According to the classification of the International Classification of Diseases (9th Edition), tumor is the leading killer disease in Macao, followed by circulatory system diseases and respiratory system diseases. According to the statistics in 2007, the mortality of these three diseases accounted for 32.2%, 23.9% and 15.7% respectively. Educational history
Because the early residents of Macao mostly made a living by fishing, education was not valued at first in Macao. After 1535, foreign missionaries came to Australia to preach and write books and conduct social and cultural education. In the past 400 years, there have been two societies in Macao: one is Portuguese society and the other is Chinese society. These two societies form their own primary and secondary education in their own languages. The official schools that provide Portuguese education for Portuguese children are organized by churches and community groups. Private schools that teach in Chinese or English are from chinese social organizations.
The government has certain qualification requirements for teachers in government-run schools, that is, teachers must be trained in normal education, but there is no requirement for teachers in private schools to be trained. It was only after the signing of the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration that the Macao government began to attach importance to the cultivation of local talents, and therefore education began to receive attention.
199 1 years ago, the Macao government always adopted a "free education" approach to education. It was not until August 291year that a set of laws and regulations on the education system was formally formulated to meet the future needs and development of the local society. With Macao's economic development and population increase, the development of education has become an urgent need of society. Teachers are the main body to promote education. Therefore, under the current social environment in Macao, it is an urgent task to promote teacher education. Macao's new government has undertaken part of the education funds. In addition to subsidizing teacher training, it has also set up an education college in universities, further developing teacher education.
In Macao, non-higher education includes pre-school education and preparatory classes for primary education, primary and secondary education and vocational schools. Educational institutions in Macao can be divided into three categories: government schools, aided schools and private schools. Most schools in Macao are private or subsidized, while public schools run by the government include Gomez Sino-Portuguese Middle School, Sino-Portuguese Vocational and Technical Middle School and Erlonghou Sino-Portuguese Primary School. As for secondary education, there are currently 465,438+0 schools in Macao offering five-year secondary school courses and two-thirds secondary school courses, including 28 Chinese secondary schools, 4 English secondary schools, 65,438+0 Portuguese secondary schools and 2 Sino-Portuguese secondary schools. In addition, four middle schools have both Chinese and English departments, and there are two international schools.
At present, Macao does not have a completely unified education system. Therefore, schools adopt different educational systems according to their needs and objectives, usually one of the three educational systems, namely English (connecting with Hong Kong education), Portuguese and China. The Macao government implements 15 free education for schools that are included in the public education network, and provides financial assistance to schools that are not included in the network.
Higher education institutions
Macao's higher education has developed very rapidly. The largest Macau University of Science and Technology, founded in 2000, is the first private university established after Macao's sovereignty was transferred to People's Republic of China (PRC), and it is developing vigorously. The first modern institution of higher learning "University of East Asia" (namely "University of Macau") was established in 198 1. Among the courses offered, tourism and hotel management, gambling management, physical education and sports, Chinese medicine, translation and so on are more distinctive.
12 institutions of higher learning are as follows:
University of Macau, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Polytechnic Institute, Macau Tourism Institute, Macau City University, Macau Security Forces College (for Macao permanent residents only), Macau Jinghu Nursing College, Macau Intercollegiate College, Macau Management College, Chinese and Western Innovation Institute, European Research Institute, and International Institute of Software Technology of United Nations University. Macao successfully hosted the 4th Macau East Asian Games in 2005 and the Portuguese-speaking Games at the end of 2006 10, in which the main venue, the Macau East Asian Games Gymnasium, was opened in July 2005. In addition, a number of constructions have been started and completed in Macao, such as Fisherman's Wharf, Lucheng Cotai Strip, Science Museum, HelloKittyland Theme Park, and hotels under discussion next to the Gymnasium of Macau East Asian Games. In addition to hosting the 4th East Asian Games and the 1st Portuguese-speaking Games in Macau in 2005 and 2009, Macau will also host the 2nd Asian Indoor Games, the China People's Games and the Junior Middle School Games in 2007 and 2009 respectively.
In addition, there are many other festivals in Macao every year, including:
Macao Arts Festival: Macao's annual cultural and artistic event.
Macau International Dragon Boat Race: As a traditional sports and cultural activity in China, the dragon boat race was held in Nanwan Water Sports Center.
Macau International Marathon: It is the largest track and field event in Macau, with routes including Macau Peninsula, Taipa Island and Coloane Island.
