introduce
The core of modern agriculture is science, which is characterized by commercialization, intensification and industrialization. Compared with traditional agriculture, it has four characteristics: first, it breaks through the limitation that traditional agriculture is mainly engaged in the production of raw materials for primary agricultural products, realizes the integrated production of planting, breeding, production, supply and marketing, trade, industry and agriculture, and makes the combination of agriculture, industry and commerce closer; Second, it has broken through the obvious limitation that traditional agriculture is far away from urban or urban-rural boundaries, realized the unified development of urban and rural economy and society, coordinated layout of urban agriculture and rural industry, and scientific and reasonable complementary resource advantages, which is conducive to the rational flow and combination of urban and rural production factors; Third, it broke through the limitations of traditional agricultural departments, such as compartmentalization, overlapping management and backward service, and realized the establishment of an all-round management and service system that meets the requirements of the market economic system and the development of rural productive forces. Fourth, it has broken through the limitations of traditional agriculture, such as closed, inefficient, self-sufficient and semi-self-sufficient, given play to its resource advantages and location advantages, and realized the regional distribution of advantageous agricultural products and the trade circulation of agricultural products at home and abroad. In a word, the process of building modern agriculture is the process of transforming traditional agriculture and constantly developing rural productive forces, and the process of changing agricultural growth mode and promoting sound and rapid development of agriculture.
The primary task of promoting the construction of new countryside is to build modern agriculture, which will be an important process of agricultural and rural economic development at this stage and run through the construction of new countryside. To develop modern agriculture is to inject more modern ideas and methods into agriculture, equip agriculture with more modern material conditions, transform agriculture with modern science and technology, upgrade agriculture with modern industrial system, promote agriculture with modern management forms, lead agriculture with modern development concepts, develop agriculture by cultivating new farmers, improve the level of agricultural water conservancy, mechanization and informatization, improve the land output rate and agricultural labor productivity, and fundamentally improve the quality, efficiency and competitiveness of China's agriculture.
1 Fujian agricultural development and the present situation of agricultural and rural talents
1. 1 briefly summarizes the development status of modern agriculture in our province. Agricultural development in our province has the following characteristics: ① Characteristic agriculture develops rapidly. Fruit, tea and edible fungi account for a considerable proportion. According to the statistical data in 2006, there are more than 1 100 farmers' specialized cooperative economic organizations in our province, involving more than 300,000 farmers. ② Agricultural cooperation between Fujian and Taiwan has been further expanded. In recent years, the agricultural cooperation between Fujian and Taiwan in our province has been further expanded, and the experimental area of cross-strait agricultural cooperation has been expanded to Fujian Province. According to the statistical data in 2006, the province has approved nearly 2,000 Taiwan-funded agricultural projects, introduced 2,500 improved agricultural varieties from Taiwan Province Province, and introduced more than 800 advanced practical technologies. ③ Rural industrialized management organizations have developed rapidly. The sales revenue of agricultural industrialization management organizations in the province has increased by more than 20% every year, which has driven more than 40% farmers to develop production. According to the statistical data in 2006, there are more than 6,000 agricultural industrialization management organizations in the province. ④ Export-oriented agriculture continued to develop. In recent years, Fujian has actively taken advantage of its advantages in Taiwan and foreign countries, and made efforts to seek breakthroughs in agricultural cooperation between Fujian and Taiwan, cultivating characteristic industries and superior varieties, popularizing contract agriculture, and introducing agriculture-related funds and technologies, and export-oriented agriculture has gradually taken shape. ⑤ The main problems in agricultural development are: irrational structure of agricultural products and weak market competitiveness; The development of agricultural products processing industry is slow and the level of industrialization is not high; The combination of production and marketing is not close, and the interest linkage mechanism between agricultural products processing enterprises and farmers is not perfect; The agricultural technology innovation ability is not strong, the technology, equipment and management level of processing enterprises are backward, and the industry guidance and service are lagging behind.
1.2 Current situation of rural agricultural talents in our province At the end of 2006, the total rural labor resources in Fujian were 1403 1800, and those in rural practitioners were 12206300, accounting for 87.0% of the total rural labor resources. There are 4,230,700 agricultural production and business households and 57,654,338+0,000 agricultural production and business units in the province. The distribution characteristics of rural labor force: ① Agricultural employees are older, with lower academic qualifications and fewer technicians. By the end of 2006, there were 6138,700 agricultural employees in the province. According to age, 3.0% are under 20 years old, 1-30 years old,1.9%, 3 1-40 years old, 25.4%, 4 1-50 years old and 5/kloc. According to education level, illiteracy accounts for 9.5%, primary school accounts for 5 1.6%, junior high school accounts for 34.4%, senior high school accounts for 4. 1%, and junior college or above accounts for 0.4%. Nearly 60% of rural employees are over 4 1 year old, and primary school education accounts for 5 1.6%. There are 92,400 agricultural technicians, accounting for 1.5% of the total number of agricultural employees. (2) the rural labor force with young and junior high school education has been transferred quickly. In 2006, there were 3,994,800 migrant workers in China. Among the migrant workers, those aged 20 and below account for16.2%; 2 1-30 years old accounted for 41.4%; 3 1-40 years old accounted for 26.3%; 4 1-50 years old11.5%; 4.7% are over 50 years old. Illiteracy accounts for1.0%; Primary school education accounted for 20.5%; Junior high school education accounted for 66.1%; High school education accounts for10.2%; College degree or above accounts for 2.2%. (3) The rural labor force is concentrated in crop cultivation, and there is a shortage of talents who directly serve agriculture such as processing and marketing. By the end of 2006, there were 4,230,700 agricultural producers and operators in the province, including 3,62/kloc-0,800, accounting for 85.6%.
