In case of bad memory, or friends * * * read this book/discuss with each other, so I wrote this article specially. If there are any mistakes, please advise. Thank you~
1, book selection premise: I first read the electronic version of this book on WeChat. At first, I thought it was not difficult. Secondly, I feel that there are still doubts about the knowledge points, so I can scrutinize them again. At the beginning of Professor Ning's management lecture, it was suggested that we should learn some accounting knowledge from the perspective of management, but we don't need to learn too much (perhaps because self-study is not easy? ), then buy paper books. The case of this book is the management of a lemon stall. The examples are vivid, the explanations are detailed and easy to understand. Moreover, we can see from the comments on micro-reading that teachers majoring in finance also recommend students to read this book.
2. Study duration: This book has 10 chapters, and I study one chapter every day. Make mind maps to help make information logical. Don't interrupt your study, and keep up your progress on weekends. Tips: There is no computer to record with paper and pencil, so you can comb it the next day, so you can go out to play and not delay your study. (Pick your nose.
3. Answer after class: During the whole explanation, there are various business activities, such as purchasing $20 lemons, and you will be prompted to use the "balance sheet" in the "three forms" to record them. As for whether the form you recorded yourself is correct, there is an answer at the end of the book. Tips: Even so, it is recommended to fill in the answers yourself, so that you will know what you don't understand. (The pro test is effective.
4. Learning tools: computer, micro-reading, paper books. Computers make maps, and micro-reading is an aid to self-study. Look at other people's underscores and comments. For example, when it comes to LIFO, many fans commented that it is not allowed in China.
5. Learning purpose: Everyone's learning purpose may be different. Or need to study, or just interested, or actually need it. Just find your own needs.
Above, if it doesn't work for you, turn it off in time and don't waste your precious time at will, haha.
-The following are the reading notes &; Text messages.
Chapter one. Chapter one?
Cash, original investment, assets, liabilities, notes payable, owner's equity, balance sheet, inventory, profits and expenses.
1. To start a business, you must have the first fund, which is the foundation, that is, cash. In order to record business, we created a table. The content of this table is very simple, that is, everything that happens in the business. We divide this table into two halves, the left side records what we have and the right side records who owns it.
This book is actually relatively simple. Here is simple or simple business logic. In other words, can you start a business with money? Maybe the answer is not necessarily, dear. Recently, a friend was dissatisfied with his current company, naked resignation, because of the epidemic, but the resources at hand were not enough to support ta's next work. For example, my second aunt's relatives are in business, and I want to learn from her. Okay, will she pay you? Can I continue my original job while transferring? For example, the lemon stand in the book can operate smoothly on the premise that someone buys lemon juice.
3. Go back to the book. If the initial investment of the lemon stall is not enough, you can borrow money, which is called "notes payable", that is, you have debt. At this time, your assets (the left side of the table), no matter how you add or subtract, must be equal to the right side (liabilities+owner's equity).
4. After borrowing the money, you can start purchasing the raw materials for product production. Suppose we buy in cash, then cash decreases and inventory increases, but total assets remain unchanged, which is still equal to right.
5. After a shout, the stock was sold out. Business is so good! ) We made a profit. Then add the profit earned to the cash, and add a "this week's surplus" to the right, and the left and right are still equal.
6. Then, an unfortunate thing happened. Mom says you can't use her glass for free, and you have to pay the rent. In reality, if you want to do business, a lot of investment is necessary. Products, rent, decoration and so on are all called expenses. Unless you set up a stall in downtown, the cost may be low, but does your product positioning match downtown? This is another question.
7, think twice, because you have a profit, you want to pay back the debt. In reality, borrowing money, whether from a private person or a bank, will have interest. If someone doesn't want benefits, it may be true love. (Pick your nose.
Summary of this chapter: No matter what happens in the business process, the left and right must be equal.
Chapter two?
Gross profit, net profit, income statement and cash flow statement
1, the last chapter talked about gross profit, that is, sales revenue-sales cost. Gross profit minus expenses also becomes net profit. Net profit is called the bottom line. As for the bottom line value, this book has been finished, and I will add one or two here. There are two formulas for the bottom line. The first one is the formula mentioned above, which can also be converted into-profit = sales revenue-total fixed cost-total variable cost. Draw a two-dimensional coordinate system and draw the fourth "profit" curve from three curves according to the formula. From the initial loss (in the lower part of the coordinate system), it gradually becomes a profit (extending to the upper part of the coordinate system), and the point intersecting with the horizontal axis is called the break-even point.
