The classification of birds and animals is a key link in Vertebrate subfamily.

The main feature of birds is that their bodies are streamlined and most of them can fly. The surface is covered with feathers, and the forelimbs become general wings (and some types of wings degenerate); Developed chest muscles, short rectum, large appetite, fast digestion, digestive system, help to lose weight, which will be beneficial to the number of flying hearts with two atria and two ventricles. The body temperature is constant. Breathing In addition to lung cancer, balloons protruding from the lung wall are used to help the lungs breathe twice. The hollow bones of birds that lay eggs at high temperature and whose sternum develops at 42℃ are swollen, which is the skeleton structure of living birds to adapt to flight characteristics.

Birds are bipeds, warm-blooded animals, an oviparous vertebrate with feathers. Birds have normal feathers (mainly used for flying) and feathers (mainly used for heat preservation). The forelimbs evolved into hard beaks with wings (beaked birds). The size of birds, hummingbirds, giant ostriches and emus (large birds not native to Australia).

There are many kinds of birds, which are globally distributed and ecologically diverse. Birds can be divided into three heads. The head of a flat-breasted bird includes a flightless bird, such as an ostrich. Penguin heads include first-class swimmers and flightless diving birds, such as penguins. Suddenly chest tightness, big head, including two wings, flightless birds, the vast majority of birds, belong to the supervisor.

Most birds can fly, and a few flat-breasted birds can't fly, especially the birds living on the island, which have basically lost their ability to fly. Birds that can't fly include penguins, ostriches, kiwis (kiwis in New Zealand) and extinct dodos. When humans or other mammals invade their habitats, these birds are more likely to become extinct if they can't fly, such as seabirds and New Zealand's fear birds.

There are many kinds of birds known in the world, second only to fish among vertebrates, with 9,000 kinds of light records 1300 people, many of which are endemic to China (see the list of endemic birds). About 120 to 130 species of birds have become extinct. Compared with other terrestrial vertebrates, birds have many unique physiological characteristics. These birds are obviously different in size, shape, color and living habits. Among so many birds, the ostrich with the largest number is a "big MAC" bird. African ostrich is 2.75 meters tall and weighs 165.5 kg. The smallest hummingbird in South America is only 50 mm long and weighs as much as a coin. Birds can fly, but not all birds can fly. For example, the ostrich's wings have degenerated, and its sternum is flat without keel, so it can't fly. Penguins are the wings of professional seabirds, which become flippers and lose the ability to fly. Some birds can't fly very far, such as poultry. They have short wings and can't fly, but at least you can fly dozens of meters away. Domestic ducks have completely lost the ability to fly. Birds, the largest number of carvings, fly more than 9000 meters. The fastest flight is the goshawk, and the fastest speed of short-distance flight can reach 600 kilometers. The tern with the farthest flight distance flies to the distant North Pole, about 1.76 thousand kilometers, starting from the South Pole. Birds have strong metabolism and digestion, so they eat big ones. For example, a hummingbird's nectar is twice its weight. Some birds eat 10% to 30% of their body weight in a day. Most birds are omnivorous and will not choose. Every spring and autumn, flocks of birds fly in the sky, changing their habitat areas in different seasons, or moving from nests to wintering areas, or nesting in wintering areas, which is called homing to cover the sky in bird migration. Every spring, birds begin a series of courtship, reproduction, nesting, hatching and brooding activities.

Birds eat all kinds of food, including nectar, seeds, insects, fish, carrion or other birds. The daily activities of most birds, some birds (such as owls) move at night or at night. Many birds migrate long distances to find the best habitat (such as Arctic terns), and some birds spend time at sea (such as albatrosses). A bird with a long, narrow conical mouth and a toothless mouth feeds in the soil.

Birds (4 14 BC) is also one of aristophanes's representative works, and it is also the only comedy with mythical and fantastic themes at present. Play between the paradise of two Athenians and a flock of birds and the cloud country of the earth. This country is an ideal society. Whether the rich and the poor exploit workers is the only way to survive. This comedy satirizes the parasitic life in Athens, which is the first time in the history of European literature to describe an ideal social project. In terms of art, Birds is undoubtedly aristophanes's best work. Its story is colorful, and the choir coming out of the forest and the birds in the air are playing eclectically. Play a strange and lyrical atmosphere. The most complete comedy in aristophanes's drama structure.

