1, comparison of concepts and management elements
1. Concept comparison between whole-process consultation and PPP management.
Engineering consultation: refers to the intellectual service that follows the principles of independence, science and justice, and uses the knowledge and experience of engineering technology, science and technology, economic management, laws and regulations to provide consulting activities for the decision-making and management of engineering construction projects of government departments, project owners and other customers. , including pre-project consultation, survey and design consultation, construction consultation, commissioning or post-delivery evaluation.
Whole-process consulting: it provides engineering consulting services including design, planning, organization, management, economy and technology for the preliminary research and decision-making of engineering construction projects and the whole life cycle of engineering implementation and operation (or operation). A variety of organizational methods can be adopted to provide partial or overall solutions for project decision-making, implementation and operation.
PPP: "The cooperation mode of government and social capital is a long-term cooperative relationship in the fields of infrastructure and public services. The usual model is that social capital undertakes most of the work of infrastructure design, construction, operation and maintenance, and obtains a reasonable return on investment through' user payment' and necessary' government payment'; Government departments are responsible for the price and quality supervision of infrastructure and public services to ensure the maximization of public interests. "
2. Comparison of the differences between the whole process consulting and PPP project management elements:
Except for the obvious difference between the whole process consultation and PPP project management mentioned in the above table, there are similarities in other aspects, such as bidding form, management requirements for quality/schedule/safety/cost, and organization of completion acceptance.
2. Differences in pre-project management
The prophase management of the whole process consulting project is different from PPP project, because the whole process consulting management is more advanced:
3. Management differences during project construction
As mentioned above, due to the corporate governance structure of PPP project management, the interests of all shareholders need to be considered at the same time in the management of the project company, and the whole process of consulting the project department takes the interests of the owners as the highest principle, so the management differences during the construction period are still relatively large, mainly in the following aspects:
1. Differences in key management projects during construction:
1) whole process consultation: as the owner, the project department pays more attention to the investment control brought by the change and the progress control brought by the image progress during the construction period; In terms of legal compliance, it mainly focuses on the handling of legal construction procedures;
2)PPP project: As the project company is entrusted by the major shareholder, it pays more attention to financing progress, investment plan, secondary efficiency improvement and investment return opportunity while paying attention to the progress; In terms of legal compliance, both compliance requirements and legal construction procedures are considered.
It can be said that PPP projects have a wider focus.
2. Key differences in management control:
1) whole process consultation: in the work of "three controls, two pipes, one coordination and one implementation", focus on cost control and schedule control;
2)PPP project: In the work of "three controls, two management, one coordination and one implementation", the key points are cost/total investment control, handover/completion acceptance node (return time) control, matching degree control between project schedule and fund provision, etc.
3. Differences in management and control of contractors:
1) Whole-process consultation: No matter whether the consultation content includes (or partially includes) three core businesses, the consulting unit must manage all the contractors including design, cost, supervision and construction in an all-round and whole-process way on behalf of the owner, so as to ensure that the owner's construction objectives can be successfully completed and that the consulting work will not be punished because the consulting quality fails to meet the assessment objectives;
2)PPP project: Since the three core consulting businesses (except EPC design) are generally invited by the government, the social capital party is often responsible for the construction (possibly due to the introduction of external enterprises by the consortium), the main management object of SPV company will focus on the design and construction progress, paying special attention to the budget and financial evaluation to avoid non-compliance events caused by excessive investment.
3) As can be seen from the above, the whole process consulting management will pay more attention to technical and professional work and quality than PPP projects. PPP projects attach great importance to the acquisition of investment income, and sometimes even artificially suspend construction.
4. Directional differences in cost control:
1) whole process consultation: as it is managed on behalf of the owner, the starting point of cost control is to minimize the changes in investment increase and the changes in material selection, brand identification and specifications that cause investment increase; Minimize the quantity of materials such as inquiry, quality approval and price approval. At the same time, the process audit of progress payment must be strictly controlled to make it consistent with the actually completed objects that meet the measurement standards;
2)PPP project: As it involves the construction profit, in cost control, it is often based on the requirement of maximizing the benefits of social capital. At the request of the construction unit, such as recognizing the quantity in advance, increasing profits, changing some projects, and consciously planning in the direction of high profit/high output value in the selection of material brands/specifications, this is the fundamental reason why the financial evaluation budget of PPP project cannot be completed on time.
