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First, language education and children's thinking
Language is the main communication tool of human beings, which reflects and promotes people's thinking activities. In the process of understanding the world, children perceive and understand the world in various ways, and language learning and mastery is an extremely important link. Language is closely related to thinking, and thinking is the function of human brain. When one thinks, one must use language. Language helps people know and understand the world and promotes the development of thinking. Language is the soul, and language is the window of the soul. Language not only reflects people's thinking activities, but also functions, influences and guides people's thinking activities. In the process of understanding the unknown world, children have received language education intentionally or unintentionally, and their language thinking ability has been continuously cultivated and developed.
In early childhood, children's language learning and mastery mainly depend on two ways: obedience and speaking. Generally speaking, children's psychology is self-centered. In addition to observing the swaying world closely with their eyes, they will spend more time listening. Almost every child needs to listen to stories from the age of two or three. The vivid and lovely characters and animals in the story, as well as the fascinating story, can quite touch the hearts of children. In the process of listening to the story, the children gradually share the same fate with the protagonist of the story, and the door of thinking is also opened, gradually forming their own imaginary world. People often like to tell children stories, fairy tales, fables, myths and so on. In your spare time, especially before going to bed. The effect of this kind of language education is obvious and meaningful.
(A) not only let children acquire rich vocabulary, but also gradually cultivate their ability to correctly understand the world.
There are a lot of vivid and beautiful words in children's stories, and children who often listen to stories will gradually imitate and use the words they hear. For example, the story of seven-color flowers can help children learn words such as curiosity and cherish sympathy, and at the same time let them know that helping others is a happy thing, thus sowing the seeds of helping others in their young hearts. In the story of the pony crossing the river, we can learn the words "Tuo", "Deep" and "Shallow", so that children can learn to think or try something from the words that the old cow says the river is shallow and the squirrel says the river is deep. A story about a kitten fishing. At first, the kitten didn't catch any fish because of half-heartedness. Later, the kitten caught a big fish because of single-mindedness. In the process of listening to stories, children gradually master some general words, which can deepen their understanding of the meaning of words, promote their generalization ability, and then cultivate the formation of their abstract thinking.
(2) Enhance memory, enrich children's imagination and cultivate children's creative thinking.
(3) Guide children out of self-centered thinking and cultivate their spirit of mutual assistance and cooperation.
Children's thinking is self-centered, and children's story education can help children form a collective consciousness and cultivate their spirit of mutual assistance and cooperation. These stories told to young children are in line with their psychological and thinking characteristics. Coupled with the fluent language full of children's interests, it is easy for young children to be subtly influenced, unconsciously overcome their egocentric thoughts, and gradually form a good moral character of mutual assistance, cooperation, unity and friendship.
(4) Cultivate children's sentiment and their ability to feel and appreciate beauty.
The child's heart is kind and pure. Children's stories can help children to cultivate and improve their thinking ability to distinguish between true and false, good and evil, beauty and ugliness, and further help children to establish noble ideology and morality. At the same time, the depiction of natural beauty, social beauty and artistic beauty in the works constantly cultivates children's sentiments and cultivates their ability to feel beauty, appreciate beauty and create beauty.
Second, manual activities and children's thinking
Handicraft activities give children more time and space to explore independently, respect their ideas, provide supporting environment and materials for children in time, pay attention to cultivating their thinking and creativity, and achieve certain results.
The content of manual activities is rich and colorful, including bricklayer, papermaking, cloth pasting, cutting and pasting, homemade toys and so on. Among them, paper makers have paper tearing, paper cutting, paper dyeing and three-dimensional production. And the content of homemade toys is more diverse. Many wastes can be used as materials for homemade toys. Develop thinking and enlighten wisdom in observing, thinking, selecting materials and cutting materials. There are certain relationships and laws between various materials and the nature of works. In teaching, we are good at guiding children to explore, discover and apply these relationships and laws independently. This is the golden key to develop children's thinking ability and open the door to wisdom.
Teach the basic methods of making in manual activities, leave creative space for children to explore independently, and cultivate their independence and creativity. Therefore, manual activities are of great help to cultivate children's innovative thinking.
Third, games and children's thinking.
