Primary prevention: prevent the occurrence of birth defects. Including premarital examination, genetic counseling, choosing the best childbearing age, and health care during pregnancy (including reasonable nutrition, prevention of infection, careful medication, quitting smoking and drinking, avoiding contact with radiation and toxic and harmful substances, avoiding contact with high temperature environment, etc. ). Through eugenic science education and technical intervention (including folic acid supplementation, taking Sian, Fu Shifu soft capsule, lactic acid test in peripheral blood, TORCH test, vaccination, etc. ).

Secondary prevention: reduce the birth of children with birth defects. Early detection, early diagnosis and early measures are achieved mainly through prenatal screening, amniotic fluid chromosome detection and physical examination and diagnosis of high-risk groups during pregnancy.

Tertiary prevention: targeted treatment or referral for infants with birth defects.