In nature, birds are the most beautiful sounds formed by all vertebrates, and many people like them. To the roof of the world, from the polar ice and snow, from the rough sea, from the barren desert, dense jungle, densely populated cities, almost all birds are found. This bird is a higher vertebrate adapted to flying in the air and a progressive reptile.

Many birds will show a "V" shape during migration. Because it is far from bird migration, it consumes a lot of energy, especially the "V" formation helps birds to save energy in long-distance travel. Birds will have "slipstream" during flight, and the "gathering" of birds will reduce physical consumption. If the birds are tired, the birds behind them will make up for it automatically, so few birds are extremely weak and fall behind during the migration.

Most birds in the world

The fastest bird: ostrich, with an average speed of 72 kilometers per hour.

Fastest bird: Papua penguin, with an average speed of 27.4 kilometers per hour.

The smallest bird and the smallest egg: Many people know that hummingbirds are the smallest birds in the world. In fact, this statement is not very accurate. There are about 365,438+05 species of hummingbirds in the world, which are distributed from Alaska in North America to strait of magellan in South America and many islands in the process. Of course, their size difference is as high as 2 1.5 cm, making them the smallest birds in the world. Wheat, a kind of grain produced in Africa, is only 5.6 cm long, and about half of its mouth and tail weigh only 2 grams. It is almost the same size as bees and other insects. It is the smallest bird in the world, and its eggs are also the smallest bird eggs in the world, far exceeding the full stop. Most hummingbirds have bright feathers with metallic luster. Their superb flying skills, you can fly backwards quickly, and the vibration frequency of wings for vertical take-off and landing can reach 50 per second? 70 times, so it is called "bird", "comet", "forest goddess" and "corolla". In recent years, many places in China claimed to have found hummingbirds, but all of them were misinformed.

Bird: The largest living bird in the world is the African ostrich in Africa and Arabia. It is 2 to 3 meters high, weighs about 56 kilograms and weighs as much as 75 kilograms. But it can't fly. Eggs weigh about 1.5 kg, and the total weight of 17.8 cm is 30 to 40, which is about equal to the largest bird eggs at present.

Bird with the widest wingspan: wandering albatross, 3.63 meters.

The largest bird: Cory bird lives in southeast Africa, with a wing length of 2.56 meters and a weight of 18 kg, making it the largest bird in the world.

The heaviest bird, bustard, weighs 18kg.

The smallest raptor: Borneo Falcon, with a body length of 150 cm and a weight of 35 grams.

Birds with feathers: swans, more than 25,000.

At least hummingbirds, bird feathers: less than 1000. bird

Longest Feather ":Paradise Li Juan, twice the length of its tail.

Longest-lived bird: Many long-lived birds, such as large seabird albatross, have an average life span of 50 to 60 years, and large parrots can live to about 100 years. In Liverpool and England, an Amazon parrot named Jamie was born on1February 3, 870, and died on 19751October 5, at the age of 104, so it should be called "longevity bird".

The longest-lived seabird: albatross, over 60 years old.

The longest-lived caged bird: cockatoo, 80 years old.

Fastest bird: The normal flying speed of a sharp-tailed swift is 170km/h, and the fastest time is as long as 352.5km/h, so it is called the fastest bird.

The fastest bird in the sprint: peregrine falcon dives to catch prey at a speed of up to 180 km per hour.

The slowest bird: Woodcock, 8 kilometers per hour.

The bird with the highest wing frequency: horned hummingbird, 90 times/second.

The slowest winged bird: the eagle glides for hours without flapping its wings.

The longest flying time of birds: golden pheasant, flying for 35 hours at a speed of 90 kilometers per hour, across the ocean? More than 2000 kilometers. one

Birds: Swan and alpine vulture are the highest flying birds. They can fly over Mount Everest, the roof of the world, flying over 9000 meters, or they may meet a steep ice cliff and die.

Farthest bird: Arctic terns fly farthest. This is a bird of medium size. This is a daily habit. When night falls in Antarctica, they will fly to the far north pole, which is the opposite of the north and south poles of day and night. The North Pole is just a so-called "sunbird". Sunshine. Every year in June and August 1 day, the flight route of "giving birth to children" and "children" moving south runs through the earth, and the flight route to the nearby South Pole in June 65438+February has been shelved until the beginning of March of the following year. Arctic terns fly more than 40 thousand kilometers between the poles every year. It will always live in the sun that never sets. It is also called "the bird of the sky".

