The first section construction hoisting machinery use safety knowledge
Operators (also called drivers), commanders and cable operators of tower cranes, construction elevators, material hoists and other construction hoisting machinery belong to special operations. They must be trained in special safety operations in accordance with relevant state regulations and obtain the qualification certificate for special operations before taking up their posts. Construction hoisting machinery (also known as vertical transportation equipment) must be produced by the corresponding manufacturing (production) license enterprise and have the factory certificate. Its installation, demolition, heightening and wall-attached construction operations must be carried out by teams with corresponding operation qualifications, and operators must receive special safety operation training and obtain special operation qualification certificates in accordance with relevant state regulations before taking up their posts. Other non-professionals are not allowed to work at their posts. Before installation, disassembly, heightening and wall-attached construction, there must be an approved construction scheme, and the scheme and safety technical disclosure shall be made.
1. Common knowledge of tower crane safety 1, crane "ten don't lift": (1) overload or unclear weight of the lifted object; 2 command signal is not clear; (3) The binding and hanging are not firm or unbalanced; (4) There are people or floating objects on the hoisted object that are not hoisted; 5] structure or components have defects or damage that affect safety; [6] Cable-stayed and inclined hanging, buried objects not hanging; Once a single root did not hang; The light in the workplace is dim, and the scene, suspended objects and command signals cannot be seen clearly without hanging; Levies between the edges and corners of the heavy objects and the binding wire rope are not hung or padded; ⑽ Do not lift inflammable and explosive articles. 2. Irrelevant personnel are strictly prohibited from entering the tower crane operation area, and no one is allowed to stand under the lifting objects. 3, the driver (operation), command, accompany and other jobs should be equipped according to the relevant requirements, other personnel shall not mount guard. 4, more than six strong winds are not allowed to lift objects. 5, homework personnel must obey the command of the commander, homework personnel should be evacuated before lifting. 6. Binding requirements for lifting objects: (1) When lifting objects, the weight should be clear, and the lifting points and binding should be firm and reliable; (2) When lifting parts, qualified iron hoppers should be used, and there should be special and firm lifting points on the hoppers; The height of articles in the hopper shall not exceed the upper edge of the hopper, and the height of loose and easily scattered articles shall be lower than the upper edge of the hopper10 cm; ; (3) When lifting long objects (such as steel bars and long wooden squares). ), you should choose two evenly balanced lifting points on the items and bind them firmly; (4) When lifting articles with sharp edges and corners, protective measures should be taken at the wire rope binding place.
Second, the construction elevator safety knowledge. Construction elevator, also called external elevator, is also called (dual-purpose) construction elevator, which is the main mechanical equipment for vertically transporting personnel and materials on the construction site. 1. Before the construction elevator is put into use, the entrance and exit protective shed should be erected on the first floor, which should comply with the relevant aerial work specifications. 2. In case of heavy rain, heavy fog, gale of level 6 or above, and ice on the guide rail frame and cable, the elevator must stop running. Lower the ladder cage to the bottom floor and cut off the power supply. After the storm, the elevator safety device should be checked and confirmed to be normal before use. 3. Protective railings should be set within 2.5m around the elevator cage. 4. The transportation platform at each exit of the elevator should be smooth and firm, with solid and reliable railings and safety doors installed, and the safety doors should be kept closed when in use. 5, elevator use should have a clear contact signal, it is forbidden to use knock, call, etc. 6. When taking the elevator, you should first close the safety door, then close the elevator cage door, and then start the elevator. 7, ladder cage by people or goods, should make the load evenly distributed, not partial load; Overload operation is strictly prohibited. 8. When waiting for the elevator, stand in the building, don't gather on the platform of the passage, and don't stick your head out of the railings and safety doors. 9. When the elevator runs with load for the first time per shift and the elevator car rises 1~2m from the ground, stop and test the reliability of the brake; When the braking effect is found to be poor, it should be adjusted or repaired before it can be put into use. 10, the operator should operate according to the command signal. Signal before operation. Before the elevator is closed, the operator shall not leave the operating post. 1 1. Handling of construction elevator faults (1) When an abnormal situation is found during operation, the elevator should be stopped immediately and effective measures should be taken to lower the elevator car to the ground floor, and the operation should continue after the fault is eliminated; ⑵ When power is found out of control during operation, immediately press the emergency stop button; Do not turn on the emergency stop button before troubleshooting; (3) When the brake fails in operation, the ladder cage can be opened to the bottom for maintenance; Or let it slide down and brake with anti-falling safety device; (4) When faults are found in operation, don't panic; the safety device of the elevator will provide reliable protection; And obey the arrangement of professionals, or wait for emergency repair, or evacuate according to the command of professionals. 12. After the operation, the ladder cage should be lowered to the bottom, all control switches should be set to zero, the power supply should be cut off, the switch box should be locked, and the ladder cage door and enclosure door should be locked.
Third, the use of safety knowledge of material hoists Material hoists have gantry and tic-tac-toe frames, and some are also called (cargo) construction elevators, which are the main mechanical equipment for vertical transportation of materials on the construction site. 1, the material hoist is used to transport materials, and it is forbidden to carry people up and down; Loading and unloading personnel and maintenance personnel can only enter the hanging cage after the safety device is reliable or reliable measures are taken. 2. The entrance of the material hoist must be equipped with a safety door, and a protective shed and a safe passage should be set up according to the high-altitude operation specifications to prevent it from entering the frame from outside the shed. 3. When the material hoist is running, it is forbidden to maintain and repair the equipment, and no one is allowed to climb the frame and pass through it. 4. Requirements for handling materials (1) When transporting bulk materials, they should be loaded in a hopper and placed stably; When using the hand-propelled bucket car device in the hanging cage, the hand-propelled bucket car must be installed stably and braked, and the handle and trolley must not extend out of the hanging cage. 2 when transporting long materials, the materials shall not exceed the hanging cage; When the material is placed vertically, it should be tied firmly; (3) When loading materials, they should be evenly distributed without deviation. Overload operation is strictly prohibited. 5, material hoist frame should be attached to the wall or cable wind rope, and should be solid and reliable, in line with the requirements of specifications and instructions. 6. The outer side of the material lifting frame body is closed with a small mesh safety net to prevent the material from falling during operation. 7. It is forbidden to weld, cut or drill holes on the material lifting frame to prevent any parts of the frame from being damaged. 8. The unloading platform should be solid and reliable, and protective railings and safety doors should be installed. During the operation, the safety door should be kept closed. 9. There should be a safety door on the hanging cage to prevent materials from falling; The safety door shall be interlocked with the safety stop device. Safety stop device should be sensitive and reliable. 10, the floor safety door should be equipped with an electrical or mechanical lock device, which can limit the operation of the hanging cage when the safety door is not reliably closed. 1 1. When the operator is waiting for the hanging cage, he should wait in the building or on the platform above the emergency door1m. It is forbidden to stick your head out of the railing or security door. 12, clear contact signals should be installed at the entrance and exit, and the overhead hoist should also be visible.
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