There must be an example here. Suppose you have an offline store. Business has become very bad because of the epidemic. Not only is there no traffic, but you also have to pay rent and other expenses. At this time, consider opening an online store and closing the store. Do you think it's feasible? The answer is uncertain. It depends on whether the cost of your online store is cheaper than that of offline stores. If you open an online shop, there is no business online, and it is not worthwhile to spend a lot of time and money on the decoration of the online shop and the salary of the employees. Of course, this is a hypothesis, just let you push it back. Is there something wrong with my product, my usual service, my after-sales management of customers, why there is no traffic, why old customers don't buy back, etc., instead of ... well, I'll just open an online store. (sales enthusiasm, rational operation. )
3. Continue to write the second formula of this bottom line: sales volume = fixed cost/unit marginal contribution. The formula is too beautiful (incomprehensible). Let's give an example. Assuming that the cost of goods in stock including various expenses is 1 10 yuan/piece, the profit is 10 yuan, and the rent is 1 100 yuan, the sales volume is =11/. (crying, doing business is not easy! ) In turn, the sales revenue of marginal contribution rate and profit balance can be calculated, which lays the foundation for sales planning. (I won't say it here, go by yourself. )
4. What's the point of talking about this? Well, if you rent a house, you must extrapolate the monthly sales, weekly sales and daily sales, and then set yourself a goal and make a marketing plan to achieve the goal. If you are a team leader, cooperate with the company's daily plan and lead employees to complete daily marketing activities and achieve the set sales targets. Otherwise, the company will be finished, and finally you will be laid off-only when the company is profitable can employees get wages and bonuses and have a future.
5. After the break, the second chapter introduces the income statement. As for why we should make an income statement, I guess that if we don't do it, we don't know what the profit is in a certain period, so we don't know whether the plan is right or not, and we don't know that all the actions we do according to the plan are right for the company's development and making money. Ah, a person was going to read accounting books and walk to the library, huh? I wasted two hours wandering around, not choosing a book to read quietly, wasting costs. For enterprises, there is still a long way to go to make profits, support employees and make contributions to society! (Autumn
6. Correlation between the two tables: net profit and inventory. The records of these two items in the two tables must be the same, otherwise your table will have problems.
chapter three
Retained income, loans, credit, accounts payable, notes payable
1, the first concept in chapter 3 is retained earnings. Here is the weekly statistics, so last week's profits will roll into next week's "cash" column.
2. Why did you get a loan from the bank? Maybe it's because my father is not Ma Yun and has no money to support my business. Or my dad said he would exercise me, so he wouldn't lend me money, so he had to borrow it from the bank. As we all know, loans have to pay interest, so dad, are you sure I can get through the loan repayment safely without financial training since I was a child?
3. As for why credit is charged? Business is bad now. Ben Miao just joined the work a few years ago. Because the newborn calf is not afraid of tigers, he went to the bank to borrow more than 100 thousand yuan to start running a bar. In the meantime, he was still working in the company, almost exhausted. The key is that the bar wine and some consumables in the kitchen are distributed by dealers, and there are fixed accounts every month. If you can get credit, it means that the other party still values you. Of course, if people are willing to play with you, you should settle accounts on time, and don't play accounting games without settling accounts.
4. I don't know that the investment and maintenance of fixed assets in other industries and old clubs every year involve some construction projects. And these projects have accounts payable to some extent. In addition to the profit impact of the industry itself, enterprises should maintain a certain cash flow, and the payment of accounts payable is more or less inseparable from the management model of enterprises. There are still some internal information of enterprise management that should not be made public, which comes to an end. (Stay
In short, the accounts payable and bills payable owed to others should be settled in time as agreed. Your own cash is not good-looking, and your profits are not good-looking, which leads to other people's companies not getting the settlement money for a long time. Others have a hard time, and you will have a hard time in the future. Is this midstream affecting downstream? And you are better, so that others have no way to go, then there is no corporate influence on the tall. Oh, the greater the ability, the greater the responsibility, don't you think?
