uncontrollable, they can be completely controlled in a lower influence range through elevator safety management. In a word, no matter the influence of human factors or objective factors, it is necessary to implement strict elevator operation norms to carry out elevator safety management in order to control it in a safe range.
At present, elevator safety management in China belongs to multi-party joint management. According to the provisions of relevant laws and regulations, the State Council special equipment safety supervision and management department is the unit responsible for the national special equipment safety inspection. In the specific implementation process, it is the special equipment safety supervision and management department at or above the county level that conducts safety supervision on all special equipment including elevators in relevant administrative areas. In addition, relevant laws and regulations clearly stipulate that the following units are, of course, elevator management units other than government departments, and must also bear the relevant responsibilities of elevator safety management:
(1) Elevator manufacturer. Elevator quality is the source to ensure elevator safety, and it is also an important content of elevator safety management. Therefore, elevator manufacturers should ensure that the elevators they manufacture meet the requirements of relevant national technical standards. In addition, they should also provide professional technical guidance and relevant emergency maintenance training to elevator users.
(2) elevator installation unit. According to the relevant regulations of our country at this stage, the elevator installation unit needs to obtain the qualification certificate of installation license and arrange the electromechanical installation personnel with relevant certificates to engage in elevator installation. At the same time, it should be noted that the installation unit must submit the construction report to the corresponding special equipment safety supervision and management department before carrying out the relevant installation and transformation work.
(3) elevator users. In general, elevator users are the main undertakers and main responsible persons of elevator safety management in daily operation, which shows their important role in elevator safety management. As an elevator user, it is necessary to establish and improve the safety management system according to relevant laws and regulations (Regulations on Safety Supervision of Special Equipment) and assume the specified safety management responsibilities.
(4) Elevator maintenance unit. Elevator maintenance unit is a unit that carries out daily maintenance or emergency treatment during elevator work, which plays a great role in reducing the impact of elevator safety accidents. What needs to be put forward is that the major hidden dangers found in the process of quality maintenance need to be reported to the local quality supervision department in time.
2. Common types of elevator safety accidents
Knowing the common types of elevator safety accidents is a necessary prerequisite for elevator safety management, and it can also play a warning and educational role in elevator safety management. Common elevator safety accidents mainly include the following:
(1) trapped. Passengers trapped in the elevator is one of the frequent safety accidents during the operation of the elevator, which is usually caused by power failure or sudden elevator failure. At the same time, after the trapped accident, due to the lack of passengers' safety knowledge or improper rescue measures by rescuers, the elevator usually falls and passengers break the elevator door, which is very easy to cause injuries to people and property. In view of this phenomenon, the professional skills training of relevant emergency maintenance personnel, emergency handling drills, safety self-help measures for passengers taking the ladder, etc., are all parts that need great efforts in safety management.
(2) Excessive wear of parts. Some elevators are in disrepair for a long time, which will inevitably lead to excessive wear and corrosion of elevator parts, leading to safety failure, ranging from elevator failure and out of control to accidents such as falling. This is the place where we should pay more attention to the daily maintenance of elevators in elevator safety management.
(3) Accidents during installation and maintenance. Improper operation or failure of installation and maintenance personnel to strictly abide by operating specifications usually leads to safety accidents, such as bumping, scratching, stabbing, fire, electric shock, etc.
Second, measures to strengthen elevator safety management
1, define the right to use the elevator
As far as the elevator is concerned, the so-called user refers to the person who enjoys the right to use and manage the elevator and undertakes the obligation to use and manage it. In elevator safety management, it should be clear that the elevator user is the first responsible person and the accident compensation party after the elevator safety accident. In order to clarify the management of elevator safety accidents, clarify the manager and responsible person, avoid the situation that all relevant units shirk each other after the accident, and safeguard the rights and interests of passengers, these regulations are formulated. In this way, once an accident happens, the injured passenger can directly claim compensation from the user, and the elevator user, as the first responsible person, should naturally bear the responsibility for the accident. At the same time, after fulfilling the liability for compensation, users can also claim compensation from other relevant units according to the results of accident liability appraisal, and all relevant responsible parties shall bear the liability for compensation.
At present, the pilot reform of elevator safety supervision in Guangdong Province has been carried out in Dongguan for some time. As an organization providing two-way services for relevant enterprises and the government in Dongguan, the Special Equipment Industry Association of our city has vigorously promoted the down payment responsibility system for elevator users and insured elevator liability insurance in recent years, which has achieved remarkable results and won high praise from both inside and outside the industry. These reform measures are also in line with the State Council's Regulations on Safety Supervision of Special Equipment. "The State encourages the implementation of the liability insurance system for special equipment to improve the ability of accident compensation. Strengthen the safety management of special equipment, especially improve the ability of special equipment users to resist risks and accidents, ensure the safety of people's lives and property, and promote economic and social harmony. Thanks to the efforts of our association, the elevator safety liability insurance has successfully covered about 60% of the elevators in Dongguan at this stage. I believe that in the near future, insurance will play an increasingly important role in elevator accidents.
2, strengthen the daily maintenance, supervision and maintenance unit work.
After the elevator is officially put into operation, its daily inspection and maintenance is an important means to find its potential safety hazards and an important measure to nip in the bud. In the actual work process, the management unit must formulate reasonable and standardized daily safety inspection rules and regulations, and arrange specific safety patrol personnel to carry out daily patrol inspection on elevator related equipment, including elevator operation status, elevator facilities normal or not, elevator power supply control equipment abnormal, etc. It is also necessary to record and count the hidden dangers or faults found, so as to analyze the factors that affect the safe operation of a specific elevator. In addition, elevator safety management personnel should not only pay attention to the daily patrol inspection, but also supervise the maintenance unit to do the daily maintenance of the elevator, so as to keep the elevator in good running condition. In the process of elevator fault maintenance, the supervision obligation should be strictly fulfilled to ensure the quality of elevator maintenance and the complete elimination of faults.
3. Pay attention to safety accident education and emergency treatment.
In addition to the above measures, strengthening the publicity and education of elevator users' common sense of safe use and the construction of emergency handling ability are also crucial measures in elevator safety management, which can ensure the maximum reduction of accident losses after accidents. Therefore, elevator safety publicity activities and the cultivation of emergency handling ability should penetrate into the daily work of elevator safety management. For example, when the elevator is out of control, the elevator suddenly stops, the elevator suddenly loses power, what kind of behavior passengers should take to save themselves after a fire or earthquake, and how relevant emergency maintenance rescuers should carry out rescue and maintenance work. All these should be involved in daily publicity, education or exercise.
Third, the conclusion
The safety of elevators is related to life and property, and to the real vital interests of the people. A small security management loophole may bring sorrow to a family and damage economic interests. Therefore, we must attach importance to elevator safety management, sum up practical experience, explore a set of targeted safety management models, and effectively improve the safety level of elevators.