To judge the tonality of a piece of music, we should listen to paragraph A or the main part of the presentation part of the song, that is, the ending sound of the first paragraph (except the introduction) of the song. If the ending is in the form of a chord, then the lowest voice in the lowest voice is usually the tonic. What is tonic? This song is the key. There may be a tone change after the tune, but no matter how it is turned, it will eventually change back to the original tune, and the overall tone name of the tune will not change. (Many songs can't return to the original tune, so it makes sense to judge the mode by looking at the ending of the song, but remember that it is the lowest tone of the ending! ! )

Your second question is not clear in theory. Since you said you wanted to hear it, my words can't help you. But the scales in major and minor are definitely different in sound. Although the phrase "major is brighter and minor is darker" is pale, your ears will gradually have the ability to distinguish major from minor by feeling and listening to the scales played by your fingers on the keys. Although it was a boring thing then. (Pay attention to the contrast between natural major and harmonic minor)

Finally, take Bach's Twelve Mean Melodies as an example. I want to say that Bach's works are difficult, and his works are difficult to explain with pop music theory. Only with a solid foundation of harmony and solfeggio, you need a certain ability of musical form analysis to understand.

Let me help the landlord analyze it briefly. Bach's fugue in C minor (Second Law of Average, BWV847). The first sound at the beginning of this song is the tonic (not every song is like this), telling everyone that it is in C key, and the second sound is reduced to B, which is a unique seven-level rise in C minor. It was repeated many times later. Constantly emphasize the fact that it is a harmonic minor. And there are E-flat and A-flat in the tune, which are not available in C major, but in C minor. At the end of the music, Mr Bach played a joke. He changed the ending to the fourth and sixth chords of the main chord in C major (which most people don't play like this). So you can't judge the mode by the end of the chord. Moreover, after the chord is transposed, the tonic is neither the highest tone nor the lowest tone, but the alto. Mr Bach is testing everyone's hearing. Students with good hearing can recognize the mode after listening for a while, while students with poor hearing can only judge by theoretical knowledge, and then they are fooled by Bach. ...

Finally, I found the answer to stand by on the second floor. Listening more and practicing more familiarity is the last word. If you have more contact, you will be familiar with it, and you will know the method, so you will not find it difficult.

I've been doing JJWW for so long, and I know it won't help you much, but this is my experience in learning music for so many years. Have a nice day ~