The fiercest bird: the vulture living in the Andes of South America, with a length of 1.2 meters, spreads its wings to 3 meters between cliffs. It has a powerful beak and sharp claws, and eats live animals, not only small and medium-sized animals such as deer, sheep and rabbits, but also large mammals such as pumas, so it is called "the lion eats birds" and is called "the king of birds".

The longest bird tail and long-tailed chicken were artificially bred in Japan. The length of the tail is amazing, usually reaching 6-7 meters. The longest record of a variety is 1974, 12.5 meters. If you let it stand on a four-story balcony, its tail feather may have been dragged to the ground, so it is still the longest bird feather in the world. about

The largest bird, Great Bustard, has a difference in weight between male and female birds between northern Eurasia. The weight difference between male and female birds is 1 1 ~ 12kg, while the hen is only 5? Six kilograms.

The bird with the longest peak mouth: Toucans live in South America, and the bird with the longest peak mouth is very strange.

Longest mouth: Australian pelican, 47 cm long. The largest beaked whale, 12 cm wide.

School, and then to Bird: african grey parrot, learn more than 800 words.

What birds are good at is that they sound impressive: wetland reed warbler, imitating 60 kinds of birds. about

Complex Bird's Nest: The Weaver Girl's Nest in Africa is also the largest public bird's nest, with more than 300 nests.

The largest bird's nest: vulture's nest, 6 meters long and 2.9 meters wide.

Nest: sucking bees and birds, the size of thimble. avian

At least one egg: albatross, at least one bird that lays eggs. BR/>； Nest-sized birds: grey partridge (chicken), one nest 15 days to 19 days.

Birds with the longest incubation period: Albatrosses also have the longest incubation period, which usually takes 75 to 82 days.

The newest mature albatross chicks also have the longest sexual maturation process, ranging from 9 years old to 12 years old.

The largest bird egg fossil:1Before the middle of the 7th century, Madagascar, an island living in the south, was an elephant bird, and now it is extinct. This bird-like egg fossil has a diameter of 35.6 cm, which is equivalent to 148 eggs. This is by far the largest bird egg fossil found in the world.

The largest bird fossil: the largest bird fossil, the dinosaur fossil, estimated to be 5 meters high, originated from the birds that originally lived in Madagascar and became extinct in the 7th century.

The study of the origin of birds is mainly at a certain stage.

1868, Huxley put forward the hypothesis that birds originated from dinosaurs. Huxley, a famous British biologist, is a staunch supporter of Darwin's theory of evolution. At the same time, he was also the first scholar to put forward the theory that birds originated from dinosaurs.

1927, Danish paleontologist Hailmann put forward a very classic point in his book 1927, "The origin of birds is very similar to that of dinosaurs, but dinosaurs are already very professional ancestors, so birds may not have originated directly from dinosaurs, but dinosaurs have teeth." The so-called serrata, which means more primitive dinosaur fossils, is considered to be a modern large vertebrate group such as dinosaurs, birds and crocodiles, and its appearance time may be slightly earlier than Triassic before Jurassic and Cretaceous. This theory, improvement, prevailed for nearly half a century.

1973 to 1985, the origin and resurrection of dinosaurs. Scholars study vertebrate fossils, find proof documents of pterosaur fossils, input feathers, and then find another archaeopteryx fossil. This accidental discovery revealed the relationship between birds and dinosaurs. Even now, 1986, the theory of dinosaur origin is becoming more and more popular, and more and more fossil evidence supports this hypothesis.

The loong Bird Rehabilitation Program saves real hairy dinosaurs, such as loong birds, from China dinosaurs with hairy bodies. The fossils found have caused a great sensation in the field of international paleontology and are considered as the latest evidence of the most important theory of the origin of birds and dinosaurs. Some scholars even suggested that under the condition that dinosaurs were not extinct, we could see that the existing birds were dinosaurs, and hummingbirds living in South America would naturally become the smallest dinosaurs.

The origin of birds is a complicated problem, and when more evidence is found, it may be interpreted in other ways (it is generally believed that the Chinese dragon bird is the ancestor of the earliest birds in China).