3) As can be seen from the above, in terms of cost control, there is a big difference between the whole process consulting project department and PPP project company in management direction and intensity, and it is necessary to realize the change of consciousness, especially the preparation and audit of the budget, and the whole process consulting must be presided over and participated in personally.
5. Different contents, participation and status of the project site coordination meeting:
1) whole process consultation: the project department is in the position of presiding and controlling at the project implementation coordination meeting, and comprehensively holds reports, discussions, analysis, promotion and rectification around various elements of the project construction to ensure that the project construction is under control in terms of progress, cost, quality and safety. The participants in the meeting generally include all participants in the project construction; Meeting minutes shall be compiled and implemented by the project department.
2)PPP projects: Regular coordination meetings are often held separately as required, such as joint meetings organized by social capital parties (referred to as internal meetings), coordination meetings led by government implementing agencies, and regular supervision meetings hosted by supervisors. Therefore, the participating units and discussion contents will be adjusted according to the needs of the meeting; The minutes of the meeting shall be compiled by the management center, the project company or the supervision unit, and shall be organized and implemented.
6. Differences in preparation of important documents during construction:
1) whole process consultation: whole process consultation management plan (the main contents have been described above), work instruction, WBS and decomposition, weekly/monthly/quarterly/annual report materials (submitted to the owner), cost control analysis comparison table, progress control analysis improvement table (including design progress, etc.). ), monthly/quarterly/annual consulting quality evaluation form, etc.
2)PPP project: scheme plan (the main content has been described above), headquarters organizational structure and post responsibilities, construction/investment plan, closing outline, monthly fund plan, collection plan, etc.
7. Differences in composition of on-site management team:
1) Whole-process consultation: As can be seen from the above comparison table, the whole-process consultation may be different due to different business scope, but in addition to the basic management personnel allocation, professional management personnel such as design management and cost management are needed to realize the whole-process control of design and cost; Managers generally need to hold relevant certificates;
2)PPP project: As can be seen from the comparison table above, in addition to the basic management personnel allocation, PPP projects also need to allocate financing, finance, investment, operation and other line personnel in the background to maximize the investment budget income; In addition to the commander-in-chief, managers generally have no special requirements for holding certificates.
In other words, the on-site management personnel of PPP projects are generally less than the on-site management personnel of the whole consultation.
8. Differences in data collection scope and management characteristics during construction:
1) whole process consultation: as the owner's representative, all information (except construction data) of the owner and all participating units of the project will be collected synchronously during the whole process consultation, and files will be formed in time; Pay attention to information integrity, closed process and legal procedure, and pay special attention to the process of important meeting minutes and approval materials; Full-time librarians are required to synchronize the process to form data to prevent post-compensation.
2)PPP project: The process data, financing data and compliance data of business entities and project companies are mainly collected during the process; Organize all contractors (such as owners, construction units, supervision units, design units, etc. ) form a document and submit it to the completion record. Focus on legal compliance, contract/supplementary agreement/memorandum, project payment review/payment, financial evaluation budget/quality approval and price approval. Engineering managers are engaged in data management.
4. Differentiated management in operation stage.
It is not difficult to understand from the concept of full consultation. The so-called whole-process consultation naturally includes consultation during the operation period, but in fact, due to the problems of project management and consultation development, the whole-process consultation often ends with project construction and completion acceptance. There are many reasons, such as the understanding of project construction in China's engineering construction field, the industry's neglect of operation management, the lagging and imperfect/irregular development of operation management, the lack of standards for operation cost calculation, the long operation cycle and many variables, the difficulty in forming a unified standard for operation quality and assessment, the different contents and forms of operation, and the different requirements of owners for operation.
Based on the current situation, we only give some personal thoughts on how to make up for the shortcomings in the whole consultation process.
1. Understand that ideological promotion and operation also belong to the consulting category;
In fact, the real estate agency construction industry is the most typical light asset service type integrating construction and operation, such as Greentown agency construction. Its "green star standard" includes product index, operation index, service index and supplier index, among which operation and service are very important.
