From the characteristics of production safety accidents in China at present, it can be seen that major personal casualty accidents are mainly concentrated in labor-intensive production and business units, such as coal mines, non-coal mines, road traffic, fireworks and firecrackers, and construction. Judging from the employment situation of these production and business units, most of their employees are migrant workers, mainly in the form of not signing labor contracts or signing short-term labor contracts. Most employees have a low education level and are developing in a rolling way, which also affects some production and business units' reluctance to increase investment in safety education and training. The situation of safety education and training is more serious, which leads to employees' unclear understanding of the hazards of illegal operations (or simply not knowing that their actions are illegal) and unclear understanding of dangerous and harmful factors in the working environment.
Therefore, strengthening the safety education and training for employees, improving the ability of employees to identify, control and handle emergencies and to save themselves and avoid risks, and improving the safety awareness and comprehensive quality of employees are important ways to prevent unsafe behaviors and reduce human errors. Article 20 of the Law on Safety in Production stipulates that the principal responsible persons and safety management personnel of a production and business operation entity must have safety knowledge and management ability suitable for the production and business operation activities of the entity. The main person in charge and safety production management personnel of the production, management and storage units of dangerous goods, as well as mining and construction units, shall be qualified by the relevant competent departments for their safety production knowledge and management ability before taking up their posts. ? Article 21 stipulates that production and business operation entities shall educate and train employees in safety production, so as to ensure that employees have the necessary knowledge of safety production, be familiar with relevant rules and regulations on safety production and safety operation procedures, and master the safety operation skills of their posts. Employees who have not passed the safety education and training are not allowed to take up their posts. ? Article 22 stipulates that when adopting new technologies, new processes, new materials or new equipment, production and business units must understand and master their safety technical characteristics, take effective safety protection measures, and conduct special safety education and training for employees. ? Article 23 stipulates that special operators of production and business units must receive special safety operation training in accordance with relevant state regulations and obtain special operation qualification certificates before taking up their posts? The scope of special operations personnel shall be determined by the safety production supervision and management department of the State Council in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council. ? Article 36 stipulates that: production and business operation entities shall educate and urge employees to strictly implement their own safety production rules and regulations and safety operation procedures; And truthfully inform employees of the risk factors, preventive measures and accident emergency measures existing in workplaces and jobs. ? Article 50 stipulates that employees should receive education and training in production safety, master the knowledge of production safety required by their own work, improve their skills in production safety, and enhance their ability in accident prevention and emergency handling. ?
In order to ensure that the requirements of "Safety Production Law" on safety production education and training are effectively implemented, the former state administration of work safety (State Administration of Coal Mine Safety) has successively issued a series of policies and regulations. For example, the Assessment Opinions on Safety Production Training of Principal Responsible Persons, Safety Production Managers and Other Employees of Production and Business Units (No.2002123), Assessment Opinions on Safety Technical Training of Special Operators (No.2002124) and Measures for the Administration of Safety Production Training (Order of the State Administration of Work Safety 2000) The State Administration of Work Safety issued the Provisions on Safety Training of Production and Business Units (Order No.3 of the State Administration of Work Safety), which made specific provisions on the safety training content, training time, assessment and qualification management of safety training institutions.
In order to ensure the implementation of the national policies, regulations and requirements on safety education and training for employees in production and business units, we must first strengthen the legal education on safety production for the leaders of production and business units and strengthen the safety awareness of the leaders of production and business units. The safety production supervision and management departments of governments at all levels and relevant departments responsible for safety production supervision and management shall implement comprehensive supervision in combination with the employment form, safety education and training investment, safety education and training content, methods and time, and safety education and training effect verification of production and business units.
Two, the organization of production safety education and training
The Provisions on Safety Training of Production and Business Units has made specific and clear provisions on the personnel, methods and contents of training, so as to implement the requirements of the Law on Safety in Production. Among them,
The State Administration of Work Safety shall organize, guide and supervise the safety training of the principal responsible persons and safety production management personnel of the production and business operation units (group companies and general factories) managed by the central government.
The State Administration of Coal Mine Safety shall organize, guide and supervise the safety training of the main persons in charge and safety production management personnel of the coal mine enterprise group company (head office) managed by the central government.
The provincial safety production supervision and management department shall organize, guide and supervise the training of the main persons in charge and safety production management personnel of provincial production and business units and branches and subsidiaries of centrally managed industrial, mining and commercial production and business units within its jurisdiction, and organize, guide and supervise the training of special operations personnel.
Provincial coal mine safety supervision institutions shall organize, guide and supervise the safety training of the main persons in charge, safety production management personnel and special operators (including operators of special equipment for coal mines) of coal mining enterprises within their jurisdiction.
City and county safety production supervision and management departments shall organize, guide and supervise the safety training of the main persons in charge and safety production management personnel of other production and business operation entities except central enterprises and provincial production and business operation entities within their respective administrative areas.
Safety training for employees other than the principal responsible persons, safety production management personnel and special operations personnel of production and business operation entities shall be organized and implemented by production and business operation entities.