[Edit this paragraph] Complications in birds and people

Birds are diseases that can be transmitted to humans, including psittacosis, salmonella, campylobacter, Newcastle disease, mycobacterial disease (avian tuberculosis), avian influenza, Giardia and cryptosporidiosis. bird

1, Ling Boxian-Stray Birds

This bird is good at flying, diving and water in fish food, but it is clumsy to walk. There are more than 70 species of migratory birds, most of which are winter migratory birds. Deep Honghu Lake, Longgan Lake, Wuhu Lake and Jianghan Lake Group are part of the famous "Honghu Wild Duck and Wild Goose".

2, the god of wetlands-wading birds

Wetlands are the most fertile natural environment on earth. Aquatic insects, mollusks, crustaceans, fish, shrimp, frogs and other animals and plants are rich in food, and these aquatic plants provide a good hiding place for wading. Most wading birds have long mouths, long necks and long legs. Aquatic ecological environment is more suitable for wading birds to earn interest. In the past few years, the number and distribution of wading birds have increased greatly. Common egret birds.

3. Air Eagle-Raptor

Raptors have powerful wings, sharp curved mouths and claws, and keen eyes, and can lift their prey quickly, quietly, freely and accurately. Raptor 5 1 species, the famous golden eagle, white-tailed sea eagle and kestrel.

4, climbing champion-climbing poultry

Rock climbing skills are well deserved. Birds with strong toes and tight tails can be firmly attached to tree trunks. Reptiles are beneficial birds that eat insects, such as woodpeckers, cuckoos and nighthawks.

Walkers-land birds

Powerful land bird legs, fresh dug, strong, hard-mouthed, short and round wings, hard claws, suitable for digging and flying away. There is a significant difference between male and female feathers, and males are generally brighter. In the breeding season, there are often more men than women, and the competition is fierce, and even there will be behaviors between men and complicated courtship performances. Such as white-crowned long-tailed pheasant, red-bellied golden pheasant, white-necked long-tailed pheasant and so on. Land birds are divided into quail chickens and pigeons.

6. uncrowned king-sparrow

Songbird is a vibrant and colorful bird kingdom. There are the most kinds of songbirds, most of which are natural enemies of insects, especially the famous grey magpie, magpie and oriole. Bright songbirds are light, feathered, singing melodies and multi-perspectives.

Early entrants can also be used as "novices".

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There are about 9000 species of birds living in China in the world, belonging to 156 families. Our 8 1 subject (5 1.9%) and186 account for the total number of birds in the world-India, even surpassing many bird countries and 13% in Europe and North America, making it one of the most widely distributed countries in the world. World Pheasant (Pheasant) About15 There are 56 wild species of cranes in the world, of which 8 species account for 53% of the world's thrush and 34 species account for 74% of the world's total.

There are not only kinds of birds in China, but also many precious special types. Love birds, brown pheasant, red-bellied pheasant, blue-bellied pheasant in Taiwan Province Province, long-tailed pheasant in Central China, white-necked pheasant in Southeast China, yellow-bellied pheasant and green-tailed rainbow in Southwest China. There are many birds, which are not our specialties, but mainly produced in China, such as red-crowned cranes and black-necked cranes.

northeast

Production of loons, grouse, rotating birds, rock wrens, wrens, peace birds, grouse of various economic values. Partridges and pheasants are very prosperous, and they are also the habitat of many migratory birds.

Second, northern China.

Brown pheasant, pheasant and partridge are produced. Flat-billed puffins breed in the eastern coastal areas. There are also species widely distributed in ancient North China, such as rock snipe, twirling bird, wren, mountain crow, cross toucan and so on. Many southern birds build nests and brood in summer, such as water pheasant, mountain pepper bird, curly tail, oriole and embroidered bird.

Meng Xin district.

Birds produced in this area adapt to the life in the desert, and great bustard, hairy-legged pheasant, bailingsha, Shapeng and Sha Ou inch red-crowned crane have been cultivated in the eastern part of the swamp.

4. Qinghai-Tibet region

In this respect, we produce snow chickens, snow quails, plateau partridges, Tibetan alpine birds, vultures, sand chickens, Tibetan hairy sand larks, snow finches and other plateau grassland species. As a special adaptation phenomenon, snow finch pika cave habitat and Mongolian sand shed squirrel, bird and mouse are in the same cave.

southwestward

There are many special types of thrush and pheasant in this area. There are many northern birds entering the area along the Hengduan Mountains, such as hawksbill, rotorcraft, swallow and long-tailed bird. Southern birds found in this area, such as Chinese Pulsatilla, Sunbird and Woodpecker.