Macau Grand Prix: The first race is on 1953, 65438+1October 30 -3 1. The Macau Grand Prix is now an annual event in Macau's sports and automobile circles. The race is held on the runway named East Wang Yang. Due to Macao's unique geographical location and historical background, Macao culture is a parallel culture of Chinese culture with profound traditional connotation and western culture with Portuguese culture as the essence, and it is a diversified and integrated culture with Chinese culture as the mainstay and Portuguese culture as the compatibility.
For hundreds of years, with the continuous immigration of mainland residents from China to Macau, the traditional culture of China has also been brought into Macau, forming the main culture of Chinese in Macau. If Mazu culture is widely spread in Macao, there are more than 65,438+00 temples in Macao dedicated only to Tianhou. Mazu belief, as a folk belief, has been integrated into Buddhism and Taoism and has become a pluralistic belief.
Macau used to be the center of religious culture, including China's ancient religions such as Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and later introduced religions such as Catholicism, Christianity and Islam. The diversity of religious culture has also been fully demonstrated in Macao, where Catholicism, Christianity, Buddhism, Taoism and Mazu all have reservations. For example, the St. Paul archway, which combines the essence of eastern and western architecture, is a masterpiece of mutual tolerance between eastern and western religions. 1982, the Portuguese and Australian authorities established the Macao Cultural Association to assist the authorities in formulating and implementing cultural policies. Macao Cultural Society has changed the phenomenon that culture only serves a few Portuguese communities in the past, gradually started a dialogue with the people, actively supported various cultural and artistic groups to hold Macao Art Festival, and promoted cultural exchanges between China and Portugal.
There are 14 public libraries, 6 museums, 9 exhibition halls and 18 stadiums in Macao. The largest library in Macau is the public library, while the newspaper reading room in Nanwan is a large Chinese library. Museums in Macao mainly preserve and collect Macao's cultural relics and materials. The largest museum in Macao opens 1998.
Many literati and scholars have published works and many books, which is the period with the largest number of books in Macao's history. Every day, Macao newspapers report a lot about the political, economic, cultural, educational, health, environmental protection and scientific and technological development in Macao, Hongkong, Chinese mainland and other parts of the world. Macao's non-governmental organizations, cultural institutions and academic groups have also published various tabloids, publications and papers, showing a thriving cultural scene. Macao does not have its own news agency, but only branches set up by foreign news agencies or journalists stationed in Macao. There are two radio stations in Macao. 1984, Macao TV started broadcasting, but Macao residents mainly watch the programs of Hong Kong TV.
As Macao is a place where China people live in foreign countries and practice freedom of belief, the religions of its residents are also diverse. As most residents are from China, their beliefs are mainly Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and folk gods. Chinese culture in Macau is deeply influenced by China traditional culture and Confucian moral thought. Every Christmas of Confucius, the Confucius Institute in Macau will lead Chinese people from all walks of life and schools to hold commemorative and sacrificial ceremonies. In Buddhism, Fusaiji in Wang Xia Village is one of the early temple buildings in Macau. Taoist gods such as Tan Gong, Hong, Emperor Wen Chang, Emperor Guan, Emperor Bei and Huang Cheng are worshipped in Macao. Guanyin and Mazu worship are particularly popular in Macao, and their buildings include Mazu Pavilion Temple built by Fujian businessmen during Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty.
In terms of Christianity, the Catholic diocese of Macau was established on June 23rd, 1576+65438, with Jia (founder of Renci Church) as its first bishop. The first Chinese bishop was Bishop Lin Jiajun. Since a large number of Portuguese natives left Macao before the reunification, the believers are mainly Chinese. Protestantism also regards Macau as the first stop to set foot in China. Ma Lixun, a missionary of London Missionary Society in England, came to Macau on 1807, which started the missionary history of Protestantism in China. There are two oldest Chinese Protestant churches in Macao, namely, Daotang of the Chinese Christian Church and Macau Baptist Church (also known as Baimaxiang Baptist Church), with a history of about 100 years. Established in 1849, Victoria Diocese of the Anglican Church covers Macao, and has now become the missionary area of the Hong Kong Anglican Church in Macao.
In addition to mainstream beliefs, there are different kinds of religions in Macao. Islam, for example, may have been introduced into Macao by Persian businessmen before the Ming Dynasty, and its community organization is the Islamic Society of Macao. In the missionary movement, Baha 'is also chose Macao as one of the missionary areas. 1935 was introduced by Mrs. FlancesHeller, a Baha 'i believer in California, USA. Now its community organization is the Baha 'i Association of Macao. In addition, the international Kirchner Perception Association, the Japanese Shinto Society and the Macau Sōka Gakkai all have activities in Macau, but their scale is relatively smaller than that of mainstream religions.