Environmental protection projects, such as garbage sorting and garbage disposal, all include post-operation and are very mature. This kind of project consulting units often participate in EPC, mainly responsible for design, equipment procurement and operation, while the construction is carried out by professional construction units in the form of consortium.
Therefore, it is very necessary to accept operation from the perspective of engineering consulting, and operation is also an important part of consulting industry. On the one hand, the operation time is long, on the other hand, there is a big room for income improvement, on the one hand, it has always been a headache for the government, on the other hand, the operation process has a demonstration effect in similar projects.
2. Operation consultation in the whole consultation:
1) Pre-planning/drafting of project operation contents and schemes, including process schemes when necessary, preparation of performance appraisal management methods, selection of operating units and bidding, etc.
2) Recommend, inspect and select suitable operating units for the owner in the construction stage;
3) Cooperate with the design unit to design the operation process and scheme, including process layout, special requirements of the building, product testing/demonstration/standard formulation, etc.
4) Cooperate with the preparation of operating cost analysis and put forward the recommended scheme;
5) In the operation stage, you can directly participate in the operation and get the operating return;
6) Participate in and organize the owner's regular evaluation of the operation, and put forward the evaluation results;
7) Participate in the discussion, analysis and research on the changes in the operation process, and put forward reasonable solutions, including "four innovations" transformation, medium repair and overhaul;
8) Assist relevant parties to compile operation and maintenance management manuals, and organize training and examinations;
9) Collect and learn new national policies, regulations and standards in time, and participate in the upgrading, transformation, expansion and new construction of products by the owner.
5. How to realize role transformation?
It is not difficult to see from the above analysis that PPP projects focus on legal compliance procedures, and the whole process consultation focuses on technical and management coordination; PPP projects pay more attention to investment income and value-added returns, and the whole process consultation pays attention to investment control and progress; The service chain of PPP project is long, and the whole process of consultation focuses on the construction period.
Role conversion suggestions:
1. After entering the site, organize the disclosure meeting first, collect the relevant information in the early stage of the project (because all the information of the owners should be collected and studied), sign a contract, understand the progress of the project, and be familiar with the site;
2. While gradually establishing the project department, study the contract, dock the current stage of the project, collect the processes of various stages/events of local government investment projects, such as approval, accreditation, procurement, etc., and form a procurement management system (including contractor's procurement, etc. ) when necessary;
3. Organize the first meeting to discuss and clarify the responsibilities of all contractors and the workflow of project implementation, and start to prepare WBS and work breakdown table and submit it to all contractors for discussion; It is particularly important to study and set up a project promotion leading group and clarify the division of labor and responsibilities; Formulate the conference system and organize its implementation;
4. Determine WBS and breakdown table, and make work contact list according to their respective responsibilities and task requirements;
5. The promotion process is managed in accordance with the capital construction procedures of government-invested projects, strictly implementing PDCA requirements, and at the same time compiling the management system of corrective and preventive measures;
6. About the preparation of the schedule: Suggestion: The project department shall prepare the first-level schedule according to the government demand and the basic provisions of the standards and specifications of various disciplines, and each discipline shall prepare the second-level schedule according to the requirements of the first-level schedule and the strength and management characteristics of their respective teams. In the implementation process, according to the requirements of the image progress node, a three-level progress plan (generally referred to as a weekly plan or a monthly plan) is prepared, which will be used as the basis for implementation, assessment and payment after being confirmed by relevant parties;
7. Suggestions on staffing: According to the contract, but if project management is the main task, with the support of the background, design management, budget management, engineering management, administrative management, data management and other personnel must be deployed simultaneously;
8. Process control: regular/irregular, special and routine inspections can be adopted, and existing problems must be rectified and closed; Establish a file data ledger.
9. Investment control: Cost personnel are required to master the implementation of the project in the whole process, pay attention to various changes and other events that may cause investment changes in time, conduct analysis and research in time, and put forward plans, measures and suggestions for the owner to make decisions.
Other actions that are basically stipulated for engineering construction are familiar to those who have been engaged in PPP project management and can be controlled, so I won't repeat them here. Thirdly, because the whole process consultation is a kind of service, and the process information is the witness of whether the contract is fulfilled or not, we must pay full attention to the management of information.