6. Q: What is the difference between accounts payable and notes payable? A: Are you interested? Pay off the accounts payable in a short time, such as the goods distributed by the dealers in your store, and make arrangements and accounts on a monthly or quarterly basis. Now reflect on my own company, suppose to deliver goods, what do you want? If the other party's sales are not good, what are the reasons? What kind of support and help can you provide to each other? If the other person has a good life and refuses to pay the bill, do you consider borrowing a pair of discerning eyes? (or insert it into the eye. Finally, there are notes payable, which are generally aimed at financial institutions such as banks. Benmiao knows that a friend owes Father Ma six figures, and now it's almost gone, so don't fool around, right?
chapter four
Payable wages, accounts receivable, bad debts, interest, prepaid expenses, accrual basis, cash basis and creative accounting.
Chapter 65438 +0 and Chapter 4 are some operational knowledge points. For example, when the lemon stall became bigger, I began to aspire to be a lemon stall asset management company, employing several employees and of course getting paid. The question is, is this the right operation? Here is a key word called core business and expansion strategy. The farther away from the core business, the greater the risk. There is a strategic investment called shareholding. For example, when visa faced the competition from paypal and Alipay, it took a stake in square Company. Regarding the core business and expansion, if you are interested, you can add me to micro-reading or WeChat ~ Hmm.
As for accounts receivable, my old employer was Party A, which was relatively strong, so I didn't have much experience in dealing with accounts receivable. Especially in manufacturing enterprises, dealers make sales based on brand and quality. If customers are used to a product or brand, it is difficult to change products easily. For dealers, the habit of getting goods from a certain brand is fixed, and they will not change products and brands at will (unless they don't make money or stop playing with manufacturers).
I've heard of bad debts in the banking industry. For example, the enterprise is very big. In order to save the market and prevent enterprises from closing down, the government has opened up a fund pool and injected water into it, so that if your enterprise wants to close down, everyone will help you (in fact, no one wants to close down). A more realistic example is that if you lend money to someone, it is useless for you to hold an iou if he suddenly runs away. At this point, China people have a good idea of money. They are good at saving and don't spend money indiscriminately. Of course, we should also pay attention to avoid jumping into the so-called investment pit.
4. Interest, a very simple concept. Mortgage has interest, car loan has interest, loan has interest, and deposit has interest. Recently, I want to make a textual research. There is a wonderful online teaching auxiliary institution with a registered capital of 5000w and the date of receipt is 2068. That is,/kloc-opened in 0/8, and the registered capital began to be used 50 years later. Although this is the normal operation of applying for industry and commerce or state administration to supervise the market, there are too many legal risks on its enterprise information inquiry platform, which are wrangling with other companies, their employees and teachers. Well, the strength is discouraged. People and enterprises should cherish their feathers, be more reasonable and convince people with virtue. )
5. Prepaid expenses are only involved in this book. I haven't met or noticed it in my actual work. This book is about insurance. I paid the premium for three years and only amortized this year's expenses. (hmm? Then why pay it once every three years and once a year? Doesn't it smell good? )
6. The accrual basis is of course different from the cash basis. This word was used when my own company got a business license to file tax returns. I didn't know what it meant at that time, so I consulted my knowledgeable friends. Accrual basis refers to one of the accounting methods, that is, when event A occurs, it is recorded; The cash basis, on the other hand, is recorded when there is a cash difference. The two records of the same company in the same period have different results: accrual basis profit is better; Cash basis, oh my mother, let me lose money. (The so-called profit has been used in fixed assets investment ~ So profit ≠ cash, this will be discussed later. )
7. Think about it. When will you show people the accrual report? Of course, when you get a loan. When will you show the loss statement to others? Well, maybe it's time to pay taxes. In order to avoid this kind of tax evasion, the state will definitely have relevant legal constraints. The measure is whether you have inventory, and your inventory is conducive to your profit. For example, our country stipulates that enterprises must adopt accrual basis, while administrative institutions can choose cash basis, because the former can better reflect the real financial situation and profitability of enterprises.
(This article is too long, so I plan to start another one as part B ~)