First, posture. Grape is a perennial vine fruit tree, which needs to be shed to maintain a certain space and fruit shape and obtain a higher yield. Put it up in the first year, and you can't climb it smoothly.

1. Hedge frame: The surface of the frame is vertical to the ground and looks like a fence wall. At present, single-wall hedgerows are mostly used, the height of which is more than 2 meters. A column can be erected every 4-5 meters, and a lead wire of 12- 14 can be drawn on it every 40 cm.

2. Large scaffolding: the row spacing is more than 6 meters, the horizontal column spacing is about 2 meters, and there are generally 4-5 rows of columns in the horizontal direction. The first row of columns is about 1 m away from the grape plants, and the height is 60-70 cm. The second row of columns 1.5 meters, the third row of columns 2.3 meters, make 1-3 rows of column tops.

Small scaffolding: the row spacing is less than 6 meters, and the construction method is the same as that of large scaffolding.

3. Large horizontal scaffold: suitable for garden cultivation. Planting grapes in the garden can not only increase income, but also beautify the environment, killing two birds with one stone. Generally, large scaffolding is used, which takes up more space and occupies less space, including the space on the roof.

4. Cutting

Without cutting roots (cutting seedlings in the open field), the stored branches are taken out of the ditch in spring, soaked in clean water for 6-8 hours indoors, and then cut. Generally, the branches are cut into cuttings with 2-3 buds respectively. Cuttings are generally about 20 cm long, and varieties with long internodes only leave 1-2 buds on each cutting. When cutting, the upper end is cut horizontally at the top of the bud 1 cm, and the lower end is cut obliquely at the bottom of the bud, and the cut is "ear-shaped" (the cut is easy to take root near the bud eye). The bud eye on the top of the cutting should be full. If the first bud eye is damaged after cutting, the second bud eye can germinate, which is beneficial to improve the survival rate of cutting.

5, layering propagation

The layering method is a propagation method that leaves the mother plant after some branches of a big tree take root. Horizontal layering can make use of 1-2-year-old redundant branches, and can also be used for layering seedlings with new shoots or auxiliary branches of the same year.

The wavy layering method is similar to 1 year-old mature tiller, except that the layering is bent up and down in the ditch, and the downward bend is fixed with wood rights or iron hooks and pressed into the bottom of the ditch for compaction, so as to take root.

Before the middle battens germinate in late spring, put the 1-2-year-old branches in plastic bags at the base of the right branches, or rent bamboo slips, small flowerpots, etc. Fill them with nutrient soil, then put the branches in, fix them, water them and let them take root. Generally, in the lower part of the flowerpot after July-August, the base of the set of branches is gradually cut off and separated from the mother, becoming an independent plant.

6. Grafting propagation

Green branch grafting is the main grafting method for grape seedling at present. In the northern areas of Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces, the grafting time can be as long as 1 month, from mid-May to mid-June; Southern Liaoning, southern Shandong and southern Hebei can be grafted for more than two months, and the grafting time will be longer if they cooperate with protected areas.

Grafting method: mainly split grafting. First, choose semi-lignified green branch scions, preferably summer buds that have just sprouted and have no leaves at the end. After grafting, the survival rate is high and the growth is fast. If the summer buds have grown 3-4 leaves, remove the secondary branches and use the winter buds. Winter buds germinate slowly, but grow fast and stout after germination. Rootstock and scion have the same thickness and maturity, and the survival rate is high.

What medicine do you need to take to grow grapes?

1, grape anthracnose

Control measures: (1) Thoroughly remove diseased ears, diseased vines and diseased leaves to reduce the source of germs. In the south of the Yangtze River, flowers can be bagged immediately after withering. ⑵ Strengthen cultivation management, timely rectify the school, tie vines and pick cores, and ventilate the shelf surface. Increase the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. ⑶ During the germination and pilling period, spray 0.3% sodium pentachlorophenol 4-degree stone sulfur mixture, or 150 times thiram arsenic, or 100 times carbendazim as the eradicator. (4) Spraying from late April in the south to late May in the north, and then spraying once every 10- 15 days, which can spray 700-800 times of 80% anthrax thiram, 600-700 times of 50% chlorothalonil and 800 times of 50% bactericide or mancozeb. There is a lot of rain in the south, and adhesives such as "6501"1500 times or 0.03%-0.05% leather glue are added to the liquid medicine.

2. Grape white rot

Control measures: (1) Thoroughly remove diseased branches, diseased ears and diseased leaves. 2 timely pruning, improve the fruit position, timely weeding, pay attention to drainage. For plants that grow in vain, it is forbidden to apply nitrogen fertilizer before flowering. (3) In the north, after the grapes are unearthed, spray 5-degree sulfur mixture or 100 times chlorothalonil; Spraying pesticides every 15 days from the young fruit stage (June) to the harvest. In the south, we should do a good job in the prevention and control of inflorescence separation period (from late April to early May), 7 days after flowering and the first half of maturity. The main drugs are half dose, equal dose or double dose Bordeaux solution, 75% chlorothalonil 800 times solution, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 700 times solution, 70% thiophanate 700 times solution or 50% sterilization solution 800 times solution. (4) Develop disease-resistant varieties. White rot of Kyoho grape is not common. In the south, try to develop varieties with maturity earlier than Kyoho, or avoid the peak of white rot by popularizing cultivation.

Grape black pox

Control methods: (1) combine pruning in summer or the whole growing season, completely prune diseased branches, remove diseased fruits and leaves; After pruning in autumn, thoroughly clean up the litter, burn it centrally and bury it deeply to minimize the source of bacteria. ⑵ Rational application of potash fertilizer. Prevent plants from growing white, enhance tree vigor and improve disease resistance; Shelf surface should be reasonable, and keep good ventilation and light transmission conditions. (3) Spraying 200 times of sodium pentachlorophenol solution or 3-5 Baume Lithospermum mixture before the plants are unearthed and germinated in spring; Spraying 1 times 1:0.5:200-240 bordeaux solution before and after flowering in the growth period, and other chemicals are 75% chlorothalonil 500 times solution or 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution.