The influence of American education on the world
Children grow up day by day, and parents want their children to live actively, study hard, know their own ideas and be good at expressing them. Love your parents and be friendly to everything around you. Although the wishes are the same, the growth of children is different. This is because parents have different ways of education.
Education is very important for children to get correct guidance. Recently, many mothers are talking about American education. The details are as follows:
1, hope principle
In the process of children's growth, we should encourage them to build up confidence, not be afraid of difficulties and have their own ideal goals. Even if the prospects are bumpy, children should always see hope.
2, the principle of equality
Parents should look their children in the eyes, respect their ideas, listen to their voices instead of always thinking that they are absolutely right, encourage them to express their ideas and guide them, and cultivate their children's correct values and outlook on life from an early age.
3. Attribution principle
Family is a very important environment for children. It is necessary to ensure a good atmosphere in the family and let children have a sense of dependence on the family from an early age.
4, the storage principle
Before the child is underage, it is mainly the responsibility of parents to raise the child. Don't leave your children with the elderly on the pretext that you are busy with work. Of course, the elderly should also respect the custody of the younger generation and don't take it away.
5, the principle of example
Parents are the best teachers for their children, and their words and deeds will greatly affect their children. Therefore, in front of children, parents should have the image of combining rigidity with softness and set a positive example.
6. Consequence principle
When a child is ready to do a new thing, parents should analyze the pros and cons for him and help the child analyze the consequences of the thing. Let children form responsible good habits from an early age.
7, the principle of punishment
If a child has done something wrong, he can criticize and point out the mistake, but never punish the child. Corporal punishment is easy to cause conflicts between parents and children, so it must be used with caution.
8. Boundary principle
It is necessary to educate children to understand the boundary between morality and law from an early age, and to know that the bottom line of law is never insurmountable.
9, 20 yards principle
20 yards (about 18 meters) is just a symbol, which symbolizes giving children some private space. Respect children's opinions and independent thoughts, encourage children to participate in public welfare activities and do what they can. Encourage children to do what they can. However, don't relax your guardianship responsibilities.
10, four w principles
At any time, you should know who your children are with, where they are, what they are doing and when they will go home. For your underage children, you must know these four time points.
The most impressive thing about American family education is that
Respect children from childhood, parents can't force their children to eat; Children should not be reprimanded for doing wrong things; Don't ask your child to change clothes in a commanding tone; All kinds of toys and children's books at home are placed where children can get them; The walls and doors are covered with children's; Works of art; Parents rarely insist on their children's words and deeds, and it is natural for children to call their elders by their first names like partners. Americans pay great attention to the tone and way of talking to children. Children should not only listen carefully to adults, but also parents should always squat when talking to their children. In short, in the United States, children are respected not only because they are young and need love and help, but also because they are independent individuals from the womb, and parents or teachers have no privilege to dominate or restrict their words and deeds, even from; In details, children should also feel that they are small masters.
Some people think that American parents respect their children too much, but it turns out that most children who are well respected by their parents are very cooperative with their parents. They are friendly and polite, have no embarrassment when talking to adults, and are very independent.
Conclusion: Children's growth is a long process. Whether parents' educational methods are correct or not has a great relationship with children's character cultivation. Parents attach importance to children's knowledge learning, but they can't ignore life learning. Only when emotional intelligence and IQ develop together can children become better.
The Influence of American Education on China
In order to learn advanced educational concepts and methods from developed countries and broaden teachers' international horizons, at the end of 2009, I had the honor to conduct a 60-day educational investigation in the United States as a member of Shenzhen's "Teachers' Overseas Training Program". During this period, I visited 8 different types of primary and secondary schools, 2 educational institutions and 10 famous schools. After just two months' study and investigation, American culture and education gave me beneficial enlightenment, which opened another educational window for me and browsed the different scenery of American basic education.
School Culture: Equality and Freedom "All men are born equal, and the creator has endowed them with certain inalienable rights, including the right to life, freedom and the right to pursue happiness." Hit floor's Declaration of Independence declared the independence of the United States, making equality and freedom the core and symbol of the American spirit. The school is an important place to inherit the national culture and national spirit. Equality and freedom have naturally become the spiritual core of American school culture, leaving a deep imprint on American school education. Equality between people does not mean material equality or average, but spiritual mutual understanding and respect. In the United States, I deeply feel such equality, mutual understanding and respect, whether it is the promulgation of the macro-level "No Child Left Behind" education bill or the micro-level schools.
