Step 1: Before sowing garlic, plow and rake the ground, carefully prepare the soil and level the boundary. Apply 5000 kilograms of organic fertilizer, 50 kilograms of cake fertilizer, 50 kilograms of diammonium phosphate and 30 kilograms of potassium sulfate per mu. After the land is cleared, it is made into a sewer bed, the surface is 20 ~ 25 cm narrower than the plastic film, and the depth and width of the ditch are 25 cm respectively.

Step 2: Because garlic has germinated before sowing, the sowing time of garlic mulching can be 5-7 days later than that of garlic cultivated in the open field, and it can be sown at about1June 15, and the planting density is 35,000-40,000 plants per mu.

Step 3: Generally, the garlic planted with plastic film is mainly watered with small water, and it is watered for the first time immediately after sowing, for the second time near emergence, for the first time at seedling stage, for the first time before overwintering, for the first time at the turning green stage, for the first time at the garlic bolting differentiation stage, for 3-4 times before bolting, and for 5-7 days before bolting. After lifting, pour 3 ~ 4 waters. Garlic covered with plastic film is 5 ~ 7 days earlier than garlic in the open field.

Garlic can't get out of the film, so it must be buckled manually. When the young garlic shoots are exposed, the plastic film can be removed and weeding can be carried out at the same time.

Step 4: The main pests of garlic are thrips and garlic maggots. It can be used to kill thrips allii by spraying 80% dichlorvos 1200 times and garlic maggots by spraying 90% trichlorfon 1000 times. Its main diseases are leaf blight and soft rot. Prevention and control: 0.5% copper sulfate solution can be used for soil disinfection before sowing; If you get sick, you can spray 80% chlorothalonil for 800 times.

Second, the method of planting garlic in the open air:

Step 1: Because garlic has shallow root system and weak absorption, it is suitable to use loose and fertile sandy loam with convenient irrigation and drainage. Generally, three plows and three rakes make the fields thin and flat, which is convenient for rooting and seedling emergence. On the basis of intensive cultivation, it is best to irrigate the fields with a ditch width of 1 ~ 1.5m, a ditch width of 30cm and a ditch depth of 25cm. The middle border and the surrounding border should be properly deepened to facilitate irrigation and drainage, and 5 to 7 rows of garlic should be planted in each border.

The second step is to germinate garlic and seed it with phoxim before sowing. Trenching depth 10 cm, width 6 ~ 7 cm. After sowing, cover the soil for 3 ~ 4 cm. Sow around June 10. The density per mu is 35,000 ~ 38,000 plants.

Step 3: water garlic immediately after sowing, then water it for 5-6 days, water it for the third time after the seedlings come out, and then plow and hoe the ground. Watering in winter, timely weeding and intertillage during the greening period, topdressing with 2000 ~ 3000 kg of organic fertilizer and 30 ~ 40 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu. Water young garlic shoots 3-4 times during the growing period to keep the soil moist.

Stop watering 5 days before garlic bolting to promote garlic bolting. During the garlic expansion period, water it 4 ~ 5 times, and stop watering it 5 ~ 6 days before garlic harvest to facilitate the harvest. In addition, weeds in garlic field should be uprooted in time during garlic growth, and 1.5% acetochlor should be sprayed on the ground after garlic sowing.

Garlic is generally harvested 24 ~ 28 days after bolting, and 14 ~ 16 days after bolting in clay land. Garlic in the open field was delayed by 5 ~ 10 days compared with plastic film mulching. At this time, the garlic harvested did not come loose, and it was tightly hugged. Choose sunny days and harvest when the soil is dry. After harvesting, it should be dried in time to prevent quality degradation.