original text

Wu Wu Jiang ting

Du Mu? Tang dynasty

The victory or defeat of a strategist is unexpected, and Bao is a person with shame.

There are many talented children in Jiangdong. Whether they will make a comeback is still unknown.

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Victory or defeat is a common occurrence in military strategists, and it is difficult to predict in advance. It is a real man who can tolerate failure and humiliation.

Most children in Jiangdong are talented people. If they can rally and fight back, it's hard to say who wins and who loses.

To annotate ...

Wujiang Pavilion: In Wujiangpu, northeast of Anhui county, it is said that Xiang Yu, the overlord of the western Chu Dynasty, committed suicide. Historical Records of Xiang Yu: "So Wang Xiang wants to cross the Wujiang River eastward. The director of Wujiang Pavilion was waiting for the boat, saying that Wang Xiang said,' Although Jiangdong is small and the land is far away, there are hundreds of thousands of people, and it is enough to be king. May the king rush by. Now I have a boat, and the Han army has arrived, so there is no way to cross it. King Xiang smiled and said, "What shall I do if the sky dies because of me?" ? Besides, 8,000 people crossed the river to the west with Jiangdong's children, and none of them came back today. How can I see them? Even if you don't say anything, is a person worth it? "... is to commit suicide. "

Military strategist: A work of origin is unexpected: a work is unpredictable. Unexpected and unpredictable.

Shame, humiliation: it means that a gentleman can bend and stretch, and bear the burden of humiliation.

Jiangdong: From Han Dynasty to Sui and Tang Dynasties, the south bank of the Yangtze River below Wuhu in Anhui Province was called Jiangdong. Talent: a person with outstanding talent. There is only one "Hao".

Make a comeback: after a failure, rectify for a comeback.

Make an appreciative comment

"The victory or defeat of the military is unexpected, and it is men who are ashamed." The first two sentences of this poem say that winning or losing is unpredictable for a strategist, but it is men who can endure failure and humiliation.

The first sentence directly points out that winning or losing is common sense of military strategists, and implies that the key lies in how to look at the problem, paving the way for the following. "An accident" means that the victory or defeat is unpredictable. This sentence emphasizes that only "putting others to shame" is a "man". When Xiang Yu was frustrated, he was ashamed to commit suicide. What is a real "man"? The word "man" is reminiscent of the overlord of Chu, who claims to be able to pull out the mountains and overcome the world. Until his death, he didn't find the reason for his failure. He only blamed the failure on "bad times" and committed suicide in shame. He was really ashamed of his title of "hero".

"Jiangdong children are versatile, and it is not known that they will make a comeback." The last two sentences of the poem say that most children in Jiangdong are talented people. If Xiang Yu wants to return to Jiangdong, he may make a comeback.

The third sentence, "There are many talented people in Jiangdong", is an artistic summary of "Jiangdong is small, with thousands of people, but it is also king" proposed by Tingchang. People have always appreciated the phrase "Jiangdong has never met his elders" and think it shows his integrity. In fact, this just reflects that he is headstrong and can't listen to the advice of Tingchang. He missed Han Xin and angered Fan Zeng. This is really ridiculous. But at this last moment, if he can face the reality, "accept the shame", take the advice, return to Jiangdong and rally again, I'm afraid the number of winners and losers will be hard to measure. That's the last sentence.

"Unknown comeback" is the most powerful sentence in the whole poem. It means that if this can be done, there are still many things to be done; Unfortunately, Xiang Yu refused to put down his airs and commit suicide. This provides a strong basis for the above sentence. And such a sharp turn for the worse, in one go, people want to see the situation of "Jiangdong children" and "make a comeback", which is quite imposing. At the same time, while regretting, criticizing and satirizing, it also tells the truth that "loss is good", which is also of great positive significance.

This poem, like the poem "Red Cliff", discusses the success or failure of the war and puts forward its own assumptions about the war that has ended in history. In the first sentence, victory or defeat is a common occurrence in military strategists. The second sentence criticized Xiang Yu for not being broad-minded enough and lacking general bearing. Imagine three or four sentences, if Xiang Yu returns to Jiangdong and regroups, maybe he can make a comeback. This sentence regrets Xiang Yu's anger, but the main meaning is to criticize him for not being good at grasping opportunities, not being good at listening to other people's suggestions, and not being good at employing people. Sima Qian once criticized Xiang Yu's stubbornness of "killing me by heaven is not a crime of war" from the perspective of historians. Du Mu, on the other hand, talks about success or failure from the perspective of a military strategist. Both of them pay attention to personnel, but Sima Qian summed up his own lessons and emphasized the reasons for his failure. Du Mu is an imaginary opportunity, emphasizing that military strategists should have foresight and indomitable will.

The unconventional discussion is the characteristic of Du Mu's epic. For example, "The east wind doesn't follow, Tongquetai locks Er Qiao in spring" ("Red Cliff"), "The South Army doesn't show its left sleeves, and the four old men and women destroy Liu" ("Shangshan Sigong Temple") are all opposites, with similar styles. People like these poems because they are unconventional, which also shows that history is complicated. From a multi-dimensional perspective, there are many so-called conclusions that are debatable. Hu Zai, a poet in the Song Dynasty, called this poem "Good differences accompany reason" in Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua. Xiang Yu led 8,000 people across the river. After his downfall, no one was spared, which made him unpopular. Who wants to attach it? It is impossible to make a comeback. " In fact, from a historical perspective, Hu's accusation is not unreasonable. People like this poem because it is desirable to use the title to promote indomitable spirit.

Creation background

This poem was written by the author when he went to Chizhou for secretariat in 84 1 year (the first year of Huichang) and passed by Wujiang Pavilion. Written in the fourth year of Kaicheng (839).

Brief introduction of the author

Du Mu (AD 803-852), born in Fanchuan, Mu Zhi, Han nationality, Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi), was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Mu is called "Xiao Du" to distinguish him from Du Fu. Also known as "Little Du Li" with Li Shangyin. Because he lived in South Fan Chuan Villa in Chang 'an in his later years, he was later called "Du Fanchuan" and wrote "Collected Works of Fan Chuan".