Teachers will naturally show respect for students and sense of equality between teachers and students whenever and wherever they come into contact with students. When I visited Riverdalecountry School in new york, I saw such a classroom scene: in the class of "Building America", the students' seats were in a circle, and the teacher sat next to the middle students; In another history class, teachers go to various groups from time to time to participate in their discussions, and sometimes they simply squat down to listen or answer students' questions. In the second grade literacy class of new york public 255 school, the author saw teachers and students sitting on the floor, patiently holding pictures to explain the words and stories above ... The school has great decision-making power in curriculum, especially in elective courses, and students fully enjoy the freedom of choosing courses. In teaching in America, teachers have great freedom. Within the framework of educational standards, what textbooks to choose and how to teach them are completely determined by teachers according to the needs of students. American students also have great freedom, and many students' seemingly random behaviors in class are allowed. When visiting Riverdalecountry School in new york, we saw that students can freely choose their own learning methods, freely express their views and opinions, take classes in a comfortable posture, and bring their own computers ... Of course, all this is provided that it will not affect others.
Besides, students have a lot of free time and space. The school has classes five days a week, from 7: 30 a.m. to 2: 30 p.m. and from 3: 00 p.m. to 6: 00 p.m., students take part in extracurricular activities, including academic consultation, community activities, club activities and community services ... Some people may understand that the freedom of American schools is arbitrary, sloppy, chaotic and unruly. In fact, we are not impressed by the quiet and order of every campus in American schools. In essence, freedom more embodies the pursuit of human's free and all-round development. Equality means respecting students' personality, and education that adapts to and develops students' personality differences is the most equal and best education. Curriculum teaching: the core of personalized and differentiated education is curriculum, and education will always serve students with curriculum. When education focuses on students' all-round development, personality development and lifelong development, it is natural to avoid the core of curriculum. The main courses in American schools are Chinese, mathematics, natural science, social science, health and sports, music, art and so on. Individualization is the biggest feature of American primary and secondary school curriculum. The educational idea of the United States is that every student can enjoy educational services suitable for his personality development, which is always the ideal goal pursued by school education and curriculum. In order to promote students' personality development, American primary and secondary schools have built a curriculum system with students' development as the value orientation. The combination of compulsory courses and elective courses shows different characteristics in curriculum implementation and curriculum management.
The school provides students with diversified and personalized courses as much as possible to meet their different educational needs. In middle school, there are many kinds of elective courses, including pre-university courses, such as calculus, business foundation, artistic photography, sociology foundation, mass media communication and other courses, as well as courses to cultivate interests, hobbies and abilities. For example, Truman High School has nearly 100 elective courses such as photography, journalism, drama, literature, electrician, woodworking, machinery, cooking and law. Rural schools in new york offer French, Spanish, Chinese, Italian, Latin and Greek as second foreign languages. New york Mark Twain School for Gifted Students offers courses such as music and dance, symphony, wind music, chorus, jazz, performing arts and drama for students to choose independently. In addition, in addition to providing students with personalized courses, the school also provides students with many personalized services: parent reception center, psychological counseling center, community activity center, entrance guidance center, course selection guidance center, and academic counseling center to meet the individual development needs of students.
American primary and secondary school curriculum pays attention to keeping pace with the times. Under the background of short knowledge updating cycle, American curriculum pays attention to strengthening the connection between curriculum content and students' life and keeping up with the development of modern society and science. At Riverdalecountry School, I attended a history class, and the teacher quoted Wal-Mart's case study on globalization. Such a course is full of the flavor and vitality of the times, which helps to enhance students' affinity with the learning content and stimulate students' interest in learning. American primary and secondary school curriculum pays attention to integration. Dr Giordano is the director of the Art Department of San Vincenzo College in new york. In addition to the administration and teaching of the college, he also presided over the project of "integrated teaching of other disciplines and art disciplines". He started this project in new york Public No.7 Primary School. Before, the school declined year by year for various reasons. This project combines art with reading, mathematics, science, sociology and other courses. For example, the combination of writing and painting, poetry and music, dance and painting. And integrate art into the teaching of various subjects and students' learning.
Since the implementation of the project, the decline of the school has been completely reversed in the period of 10, and the school has regained its vitality. At present, this school has become a model school in new york. In Riverdalecountry School, sociology teachers will add relevant historical knowledge, mathematical knowledge (compiling statistics from racial attitude survey) and scientific knowledge (from phrenology to intelligence measurement) to the teaching of racism, supplemented by a large number of skills descriptions of reading, writing, research and expression. In addition, in new york public school 184, a teacher's special study class is an example of comprehensive learning. The teacher focused on "mung beans". There are mung beans in the classroom, mung bean paintings on the wall, short essays on the table and calculations of mung beans on the blackboard. It combines the contents of Chinese, biology, mathematics, fine arts and other disciplines. At present, curriculum integration has been understood, recognized and applied by more and more American teachers.