Intransitive Verb Central Committee of China

The species in this area are in the north, such as grey magpie, white-headed stork and mountain-climbing bird. There should be more species in the south, such as woodpecker, mountain pepper bird, thrush, woodpecker and many genera and species of flowers. Professional species: golden pheasant, golden pheasant with red belly, golden pheasant with yellow belly, kestrel and white-necked pheasant.

7 south zones

Birds are very rich in this respect. In addition to many famous scientific and central regions, parrots, grasshoppers, hornbills, cuckoos, broadbilled birds, colorful birds, peaceful birds and most kinds of sunbirds. In addition, other departments of species, such as pheasants, green peacocks, sew Ye Ying. Taiwan Province Province has produced some endemic species, such as bluebird and chrysanthemum. Breeding of boobies in Xisha Islands.

[Edit this paragraph] Does the bird sleep or not?

Of course, some birds don't sleep, just sleep, and some birds sleep together or stand on one foot. Even more surprising is that people seem to hypnotize birds. You mean it sleeps. As long as the cage is used as a blanket for the superstructure and the environment is created at night, the birds will soon fall asleep. The most interesting thing is that you can sleep in this rapid flight. However, seabirds and wading birds sleep not according to the rising and regularity of the sun, but according to the rhythm of the tides.

[Edit this paragraph] Why do birds fly?

The bird's body is light and warm feathers, which not only keep warm, but also streamline with the bird's shape, which is conducive to flying and flying. The two wings constantly beat the soybean up and down, and the dynamic airflow produces great pressure and low resistance, which makes the bird fly forward quickly.

Secondly, the bones of birds are thin and light, hollow and full of air. From the anatomy of the bird's skeleton, it can be seen that the bird's skull is a complete bone, and the bones and vertebrae of the body heal with each other, and the hooks are connected with each other, forming a powerful unique structure of the chest bird's bone, reducing the weight and strengthening the support for flight ability.

The pectoral muscles of birds are very developed, and they have a unique set of breathing and flying life adaptation to birds' lungs, which are solid tissues and sponges. They also flew with nine thin-walled balloons. Part of carbon and oxygen are directly exchanged in the lungs, and the other part is stored in gas and then discharged from the lungs. Birds can exchange gas twice by inhaling once in flight, which ensures that the unique "two-bird breathing" of birds has sufficient oxygen during flight.

In addition, I think that the functional structure of the bird's body, bones, digestion, excretion and reproductive organs often lose weight and improve its flying ability. Therefore, this bird can fly against the attraction of the earth.

Flying stunts of winged birds. With wings under the same conditions, some birds can fly very high, fast and far; Some birds just hover, glide or can't fly at all. This shows that only wings have a lot of knowledge.

The complexity of a bird's wing structure must be no less than that of the bird itself. The feather structure of winged birds skillfully uses aerodynamic principles. When their wings accelerate and move down, or move up and down, the pressure pushes the air to fly. Feather structure is reasonable, which can effectively reduce the air resistance encountered in flight, and some can also play the role of eliminating tremor and noise. There are considerable differences in the wings of different kinds of birds, and the differences in wings alone have created many excellent general "pilots".

Some national second-class protected animals, male, weigh more than 14 kg, have a body length of 120 cm, a body length of 240cm and a wingspan of 240 cm.

Suppose, for example, a frigate bird with a wingspan of 2.3 meters is a protected species, and usually flies offshore at the coastal 160 km.

Before reading the content, some people may ask, the only flying wing? No, birds release blue sky and special bones. Bird bone is a good lightweight material, hollow and light. According to analysis, bird bones only account for 5% of the bird's weight? 6%; Human skeleton accounts for 18% of body weight. The bones are light, the wings are easy to open, and the bird's body and lungs have many connections, which is very beneficial to lose weight and increase buoyancy.

These advantages undoubtedly endow birds with flying skills and enable them to display their talents in another living space. However, I think there may be other reasons why birds can fly into the blue sky, but as human beings, they have not been discovered so far.

Knowing the ability of birds, we can see that exploring the ability of birds will help human beings and BHP Billiton to open up new fields.