As of September 30th, 20021year, there were 90 normal colleges in China, including 36 normal colleges and 54 preschool normal colleges. In other words, before the revision of the Teachers Law is completed, these 36 non-preschool normal colleges failed to be upgraded to undergraduate courses, and a considerable number of normal students failed to become primary and secondary school teachers, and the survival of these colleges will also be challenged.
For a time, the exposure draft caused two diametrically opposite opinions on the Internet. Some people think that college education can no longer meet the requirements of primary and secondary school teachers. More people think that education is not equal to quality, and because of the different scores of college entrance examinations in different places, the specialty line in some places is higher than the undergraduate line in other places.
It is an inevitable trend to improve the threshold and ability of teachers. With the increase of teachers' income, more and more graduate students from famous schools are willing to become primary and secondary school teachers, and more and more comprehensive universities carry out teacher education. The teaching staff has improved, but does this move the cheese of traditional normal students? Undergraduate course has become the mainstream of normal education. After the National Conference on Education in 20 18, the revision of the Teacher Law was put on the agenda. 2 1 Century Business Herald learned that the relevant departments of the Ministry of Education have held several symposiums on the revision of the law, and solicited opinions on the draft revision of the law in June this year.
A person familiar with the revision of the law told 2 1 Century Business Herald that the revised draft involves many important aspects, such as strengthening the construction of teachers' morality, the right to education punishment, and how to apply the law to teachers in institutions such as off-campus training. But the core is to improve the protection of teachers' rights and clarify teachers' obligations.
Among them, teacher qualification and access are the basis of teacher management. In the current Teacher Law, the qualifications of kindergarten and primary school teachers require pre-school teachers, secondary teachers and above, and junior high school teachers require junior college and above.
This is related to the teacher training system in China. The Teacher Law was promulgated in 1993. Prior to this, for a long time, the training of primary and secondary school teachers in China was the responsibility of closed independent normal colleges, which were specifically divided into "three-level teachers" in higher normal colleges, higher normal colleges and secondary normal schools.
Soon secondary normal schools gradually declined. 1999 "several opinions on the adjustment of the layout structure of normal universities" puts forward "the transition from the third-level normal school to the second-level normal school (undergraduate and junior college)"
"Teachers who graduated from normal universities in the past are now the backbone of local education bureaus and schools, and will retire as a whole in the next few years, and the quality of the teaching staff will face new challenges." Yang Dongping, member of the National Education Advisory Committee and chairman of the 2 1 Century Education Research Institute, said. After these people retire, teachers in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in China will realize a "big change of blood", and basically all of them have received higher education. The exposure draft is actually a response to this trend.
According to the data of the Ministry of Education, in 2020, among the more than 6.434 million full-time primary school teachers in China, 4144,000 graduated from undergraduate courses, accounting for 64.4%, 2.052 million graduated from junior college, accounting for 3 1.9%, and only135,000 graduated from high school, accounting for 2/. Of the 386 1000 full-time junior high school teachers in China, 3.266 million graduated from undergraduate courses, accounting for 84.6%.
Undergraduate course has also become the main level of normal education in China. Taking Hunan Province as an example, there are 17 universities offering teachers' majors, including 14 undergraduate universities and only 3 normal universities.
In 14 undergraduate universities, there are 4 normal universities with more than 40,000 normal students, accounting for about half of the total undergraduate normal students in the province. Interestingly, the four normal universities have a clear division of labor. Hunan Normal University mainly trains high school teachers, Hengyang Normal University mainly trains junior high school teachers, Hunan First Normal University mainly trains primary school teachers, and Changsha Normal University mainly trains kindergarten teachers.
Although there are fewer normal students in other undergraduate colleges, their names have nothing to do with normal education, but they are related to normal education, and some of them are merged from normal colleges. For example, Hunan University of Science and Technology originated from Xiangtan Teachers College, Hunan College of Humanities and Science originated from Loudi Teachers College, and Hunan Institute of Science and Technology originated from Yueyang Teachers College.
However, the threshold of primary and secondary school teachers' education should be raised from normal to undergraduate, and the junior college students in the middle are a little embarrassed. According to 2 1 century business report, as of September 30th, 20021year, there were 90 normal colleges in China, including 54 preschool normal schools. According to the exposure draft, higher preschool teachers' college education can still obtain kindergarten teacher qualification.