American primary and secondary school curriculum teaching emphasizes differences. Teachers generally adopt the organizational form of class collective teaching, group teaching and individual teaching, and pay attention to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, hierarchical teaching and classified guidance. Usually after the sixth grade, students will be divided into three levels, ABC3, senior high school and even Grade 4, according to their learning foundation and ability. Although the students are in the same grade, the teaching materials are different, and the teaching contents and objectives are also different. Even in the same class in the same grade, the teacher's teaching is different. When we visited new york Excellence Education School, we saw a teacher lecturing on the podium in front of the classroom, and other teachers were explaining to two or three students in a corner of the classroom. Even in the corridor outside the classroom, we sometimes see teachers "cooking" students. Later, we learned that this is their personalized teaching based on student differences. Curriculum teaching in American primary and secondary schools emphasizes cultivating ability and emotion. It is emphasized that students should fully develop their own abilities, enhance their self-confidence, enhance their emotions, develop a scientific attitude and a good personality in the process of mastering knowledge, and promote all-round and harmonious development. When I visited Mark Twain's genius school, I observed a sixth-grade robot making class. The teacher divided each large group of students into two groups and sat back to back. The first group of students control the computer program, and the second group of students can't watch the computer. They can only assemble related accessories according to the control program given orally by the first group of students.
Teachers' meticulous and ingenious teaching arrangements not only enable students to master relevant knowledge and skills, but also cultivate students' memory ability, practical ability, understanding ability, expression ability, communication ability and cooperation spirit. What kind of educational wisdom and feelings are behind this? In addition, the curriculum teaching in primary and secondary schools in the United States also emphasizes teaching and learning. They regard teaching as a process of interaction between teachers and students, emphasizing that under the guidance of teachers, students can acquire knowledge independently and let them "learn to learn". When we visited various schools, no matter middle school or primary school, we could feel that the classroom atmosphere was lively and relaxed, students took the initiative to learn, and there were many opportunities for thinking, communication and expression. Personalized courses and differentiated teaching provide the most suitable education for each student. In this respect, American education is undoubtedly worth learning. Moral Education: Love and Rules There are many ways and means of moral education in primary and secondary schools in the United States, but no matter which way, the education of love and rules is highlighted and valued. Without love, there is no education, and teachers' love is the premise and foundation of moral education for students.
During my visit to the United States, what impressed me the most was American teachers' respect for their careers and their care for their students, which naturally emerged from the depths of their souls. American teachers treat every student equally, regardless of region, race, religion, wealth, beauty and ugliness, and respect their individuality and personality differences. They speak softly and are kind to students. They are patient and meticulous with students, and are good at appreciating and encouraging them. When I visited new york Public School 255, it was lunch time. In many classrooms, I see teachers: either preparing school supplies for children, preparing lessons, making up lessons for students, communicating with students, or correcting homework ... As ushinski, a Soviet educator, said: "In education, everything is based on the personality of educators. Teachers' love and example are actually the most direct and vivid moral education materials. "
In education, love and encouragement are important, but rules and proper punishment are also indispensable. The United States is a society ruled by law, and has formulated and implemented a complex and strict legal system to regulate people's peer behavior and ensure people's equality and freedom. Education is no exception. Taking new york as an example, in 2008, new york formulated the Standards of Disciplinary and Intervention Measures in the City (hereinafter referred to as the Disciplinary Standards). The Discipline Standard contains a series of guidance and intervention measures that schools can use to deal with students' behaviors, and puts forward the measures that schools can take and the scope of guidance and intervention for 124 violations. When new students enter school, the education department and the school will distribute the disciplinary standards to students, employees and parents, and all members of the school community will know through various channels the behavioral standards that all students should abide by and the consequences if they fail to meet these standards. On the one hand, the "discipline standard" with legal majesty plays a guiding role in the behavior norms of students' peers, on the other hand, it really plays a role in restraining and deterring students who violate discipline. American moral education not only pays attention to the love, appreciation and encouragement of students, but also emphasizes guiding and restraining students with rules. I was deeply impressed by the orderly, enthusiastic and polite behavior of American students. Educational resources: Serving and developing American education is based on the concepts of "student-centered" and "the development of students' personality is the highest goal". Under the guidance of this concept, American primary and secondary schools try their best to develop educational resources, distribute them to students and serve them. When I visit various schools, I will be surprised by the narrowness of the offices and conference rooms for teachers and administrators. Many schools don't even have special meeting rooms. They receive us either in the library or in the restaurant. The office of each school principal is only 10 square meters, which is both an office and a reception room. This saves space, so as to increase classrooms and students' activity places. No matter how small the campus area is (for example, Long Island High School in new york is located in a building), we should try our best to provide students with sufficient and practical elective classrooms, science laboratories, dance classrooms, music classrooms, art classrooms and sports venues.
