Qian Xuesen was born in Shanghai on 19 1 1. He studied in Beijing Normal University and the middle school affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University in his early years. 1935 was admitted to boxer indemnity to study abroad at public expense. First I studied at MIT, and then I went to California Institute of Technology for further study. He studied under the famous physicist von Carmen, who was one of the founders of American space science. Three years later, he received a doctorate and stayed in school to teach. During this period, under the influence of von Carmen, he became interested in rocket technology and participated in the rocket research group of Guggenheim Laboratory of California Institute of Technology. This laboratory later became the cradle of American rocket technology, and Qian Xuesen was one of the first three members to study rocket technology in this cradle. Qian Xuesen is a favorite pupil of Professor Von Carmen. Under the guidance of Carmen, Qian Xuesen wrote his doctoral thesis "High Speed Aerodynamics". From 65438 to 0943, after careful selection, the US military entrusted Qian Xuesen to cooperate with Marina to study the important military issue of using rocket engines to propel missiles. At the end of World War II, the US Air Force highly praised Qian Xuesen's "great contribution" and "priceless contribution" to the victory of the war. Milton Viorst, an American columnist, believes that Qian Xuesen has always been "a key figure in making a long-term plan to transform the US Air Force from a propeller plane into a jet plane and eventually into an unmanned spacecraft traveling in space" and "a brilliant star in the galaxy of scientists who helped the United States become a world-class military power". From 65438 to 0947, Qian Xuesen became the youngest tenured professor of California Institute of Technology under the recommendation of von Carmen. 1949 Since the second half of the year, he has been the director of the Guggenheim Jet Propulsion Research Center, leading the research and teaching of graduate students. At that time, Qian Xuesen, who was only 37 years old, was recognized as the authority of mechanics and applied mathematics in the world and one of the pioneers of fluid mechanics research. He is an outstanding aerodynamist, a pioneer of modern aviation science and rocket technology, and the founder of engineering cybernetics. From 1935 to 1955, Qian Xuesen spent 20 years in the United States. During these 20 years, he has made brilliant academic achievements and enjoyed generous treatment in life. However, he is always attached to the motherland where he was born and raised. In his letter to his father, he lamented more than once, "When will the tourism career end?" . He told his father that he dreamed of Shanghai more than once and dreamed of the house that accompanied him through his childhood. 1 949 65438+1October1,the new China was born. Qian Xuesen was very excited. On the Mid-Autumn Festival that year (the sixth day of the birth of New China), Qian Xuesen and his wife had a strong idea: to return to the motherland and contribute their wisdom and strength to the new motherland. 1950 In July, Qian Xuesen, who had made up his mind to return to the motherland, met with the Deputy Secretary of the US Navy in charge of his research work and told him that he was ready to leave for home immediately. This time I will be shocked when I grow up. He believes: "Qian Xuesen is worth five divisions no matter where he is." He once said, "I would rather shoot him than let him go back to China." 1In August, 950, Qian Xuesen bought a plane ticket and prepared to leave the United States on the plane of Canada Pacific Company. In mid-September, he resigned as director of the Supersonic Laboratory of California Institute of Technology in Los Angeles and head of the Guggenheim Jet Propulsion Research Center. At the same time, he also packaged many scientific books and research work notes and handed them over to American handling companies for shipment back to China. Just then, he suddenly received a notice from the US Immigration Service. Immigration refused to let him leave the United States and threatened to be sentenced and fined! He also searched and confiscated all his scientific books and notebooks, accusing him of trying to transport confidential scientific documents back to China. At that time, China and the United States were at war on the Korean battlefield. Fascist McCarthyism is prevailing in America. Qian Xuesen's determination to return to China angered the American authorities. 1On September 9, 950, Qian Xuesen was suddenly illegally arrested by the FBI and sent to the detention center in Termina Island 15 days. After 15 days of torture, he lost 30 Jin. Many teachers and students of California Institute of Technology and Professor Von Carmen, who was far away in Europe at that time, immediately protested strongly to the US Immigration Service and raised bail of $65,438+$5,000 before Qian Xuesen was rescued from the detention center in Temina Island. However, things are not over. The US Immigration Bureau illegally restricted Qian Xuesen's freedom, requiring him to report to the Immigration Bureau once a month and not allowing him to leave his Los Angeles. FBI agents have been watching him, often breaking into his research room and making trouble at home. His letters and phone calls were also checked. In order to reduce the troubles of friends, Qian Xuesen was isolated for five years. However, this disguised life under house arrest did not kill the will of Qian Xuesen and his wife to return to the motherland. His wife Jiang Ying recalled: "In those years, we always set up three light boxes and prepared to fly home at any time every day." For the convenience of returning to China, they only signed a one-year contract for the house they rented. They moved five times in five years. At that time, his seven-year-old boy and five-year-old girl knew that their grandparents were thinking of them in China, a place far from the United States. 1in June, 955, Qian Xuesen, who was tortured, wrote a letter to the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) in order to return to the motherland as soon as possible, and sent a cry for help to the motherland. Premier Zhou Enlai attached great importance to this and immediately instructed him to forward this letter to Wang Bingnan, China's ambassador to Poland, and instructed him to do his best to rescue Qian Xuesen from Poland in the Sino-US ambassadorial talks. In the face of hard facts, the representative of the United States was speechless. Soon, the American authorities hurriedly informed Qian Xuesen that he could leave the United States for home. 1September, 955 17, after more than five years of struggle, Qian Xuesen, Jiang Ying and their two children finally succeeded in sailing for the motherland in the East.