2 development of modern agriculture and its talent support system countermeasures and suggestions
According to Fujian's agricultural development and the present situation of rural talents, it is suggested to strengthen the construction of rural talents from the following aspects and build a rural talent system.
2. 1 Coordinate the management system as a whole and formulate the development plan of rural adult education. Incorporate rural adult education into the local national economic and social development plan and into the national social security system. Coordinate rural adult education, define the objectives, tasks and safeguard measures, and establish a rural education system that is spread in all directions, promoted in all fields, connected at all levels and communicated with each other; The government will make overall planning and coordination, effectively integrate and utilize the resources of teachers and school buildings in rural primary and secondary schools, secondary vocational and technical schools and higher agricultural education institutions, improve and enrich rural adult education management institutions, build rural adult culture and technical schools, and create a multi-functional rural adult education demonstration base suitable for the new countryside.
2.2 Strengthen the construction of rural adult education teachers. Combine the introduction of rural teachers and the use of teachers in agricultural colleges and universities to improve the construction of rural agricultural education teachers. Higher agricultural education spans higher education and agriculture, has strong professionalism and particularity of development, shoulders the dual mission of providing talent support and knowledge contribution for agricultural modernization, and is the support and training base of agricultural intelligence. They can train professional teachers for rural adult education, or send them to the countryside to become full-time and part-time teachers for rural adult education.
2.3 Relying on universities, strengthen the cultivation of agricultural technical personnel. As far as our province is concerned, we can give full play to the advantages of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, such as complete disciplines such as agriculture and engineering, good school foundation and rich teaching experience. Combined with the regional characteristics of Fujian Province, the development of modern agriculture and the characteristics of construction on the west side of the Taiwan Strait, we can train rural applicable technical talents and modern agricultural management talents to meet the needs of modern agricultural development with the guidance of social and market demand.
2.4 Relying on the system of science and technology commissioners, attract relevant talents to the countryside to offer suggestions. The system of science and technology commissioners was initiated by Nanping City, Fujian Province. "High grafting, shifting focus, interactive linkage and integrated operation" is a high summary of this system. It is a successful practice to solve the "three rural issues" in the new period, a vivid embodiment of the city feeding back the countryside and effectively promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, and an important measure for the government to tilt public resources to the countryside.
Fujian Province, as the birthplace of the system of science and technology commissioners, has gradually promoted this system since 1999. After nearly ten years' efforts, Fujian Provincial Party Committee and Government have accumulated rich experience in practice. In the management system, the Party committee (government) makes overall plans and coordination, and all parties make concerted efforts to promote it. In terms of work deployment, we should provide all-round services around the needs of agriculture, rural areas and farmers; In terms of working methods, pay attention to integrating strength and improving the scientific and technological team; On the incentive mechanism, we should adhere to the combination of government guidance and market mechanism promotion. The system of science and technology commissioners has achieved remarkable results in serving rural agriculture, and has gradually become a catalyst for increasing farmers' income and a new engine for rural economic development. In recent years, the pilot work of science and technology commissioners in China has attracted great attention from international institutions and organizations. The Ministry of Science and Technology has conducted effective communication and cooperation with international institutions and organizations such as the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the Sino-German Cooperation Project Office (GTZ) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), laying a good foundation for using foreign resources to carry out the pilot work of science and technology commissioners. Fujian can also give full play to its own advantages and strive for more overseas funds to participate in the development of the science and technology correspondent project.
Under the new development situation, it is necessary to improve and extend the system of science and technology commissioners, promote the innovative practice and sustainable development of the system and mechanism of science and technology commissioners, implement and improve the corresponding treatment of science and technology commissioners, encourage them to invest in science and technology services with capital, technology and other production factors to obtain legal remuneration, and attract more agricultural talents to contribute their talents to the countryside.
2.5 Establish and operate a database of agricultural experts. Establish an agricultural expert database in our province, form a loose talent management model, grasp the distribution of agricultural talents in the whole province, and find corresponding agricultural experts to provide services for rural farmers at any time according to agricultural technical problems, so that the use of talents is in a mobile state, improve the efficiency of talent utilization and avoid the waste of human resources.
The information content of the agricultural expert database should include the main research fields, technical expertise and research results of experts, research papers and academic reports published by experts, national, provincial and ministerial projects undertaken and completed by experts, and the latest research trends of experts. Agricultural expert database is dynamic, and its construction content is constantly updated with the acquisition of every research achievement by experts and scholars and the publication of papers. From the expert database, you can always know the latest research trends and achievements of experts, and better apply them to rural agricultural services.
2.6 Introduce relevant policies to attract talents to serve agriculture and rural areas. With the acceleration of urbanization and other reasons, more and more intelligent talents gather in cities, and urban talents are crowded over the wooden bridge, which leads to unprecedented fierce employment competition and serious waste of talents. There is a sharp contrast between the relative surplus of urban talents and the extreme shortage of rural talents. According to the talent demand for developing modern agriculture and building new countryside, government departments can tilt talent policy to agriculture and countryside, focus on developing talent training, tilt talent allocation to agriculture and countryside, and establish a guiding mechanism for talents to join the new countryside construction. We will develop the activities of science, technology, culture and health going to the countryside into frequent going to the countryside, long-term going to the countryside, taking root in the countryside and providing solid services, helping rural areas to train scientific and technological teams, and providing scientific and technological information services and on-site services for farmers. Efforts should be made to create a good environment for training, retaining, attracting and making good use of township talents, and to solve problems such as the treatment, professional titles and working conditions of rural talents.
References:
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