They will make full use of the existing resources of the school as much as possible. Many houses are multifunctional halls, not only classrooms, but also showrooms, laboratories and production rooms for students' works. Libraries, computer rooms, laboratories, sports fields and other places have high utilization rates and are completely open to students. The school does not let every space be idle, but also strives to "let every wall speak". Entering the interior of the teaching building, a dazzling array of students' works are displayed in the window bars of the corridor wall. The reception room and classroom walls of the school are plastered with students' works or related study materials, and even various pictures are hung on the ceiling. In new york Public 255 School, there are flowers, leaves, apples and other patterns on the classroom door, and each student's name is embedded. Students study in such a rich educational atmosphere, naturally, "peaches and plums don't say anything, and the next step is to find a way."
"Make full use of community education resources and establish a new education system." As stated in the American Education Strategy in 2000, "At the community level, we need all of us-principals, teachers, students, business, government officials, news media, medical and social service organizations, people and religious groups, law enforcement agencies, enthusiastic adults and charitable neighbors-to promote this plan and make it. Therefore, American schools also attach great importance to the development of community education resources, one is to extend the classroom to the community, and the other is to integrate the community into the school. Extend the classroom to the community. During our stay in the United States, we saw students visit the Metropolitan Museum, Immigration Museum, Natural History Museum, Zoo, Central Park, New York Public Library, American Air and Space Museum and Indian Museum. These facilities and places have become classrooms of the school. American schools attach importance to parents' educational resources, regard parents as school partners and integrate communities into schools. In the United States, parents of students can often be seen volunteering to serve the school: some help teachers to carry out teaching AIDS, some do volunteer sales in school stores, some raise funds for the school, some participate in student management, some provide books and teaching supplies for the school free of charge, and some help organize large-scale school activities ... In addition, the school's teaching resource library, computer room and training courses are also open to the society and parents.
Educational resources serve students and are developed as much as possible, which embodies the educational pursuit of American schools: everything is for the development of students. Exam and Evaluation: Practicality and Diversity Before I came to the United States, I thought that American students were easy to learn and had fewer exams. After in-depth study of American schools, it is found that there are numerous examination institutions in the United States, and the scale, frequency and level of students taking exams are even worse than those in China. In particular, middle school students usually have to take several large-scale exams besides quizzes and term exams given by teachers in class: federal exams, interstate exams, school district exams and entrance exams. What you teach and learn is what you test. The examination is not limited to the examination of simple memory knowledge, but pays more attention to the understanding of knowledge and the examination of creativity, imagination, logical thinking ability, problem analysis and practical problem solving ability. In addition, the content of the exam is also closely linked with reality and pays attention to life.
The evaluation criteria of American schools are diverse. Take the enrollment of American colleges and universities as an example. The usual scores of senior high school and SAT(ScholasticAssessmentTest) are very important, but they are by no means unique. They generally use the method of comprehensive evaluation to measure, select and enroll new students in many ways. Community activities, social practice activities, community services, moral quality, hobbies, personal strengths and abilities, as well as the evaluation of students and teachers, have all become important references for university admission. In short, they pay more attention to students' comprehensive quality and all-round development. The multiple test evaluation standards of American schools have played a positive role in guiding and promoting development.
Due to the differences in social system, economy and cultural background, there are differences in basic education between the United States and China. On the one hand, we should inherit and carry forward the fine traditions of education in our country, such as the educational concept of teaching without distinction, the educational concept of putting moral education first, the educational principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, the requirements of teaching and educating people, and the teaching method of persuading and thinking. On the other hand, we should reform and innovate and learn from foreign advanced educational ideas, contents and methods. Only in this way can our education really promote students' all-round development and personality development, cultivate innovative talents and shoulder the historical responsibility of national rejuvenation.