(A) the use of scientific games to cultivate children's thinking ability
Gao Shiqi, a famous scientist, once said, "A scientific game that children participate in, a scientific knowledge they receive and a scientific model they make are all like seeds planted in children's hearts. As you sow, you reap, and the scientific seeds you plant will surely bear fruitful fruits. " It is children's nature to be curious about the ever-changing world. Children have a strong interest in water, rocks, wind, rain, animals and plants, and games are the best way for children to know these things. Children can learn by participating in science games and experiments with their own hands. In games and experiments, children can directly see and feel the characteristics and changes of some objects and phenomena, stimulate their interest in science, cultivate their scientific attitude, and develop their observation, creativity and thinking ability. For example, children like water very much. As long as we turn on the tap, the children will reach for it, grab it and play. We can let children get some superficial knowledge about water through some small experiments. We poured a glass of water for the children and asked what color the water was. Children often say it is white without thinking. Then we pour the milk into another cup, then let the children observe and answer what color the milk is, and then hold up two cups for the children to observe and compare, and the children will easily accept the cognition that water is colorless. You can also let your child drink a little water and feel that the water has no taste. Through this experiment, children's logical thinking ability can be cultivated. In addition, children can be asked to answer questions such as the function of water. When children think about the function of water from different aspects, their divergent thinking ability has been developed. There are many kinds of science games, such as: let children know the nature of magnets; Let them observe the ups and downs of objects; Let them observe the power of seeds and so on. In science games, children can not only increase their knowledge and stimulate their thirst for knowledge, but also effectively cultivate their logical thinking and divergent thinking ability, laying a good foundation for their future becoming creative talents.
(B) the use of guessing games to cultivate children's thinking ability
Most of the riddles that children guess appear in the form of nursery rhymes. There is a riddle hidden in a few short nursery rhymes, and nursery rhymes are used as riddles to describe the characteristics of riddles, thus hiding the names of objects. Children should think according to some characteristics, habits or uses of a certain thing or phenomenon described in nursery rhymes, constantly analyze and synthesize in their minds, and finally reveal the hidden riddle through hard judgment. After the child guesses the answer, he learns the characteristics, habits or uses of this thing. This process not only develops children's positive thinking ability, but also exercises children's reverse thinking ability. After that, if a thing is put forward, he (she) will know its characteristics; On the other hand, if you tell the characteristics of something, he or she will know what it is. In the concrete implementation, we should pay attention to: First, the choice of riddles. When playing guessing games for children, you should choose something related to their life experience, that is, something that children are familiar with. Because children should actively use their existing knowledge and experience to associate, compare, analyze and reason when guessing riddles, it is possible to guess the answer. If the content is too complicated and beyond the scope of children's knowledge and experience, children will not be able to guess the answer, and at the same time, they will be discouraged from guessing riddles. Second, we should guide correctly in the process of guessing riddles. Teachers should gradually guide children to master the skills of guessing riddles, so that children can carefully analyze and think comprehensively when guessing riddles, and every riddle should be considered comprehensively. For example, in the riddle "Stars": "There are many small silver lamps hanging in the sky, which can't be seen during the day and only appear at night." Some children guessed it was the moon after listening to the riddle, while others said it was a street lamp. This is because the child is eager to win, did not fully listen to the four sentences in the riddle, and did not analyze them carefully, so he can't rule out objects that are inconsistent with the riddle. Therefore, when guessing riddles, we should help children to think with some children's songs. Like the riddle "star", first guide the children to find out what is hanging in the sky, and let them pay attention to "hanging" instead of flying in the sky. Then find out which of these hanging objects appear at night and are invisible during the day. This narrows the scope of speculation. Finally, guide children to think that the objects hanging in the sky at night are "many small silver lamps" rather than one, so that they can gradually guess the mysterious stars.
(C) the use of structured games to cultivate children's thinking ability
Children like to play some structural games with game materials, such as building blocks. Because through the operation, a lot of wood or other game materials can be built into all kinds of interesting things, which can meet the curious and active requirements of children and bring them great happiness. The process of children's building blocks is completed in imagination and creation, and the process of imagination and creation is a process of continuous thinking without disconnecting their brains. Children began to use materials aimlessly, then consciously put one object together, and finally developed to put many objects together with one material. This process is exactly the process in which children develop their thinking through imagination and creation. For example, when a child builds a high-rise building, he or she may imagine an underground parking lot, a swimming pool, a recreation room, a restaurant and so on. In the process of building, children actively imagine and create all kinds of things they like and are most interested in according to their own wishes, which not only stimulates their curiosity, but also enriches their imagination and broadens their thinking.
In short, there are many ways to cultivate children's thinking, and the development of children's thinking needs teachers' attention and training in all aspects of children's activities, so that children can develop better.