However, in the remaining 36 normal universities, there are quite a few normal students majoring in primary education, and their fate is directly related to the revision of the Teachers Law. Some teachers' colleges are newly built, such as Huaihua Teachers' College, which was approved by the Hunan Provincial Government in June 20 18 and put on record by the Ministry of Education in May 20 19.
Due to the good employment situation of teachers, the enrollment of these normal universities is also very good. Since 20 14, the enrollment of three-year general college entrance examination in Datong Normal University has been the first choice, which is about 100 points beyond the college admission line. 202 1, Jiaozuo Teachers' College enrolled new students in primary education of local normal students at public expense 1000, of whom 865 students passed the undergraduate line.
"As a normal college student, many of my classmates scored more than 500 points in the college entrance examination. I can't look at people with old eyes." A normal school student said.
Taking Jiaozuo Teachers College as an example, the average score of science among the freshmen enrolled in 202 1 higher vocational colleges is 404.3, which exceeds the undergraduate score of Henan Province. The average score of liberal arts is 459.8, which exceeds the undergraduate score of Hebei Province, where students are enrolled. These normal universities are still sending a large number of rural teachers through special enrollment mechanisms. This mechanism is the five-year consistent system, and the enrollment target is junior high school graduates. After five years of study, they can get a university degree.
"Hunan, Guangxi and other places adopt this model, select junior high school graduates to study for free, and then return to the countryside as rural teachers for about 5 years after obtaining college or undergraduate education. This method has greatly improved the quality of rural teachers and is considered to be of universal significance. It is actually an upgraded version of the' normal school model', because the past secondary school education is not enough now, and now it is training teachers with junior college and undergraduate education. " Yang Dongping said.
In junior high schools in Hunan, normal college students adopt the five-year model, while normal college students adopt the "two-four-stage" training model.
After the education threshold of primary and secondary school teachers is raised to undergraduate level, it will be the first choice for normal college students to take the college entrance examination. The graduation rate of 2020 graduates of Datong Normal University has reached 5 1.2%. For schools, the focus of running schools should be shifted to preschool education, and efforts should be made to expand undergraduate joint majors.
The chain reaction of education improvement Before the educational threshold of primary and secondary school teachers was raised, the recruitment threshold of teachers in some places was raised first.
65438129 October, in reply to the letter of concern from Shenzhen Stock Exchange, Zhonggong Education stated that according to the company's statistics, there were 390,000 registered teachers in June 5438+1September 2020, and in June 265438+1September 3 1.
The reason for the decline is that in 2020, the recruitment conditions for teachers are relatively broad. Compared with the need for teacher qualification certificates, teachers have college education or above, and there are no strict restrictions on related majors, so they can apply for non-normal majors. 202 1 The application conditions are strict, and it is usually required to obtain a teacher qualification certificate, and the academic qualifications require upgrading undergraduate and graduate degrees.
According to the reply, due to the decrease in the number of recruits and the increase in the registration requirements, the number of teachers recruited dropped from 3.87 million in June 2020 to 2.45 million in June 2002/kloc-0, a decrease of 36.69%.
"Even in some places, the category of teacher qualification certificate is required to match the recruitment position. For example, teachers who apply for junior high schools can no longer hold primary school teacher qualification certificates, which blocks many people, because the primary school teacher qualification examination is relatively easy. In the past, many people only took primary school teaching. " A person from the teacher recruitment and training industry told 2 1 Century Business Herald.
"But on the other hand, the conditions for teacher recruitment have become more stringent, which has promoted the fiery registration of the teacher qualification examination. This year's outbreak is particularly large, and there are many people who take the training. " He said.
20021In the second half of the year, most provinces in China held primary and secondary school teachers' qualification examination (written examination). The number of applicants in many places has reached a record high. It is reported that the number of candidates in Wuhan reaches 128900.
There is even a teacher's "research talent". A student told reporters that after taking the junior high school art teacher qualification certificate, she signed up for a training institution and prepared the teacher examination and kindergarten teacher qualification certificate. "The teacher exam is for future employment and I hope to have a stable teacher job. There is no utilitarian purpose in applying for the kindergarten teacher qualification certificate, but for a scientific and systematic parenting method. " She said.